海洋丛式井典型浅部井漏复杂情况案例分析及处理措施

渤海部分油田由于长期开采导致产能大幅度降低,利用现有低产能老井进行侧钻新井位是增产的有效措施之一。海上油田受平台面积限制,井网设计密集且槽口间距小,使得浅层侧钻钻井作业面临诸多挑战。本文以渤海油田某井在浅层侧钻过程中发生的典型浅部井漏案例为研究对象,详细分析了在高密度井网和有限空间条件下,如何有效应对窜槽口漏失、邻井工程性裂缝和窜通海底失返性漏失等复杂钻井情况。通过对案例的深入分析,文章揭示了井壁稳定性不足、水泥石质量差及地质条件复杂等因素对井漏的影响。在此基础上,本文提出了一系列针对性的处理措施和预防策略,包括改进钻井液设计、优化水泥浆配比及施工工艺,以及采用先进地质预测技术。特别是在侧钻操作中,采用了先进的钻井技术和特种工具,以规避已知风险区域并提高侧钻成功率。本研究对于类似条件下的海洋油田开发具有重要的参考价值和实际意义。

水包油钻井液在中原油田部18井中的应用

对中原油田东濮凹陷中央隆起带北部户部寨构造的重点滚动评价井部18井所用的水包油钻井液进行了室内试验研究,给出了不同油水比情况下的水包油钻井液配方、钻井液密度及流变性调节的方法,对该钻井液的抗盐污染能力、抗原油污染能力、润滑性及抑制性进行了评价。现场应用表现出该钻井液体系密度易控制、润滑性好、抗温能力强、性能维护简单、机械钻速快和防塌抑制性好等效果。

水平井与直井联合布井的产能计算

以五点法注采井网为例，通过保角变换解析法，推导出水平井与直井联合布井时水平井的产能方程。对水平井面积井网以及与其相应的直井面积井网进行了比较，认为：采用水平井井网可以提高油藏的原油采收率，如达到最佳开发效果，其穿透比应在０．５～０．６之间为宜。结合某口水平井的实际情况，用所推导的水平井的产能公式，对该井的产能进行了计算，给出了该井的流入动态曲线。

缅甸M区块浅部高压气井固井技术

浅部低温高压气井固井是固井作业难题之一,其主要特点为气层埋藏浅、浅部地层孔隙压力异常高、地层承压能力低、地层温度低等,造成无法或者很难实现平衡固井、水泥浆发展强度低、气窜风险高等问题。结合缅甸M区块浅部低温高压气井固井实践,重点阐述该区块的固井作业思路、技术措施以及取得的成功与失败,为相同井况的井积累作业经验。

试探《穆天子传》传入日本的时间及途径

伊与部马养在《从驾应诏》诗中提到"瑶池"和"白云篇",而"瑶池"与"白云谣"典故出自《穆天子传》,明示他受到《穆天子传》影响。伊与部马养是有文献可证的《穆天子传》在日本的早期接受者,其接受时间在持统天皇702年逝世之前。731年葛井连广成奉试对策提到了"黄竹"和"白云","黄竹"典故也出自《穆天子传》,说明日本上层对《穆天子传》已很熟悉。日本学者在诗文中引用《穆天子传》,既与他们注意学习《昭明文选》和李善注有关,也与他们直接阅读《穆天子传》有关。《文选》李善注本可能不是直接从唐朝传入日本,而是通过新罗间接传入。《穆天子传》则更有可能是由日本遣隋使团、遣唐使团中的学问僧与留学生带回日本。基于此,笔者将《穆天子传》传至日本的时间上限定为隋文帝开皇二十年(600年),日本圣德太子初次派遣留学生到中国留学;下限则为日本持统天皇逝世之年,即武则天长安二年(702年)。具体时间难以确考。

Deformation and failure study of surrounding rocks of dynamic pressure roadways in deep mines

In order to understand the change rules of stress-displacement in surrounding rocks of dynamic pressure roadways in deep mines and to obtain a theoretical basis for analyses of roadway stability and designs of support, we established a coupling equation of adjacent rock strength, mining stress and supporting resistance on the basis of an elastic-plastic theory of mechanics. We obtained an analytical solution for stress and displacement distribution of elastic and plastic regions in surrounding rock of dy-namic pressure roadway.. Based on this theory, we have analyzed the changes in stress-displacement in elastic and plastic regions of surrounding rocks of dynamic pressure roadways in the Haizi Coal Mine. The results show that: 1) radial and tangential stress change violently within the first 4 m from the inner surface of a roadway after excavation; radial stress increases while tangential stress decreases within a range of about 6 m from the inner surface of the roadway as a function of q3; 2) radial and tangential stress increase with an increase in the mining pressure coefficient k; the increase in the rate of tangential stress is greater than that of ra-dial stress; 3) the radial displacement of the inner surface of roadways decreases with an increase in q3, provided that k remains unchanged.

Wellhead anti-frost technology using deep mine geothermal energy

The auxiliary shaft is an important location for coal mine heating in the winter, where the main purpose of heating is to prevent icing of the shaft. Wellhead heating requires characteristics of openness, no-noise and big heat loads. The original coal-fired boiler heating mode causes significant waste of energy and environmental pollution due to the low efficiency of the heat exchange. Therefore, to solve these prob- lems, we will use deep mine geothermal energy to heat the wellhead by making full use of its negative pressure field and design a low-temperature water and fan-free heating system. Through numerical cal- culations we will simulate temperature fields, pressure fields and velocity fields under different air sup- ply temperatures, as well as different air supply outlet locations and varying number of radiators in the wellhead room of a new auxiliary shaft to find the proper layout and number of radiators that meet well- head anti-frost requirements from our simulation results, in order to provide guidelines for a practical engineering design. Tests on the Zhangshuanglou auxiliary shaft wellhead shows good, look promising and appear to resolve successfully the problem of high energy consumption and high pollution of well- head heating by a coal-fired boiler.

A study of support strategies in deep soft rock:The horsehead crossing roadway in Daqiang Coal Mine

Geomechanics in deep mines becomes more complex and structural support in soft rock can be very difficult.Highly stressed soft rock subject to expansion deformation is particularly difficult to control.The Tiefa Coal Industry Group Daqiang Coal Mine is used as an example.A ventilation shaft,à550 horsehead,is located in tertiary soft rock.Analysis of the reasons for deformation shows an intumescent rock,which is easily damaged.Field observations and theoretical analysis led to a design capable of stabilizing the rock.A combination of spray,anchors,anchor bolts,and soft corner coupled truss supports allowed the deformation to be controlled.This provides a model for similar designs when support of a horsehead roadway is required.

Hydrophilic characteristics of soft rock in deep mines

A series of water absorption tests on dried soft rock have been conducted by the intelligent testing system for water absorption tests in deep soft rock, including tests of water absorption with and without pres- sure. The results show that the water absorbing capacity of rock with a certain pressure is larger than that of rock without pressure： however, the relationship between the water absorbing percentage and the time can be expressed by w（t） = a（l - e^-bt）. In hi-logarithmic coordinates, the hydrophilic relationship with time in tests with pressure could be characterized by linearity, while they present concave or convex in tests without pressure. Based on the hypothesis that each influential factor is irrelevant and they have a linear correlation with the water absorbing capacity, we calculated the weight coefficient of each factor according to experimental results under different conditions. The calculations demonstrate that the effec- tive porosity, content of smectite and kaolinite are all positively correlated with the water absorption capacity of rock; meanwhile, the fractal dimension of the effective pores presents a negative correlation with the water absorption capacity of rock. The water absorption capacity with pressure increases with increasing illite, chlorite and chlorite/smectite formation and a decrease in illite/smectite formation and the fractal dimension of the effective pores, while it is opposite in tests without pressure. The weight coefficient of smectite is smallest among positive factors, and the fractal dimension of the effective pores is the smallest amongst the negative factors.

Treatment effect investigation of underground continuous impervious curtain application in water-rich strata

Serious shaft lining failures often occur when shaft linings are constructed by passing them through the deep topsoil of Quaternary strata. This approach also leads to the formation of an aquifer at the bottom.Based on the theory of the additional stress which is the main reason for these failures, this study focuses on the treatment effect of underground continuous impervious curtain(UCIC) in terms of different factors, namely, the location, shape, range, and width, by using numerical simulation. Results show that the UCIC can reduce the stress concentration in the shaft lining formed in the bottom aquifer. The UCIC can also reinforce the shaft lining at different angles and can be applied in actual situations. The strength factors of the inner surface of the shaft lining increase after the UCIC are used. The material strength and width of the UCIC show an obvious effect on the stability of the shaft lining. Results proved that the UCIC could effectively strengthen the stability of the shaft lining when it was built in the aquifer or built in the aquifer and above and below the layer.

Deep mine cooling,a case for Northern Ontario:Part Ⅰ

Cooling energy needs, for mines in Northern Ontario, are mainly driven by the mining depth and its operation. Part I of this research focusses on the thermal energy loads in deep mines as a result of the virgin rock temperature, mining operations and climatic conditions. A breakdown of the various heat sources is outlined, for an underground mine producing 3500 tonnes per day of broken rock, taking into consideration the latent and sensible portions of that heat to properly assess the wet bulb global temperature. The resulting thermal loads indicate that cooling efforts would be needed both at surface and underground to maintain the temperature underground within the legal threshold. In winter the air might also have to be heated at surface and cooled underground, to ensure that icing does not occur in the inlet ventilation shaft-the main reason why coolin~ cannot be focussed solely at surface.

Reasons resulting in the collapsed tubing near wellhead in high pressure and high temperature deep well during well testing and measures to prevent the collapsing

Because various reasons, the tubing near wellhead was collapsed during well testing in high pressure and high temperature deep well when the outer pressure was less than collapsing strength. To find the reasons in the abnormally collapse and countermeasures, first the quality of the tubing was checked. It was founded that the collapse was not resulted from the defect of the tubing. Then, force and stress exerted in the tubing was analyzed taking XS2 well as an example. The analysis results were concluded as follows. The collapsing strength of tubing decreased due to the axial tensile, which is seriously at the upper tubing especially. During injecting, the additional axial force that was caused by the temperature effect increased the tubing near wellhead to suffer axial tensile and further reduced the collapsing strength of tubing near wellhead. Reinforcing defect, prohibiting defect tubing to trip in hole, according to the calculation to impose appropriate annular pressure, selecting size nozzle to reverse pumping and controlling the reverse pumping speed and pressure, prohibiting to be opened flow and reducing or releasing the annular pressure can prevent the well testing tubing down-hole being collapsed at the wellhead.

Hybrid genetic algorithm for the optimization of mine ventilation network

Used genetic algorithm (GA) to optimize the network of ventilation in order toavoid artificial convergence and speed up the convergence rate to introduce the Powellalgorithm. The Powell algorithm had been integrated into GA. Powell had the effectivecapacity of solving the local optimal solution. Powell and the cross as a method ofchoice, a variation of the parallel operator, can be a better solution to the prematureconvergence of the GA problem. The two methods will be improved to make it an effective combination of hybrid GA called hybrid genetic algorithm (HGA) for the introductionof mine ventilation network optimization and to be used to solve the problem of regulating mine optimization.

A new species of Phyllochaetopterus Grube,1863(Polychaeta:Chaetopteridae)from Hainan Island,South China Sea

Abstract Phyllochaetopterus species are widely distributed on the coast of China. Here, Phyllochaetopterus hainanensis n. sp., a new species collected from Hainan Island （China）, is reported. It is characterized by having a V-shaped peristomium, two eyespots covered by a pair of large curved peristomial notopodia （cirri located beneath the palps）, 13-14 chaetigers in the anterior body region, with three enlarged modified chaetae on the fourth notopodium, and more than five chaetigers in the middle body region. The modified chaeta has a slightly inflated head with an obliquely truncate end. The new species resembles Phyllochaetopterus socialis Clapar6de, 1869, but differs in the shape of peristomial notopodia and peristomium. Twelve species of Phyllochaetopterus have been described from the Pacific Ocean, including the new species described here. An identification key to the known Pacific species is provided together with a brief discussion of the taxonomic value of the eyespots for the genus.

Analysis on Sustainable Development of CNPC Mud Logging Business

As oil and gas development gets more difficult, the market competition in engineering technology services tends to be fiercer. CNPC mud logging business is facing double challenges from tedmology and market. We analyzed both external and internal environment for CNPC logging business development, made clear the opportunities and challenges, gained insights in to the existing problems, and proposed countermeasu res from the aspects of management system, service mode, proyqtability, techniques and equipment, market expansion, and personnel training.

Reservoir reconstruction technologies for coalbed methane recovery in deep and multiple seams

Multiple coal seams widely develop in the deep Chinese coal-bearing strata. Ground in situ stress and coal seam gas pressure increase continuously with the increase of the mining depth, and coal and gas outburst disasters become increasingly severe. When the coal is very deep, the gas content and pressure will elevate and thus coal seams tends to outburst-prone seams. The safety and economics of exploited firstmined coal seams are tremendously restricted. Meanwhile, the multiple seams occurrence conditions resulted in different methane pressure systems in the coal-bearing strata, which made the reservoir reconstruction of coal difficult. Given the characteristics of low saturation, low permeability, strong anisotropy and soft coal of Chinese coal seams, a single hydraulic fracturing surface well for reservoir reconstruction to pre-drain the coalbed methane(CBM) of multiple seams concurrently under the different gas pressure systems has not yet gained any breakthroughs. Based on analyses of the main features of deep CBM reservoirs in China, current gas control methods and the existing challenges in deep and multiple seams, we proposed a new technology for deep CBM reservoir reconstruction to realize simultaneous high-efficiency coal mining and gas extraction. In particular, we determined the first-mined seam according to the principles of effectiveness and economics, and used hydraulic fracturing surface well to reconstruct the first-mined seam which enlarges the selection range of the first-mined seam. During the process of mining first-mined seam, adjacent coal seams could be reconstructed under the mining effect which promoted high-efficiency pressure relief gas extraction by using spatial and comprehensive gas drainage methods(combination of underground and ground CBM extraction methods). A typical integrated reservoir reconstruction technology, ‘‘One well for triple use", was detailed introduced and successfully applied in the Luling coal mine. The application showed that the proposed technology could effectively promote coal mining safety and simultaneously high-efficiency gas extraction.