Seagrass research in China is still in its infancy. Even though there has been progress recently, there is still a great deal of research needed to gain a better understanding of seagrass. In this article we review an...Seagrass research in China is still in its infancy. Even though there has been progress recently, there is still a great deal of research needed to gain a better understanding of seagrass. In this article we review and discuss the advances in seagrass research in China from two aspects: (1) seagrass species and their distribution; (2) seagrass research in China, including studies on their taxonomy, ecology, photosynthesis, applications in aquaculture, salt-tolerance mechanisms and other research topics. A total of 18 seagrass species belonging to 8 genera are distributed in nine provinces and regions in China (including Hong Kong and Taiwan), as well as the Xisha and Nansha Archipelagos. They can be divided into two groups: a North China Group and a South China Group. Based on the seagrass distribution, the Chinese mainland coast can be divided into three sections: North China Seagrass Coast, Middle China Seagrass Coast, and South China Seagrass Coast. Ecological studies include research on seagrass communities, nutrient cycling in seagrass ecosystems, genetic diversity, pollution ecology and research in the key regions of Shandong, Guangdong, Guangxi, and Hainan. Seagrass species and their locations, community structure, ecological evaluation, epiphytes, ecological functions and threats in the key regions are also summarized. Other studies have focused on remote sensing of seagrass, threatened seagrass species of China, and pollen morphology of Halophila ovalis.展开更多
Turkish Van and Angora cats are one of most important genetic resources in Turkey. The study aimed to evaluate some morphological properties and also behavioural characteristics in both Turkish Van and Angora cats. Th...Turkish Van and Angora cats are one of most important genetic resources in Turkey. The study aimed to evaluate some morphological properties and also behavioural characteristics in both Turkish Van and Angora cats. This research used both literature and the records from the Van Cat Home at Van Cats Research Centre of Yuzuncu Yil University for Turkish Van cats, as well as literature information for Turkish Angora cat. Van cats which have a special place among world cat races have gained appreciation of people with their original eye colors, long white hair and affectionate attitudes. Origin of Turkish Angora cat breeding in Turkey is Ankara province. Angora cat is strong, energetic, kind, known as a moderately long silky haired cat. According to the results of this study and literature, withers height and body length of Turkish Van cat are higher than the Turkish Angora cat, while tale length and breast girth of Turkish Angora cat are higher than the Turkish Van cat. Body weight （g） of female Turkish Angora cat is heavier than the Turkish Van cat, but male Turkish Van cat is heavier than Turkish Angora cat.展开更多
Vigna unguiculata L. Walp is a recalcitrant plant in terms of in vitro cell, tissue and organ differentiation, which makes it difficult to apply tissue-culture dependant approaches for obtaining stable genetic transfo...Vigna unguiculata L. Walp is a recalcitrant plant in terms of in vitro cell, tissue and organ differentiation, which makes it difficult to apply tissue-culture dependant approaches for obtaining stable genetic transformation in cowpea. Despite this, sporadic efforts have been made to develop regeneration systems in cowpea during the past 40 years. This review presents the considerable progress on cowpea regeneration （organogenesis and embryogenesis） and especially focuses on the regeneration mode of organogenesis, including highlights of the effect of genotypes, explants, medium and plant hormones used in tissue culture. The existing problems and the future research directions were also discussed.展开更多
Marine invertebrates and fish are well known for their remarkable genetic diversity, which is commonly explained by large population size and the characteristic dispersive nature of their early, planktonic life histor...Marine invertebrates and fish are well known for their remarkable genetic diversity, which is commonly explained by large population size and the characteristic dispersive nature of their early, planktonic life history. Other potential sources of diversity in marine animals, such as a higher mutation rate, have been much less considered, though evidence for a high genetic load in marine bivalves has been accumulating for nearly half a century. In this review, I examine evidence for a higher genetic load in marine animals from studies of molecular marker segregation and linkage over the last 40 years, and survey recent work examining mutational load with molecular evolution approaches. Overall, marine animals appear to have higher genetic load than terrestrial animals （higher dn/ds ratios, inbreeding load, and segregation dis＇tortion）, though results are mixed for marine fish and data are lacking for many marine animal groups. Bivalves （oysters） have the highest loads observed among marine animals, comparable only to long-lived plants; however, more data is needed from other bivalves and more marine invertebrate taxa generally. For oysters, a higher load may be related to a chronically lower effective population size that, in concert with a higher mutational rate, elevate the number of deleterious mutations observed. I suggest that future studies use high-throughput sequencing approaches to examine （1） polymorphism in genomescale datasets across a wider range of marine animals at the population level and （2） intergenerational mutational changes between parents and offspring in crosses of aquaculture species to quantify mutation rates.展开更多
基金Supported by Guangxi Science Foundation (No. 0832030)Scientific Research Fund of Guangxi University (2008)+1 种基金UNDP/GEF/SCCBD Project (SCCBD/CPR/02/31)Guangxi Key Lab Fund (No. 07109007)
文摘Seagrass research in China is still in its infancy. Even though there has been progress recently, there is still a great deal of research needed to gain a better understanding of seagrass. In this article we review and discuss the advances in seagrass research in China from two aspects: (1) seagrass species and their distribution; (2) seagrass research in China, including studies on their taxonomy, ecology, photosynthesis, applications in aquaculture, salt-tolerance mechanisms and other research topics. A total of 18 seagrass species belonging to 8 genera are distributed in nine provinces and regions in China (including Hong Kong and Taiwan), as well as the Xisha and Nansha Archipelagos. They can be divided into two groups: a North China Group and a South China Group. Based on the seagrass distribution, the Chinese mainland coast can be divided into three sections: North China Seagrass Coast, Middle China Seagrass Coast, and South China Seagrass Coast. Ecological studies include research on seagrass communities, nutrient cycling in seagrass ecosystems, genetic diversity, pollution ecology and research in the key regions of Shandong, Guangdong, Guangxi, and Hainan. Seagrass species and their locations, community structure, ecological evaluation, epiphytes, ecological functions and threats in the key regions are also summarized. Other studies have focused on remote sensing of seagrass, threatened seagrass species of China, and pollen morphology of Halophila ovalis.
文摘Turkish Van and Angora cats are one of most important genetic resources in Turkey. The study aimed to evaluate some morphological properties and also behavioural characteristics in both Turkish Van and Angora cats. This research used both literature and the records from the Van Cat Home at Van Cats Research Centre of Yuzuncu Yil University for Turkish Van cats, as well as literature information for Turkish Angora cat. Van cats which have a special place among world cat races have gained appreciation of people with their original eye colors, long white hair and affectionate attitudes. Origin of Turkish Angora cat breeding in Turkey is Ankara province. Angora cat is strong, energetic, kind, known as a moderately long silky haired cat. According to the results of this study and literature, withers height and body length of Turkish Van cat are higher than the Turkish Angora cat, while tale length and breast girth of Turkish Angora cat are higher than the Turkish Van cat. Body weight （g） of female Turkish Angora cat is heavier than the Turkish Van cat, but male Turkish Van cat is heavier than Turkish Angora cat.
文摘Vigna unguiculata L. Walp is a recalcitrant plant in terms of in vitro cell, tissue and organ differentiation, which makes it difficult to apply tissue-culture dependant approaches for obtaining stable genetic transformation in cowpea. Despite this, sporadic efforts have been made to develop regeneration systems in cowpea during the past 40 years. This review presents the considerable progress on cowpea regeneration （organogenesis and embryogenesis） and especially focuses on the regeneration mode of organogenesis, including highlights of the effect of genotypes, explants, medium and plant hormones used in tissue culture. The existing problems and the future research directions were also discussed.
文摘Marine invertebrates and fish are well known for their remarkable genetic diversity, which is commonly explained by large population size and the characteristic dispersive nature of their early, planktonic life history. Other potential sources of diversity in marine animals, such as a higher mutation rate, have been much less considered, though evidence for a high genetic load in marine bivalves has been accumulating for nearly half a century. In this review, I examine evidence for a higher genetic load in marine animals from studies of molecular marker segregation and linkage over the last 40 years, and survey recent work examining mutational load with molecular evolution approaches. Overall, marine animals appear to have higher genetic load than terrestrial animals （higher dn/ds ratios, inbreeding load, and segregation dis＇tortion）, though results are mixed for marine fish and data are lacking for many marine animal groups. Bivalves （oysters） have the highest loads observed among marine animals, comparable only to long-lived plants; however, more data is needed from other bivalves and more marine invertebrate taxa generally. For oysters, a higher load may be related to a chronically lower effective population size that, in concert with a higher mutational rate, elevate the number of deleterious mutations observed. I suggest that future studies use high-throughput sequencing approaches to examine （1） polymorphism in genomescale datasets across a wider range of marine animals at the population level and （2） intergenerational mutational changes between parents and offspring in crosses of aquaculture species to quantify mutation rates.
