In order to find a method which can describe the passenger flow dynamical distribution of urban mass transit during interval interrupted operation,an urban railway network topology model was built based on the travel ...In order to find a method which can describe the passenger flow dynamical distribution of urban mass transit during interval interrupted operation,an urban railway network topology model was built based on the travel path dual graph by considering interchange,crowd and congestion.The breadth first valid travel path search algorithm is proposed,and the multipath passenger flow distribution logit model is improved.According to the characteristics of passengers under the interruption condition,the distribution rules of different types of passenger flow are proposed.The method of calculating the aggregation number of station is proposed for the case of insufficient transport capacity.Finally,the passenger flow of Beijing urban mass transit is simulated for the case study.The results show that the relative error of most of transfer passenger flow is below 10%.The proposed model and algorithm can accurately assign the daily passenger flow,which provides a theoretical basis for urban mass transit emergency management and decision.展开更多
税负转嫁是指纳税人将其应交税额通过各种途径部分或全部地移转给别人负担的经济现象.根据西方经济学的理论,任何税收对资源配置的影响,首先取决于该资源持有者对税负的反映程度.研究任何资源持有者在税收存在条件下可能的经济行为变化...税负转嫁是指纳税人将其应交税额通过各种途径部分或全部地移转给别人负担的经济现象.根据西方经济学的理论,任何税收对资源配置的影响,首先取决于该资源持有者对税负的反映程度.研究任何资源持有者在税收存在条件下可能的经济行为变化,必须明确该税负是否真正由资源持有者最终负担.这就涉及“法定税负的承担量”(Legal Incidence of Taxat-展开更多
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61374157)the Science and Technology Project of the Education Department of Jiangxi Province(No.GJJ151524)
文摘In order to find a method which can describe the passenger flow dynamical distribution of urban mass transit during interval interrupted operation,an urban railway network topology model was built based on the travel path dual graph by considering interchange,crowd and congestion.The breadth first valid travel path search algorithm is proposed,and the multipath passenger flow distribution logit model is improved.According to the characteristics of passengers under the interruption condition,the distribution rules of different types of passenger flow are proposed.The method of calculating the aggregation number of station is proposed for the case of insufficient transport capacity.Finally,the passenger flow of Beijing urban mass transit is simulated for the case study.The results show that the relative error of most of transfer passenger flow is below 10%.The proposed model and algorithm can accurately assign the daily passenger flow,which provides a theoretical basis for urban mass transit emergency management and decision.
文摘税负转嫁是指纳税人将其应交税额通过各种途径部分或全部地移转给别人负担的经济现象.根据西方经济学的理论,任何税收对资源配置的影响,首先取决于该资源持有者对税负的反映程度.研究任何资源持有者在税收存在条件下可能的经济行为变化,必须明确该税负是否真正由资源持有者最终负担.这就涉及“法定税负的承担量”(Legal Incidence of Taxat-
