“BC SCIENCE 10”科学教材中生态学部分的模拟活动

本文介绍了“BCSCIENCE10”科学教材中涉及的生态系统的各种教学活动与特点。希望能对我国生物学教材相关部分的编写和教学过程中有一定帮助。

生态纺织品及其标准的发展

本文论述了生态纺织品和国内外主要生态纺织品标准的发展。首先介绍了纺织品生态学及广义生态纺织品、狭义生态纺织品和有机纺织品,阐述了国内外生态产品的标准及其发展,详述了"Oeko-Tex Standard 100"生态纺织品标准、"Europen Eco-Label"欧盟生态标签及国内生态纺织品相关技术法规、标准的发展历程,有利于人们对生态纺织品及其主要技术法规、标准有进一步的了解和认识。

Ecogeographical characteristics of forest soil animal in mountainous districts of the eastern China

In this paper ecogeographical characteristics of forest soil animal i n mountainous districts of the eastern China was analyzed, and results show that soil fauna was very rich in diversified forest habitat, moreover, as times and spaces varied, their compositions and abundance changed obviously too. Forest so il animal decreased gradually in taxa and individual number from the tropics to cold-temperature zone, and they are higher in zonal forest habitat than in other ones on the same mountain. Forest soil animal also got gradually less with incr easing of depth in soil layer, and distributed principally in surface layer. The activities of human had strong affection on faunal composition and diversity of soil animal. On the tropics and subtropics mountains, forest soil animal are le ss in spring-summer than in autumn-winter, whereas they are more in summer-autum n than in winter-spring from warm-temperate zone to cold-temperate zone.

Lead anthropogenic transfer and transformation in China

Information on lead redistribution and speciation changes in anthrosphere can help to analyze the whole lead cycle on the earth. Lead life cycle was traced based on the concepts of anthropogenic transfer and transformation. Lead transfer and the distribution of chemical species throughout the anthropogenic flow were identified in 2010 in China. The results show that 1.85 Mt lead ore was consumed(besides 1.287 Mt imported concentrated ore and 1.39 Mt lead scraps. After undergoing transformations, 3.53 Mt lead entered end services in chemical species of Pb, Pb O2 and PbSO4, altogether accounting for over 80% of the total lead products. Finally, 2.10 Mt ore was emitted into the environment in such species as PbSO4(26%), PbO(19%) and Pb(15%). Lead transfer begins in primary raw material sectors, and then transfers to manufacturing sectors. Lead provides services mainly in such industrial sectors as transportation, electrical power and buildings or construction.

Composition and Distribution of Planktonic Ciliates in the Southern South China Sea During Late Summer： Comparison Between Surface and 75 m Deep Layer

Ciliates are very important components in most marine ecosystem. They are trophic link between the microbial food web and grazing food chain. In this study, ciliates were collected from 11 sites in the southern South China Sea （SCS） during August 25 to September 28, 2011. Their composition and distribution at the surface and 75m deep depth of the ocean were studied. A total of 30 species belonging to 22 genera were identified, and 22 species of 15 genera were Tintinnids. Eutintinnusfraknoii and E. stramentus were the most common species. The other dominants were strombidiids ciliates including Strombidium conicum and S. globosaneum, which were followed by the tide form, Mesodinium pulex. Ciliates abundance ranged from 46 indL-1 to 368 indL-1 in the open sites, 46-368indL-1 at surface and 73-198indL-1 at 75m deep layer. In the Yongshu reef, ciliates abundance ranged from 167indL-1 to 365 ind L-1 in the water colunm, similar to that in Sanya coral reef waters. Ciliates composition showed obvious difference between surface and 75m deep layer at station S2 （P〈0.05）, while no similar result was observed at other sites. At 75m deep layer, salinity was negatively related to mixed layer depth （P〈 0.05）, but positively to chlorophyll a concentration （P〈 0.05）, indicating that the change of vertical mixing in water column influenced vertical distribution of ciliates in the southern SCS.

The Beauty of Chu Mirror with Its Inheritance and Transcendence

Chu mirror is one of the important components of Chu culture,and its decoration is an exotic flower of decorative arts garden in China. The Chu bronze mirror carries a rich Jingchu culture connotation. Its superb craftsmanship,fine carved decorative patterns and inaage- rounded shapes reflect the mysterious religion belief, rigorous life attitude, romantic humanism and deep moral universe structure view of Chu people.It is the valuable cultural heritage that the ancestors left for the Jingchu land and the Chinese people. Digging the beauty of Chu mirror and its inheritance and transcendence, in the ＂global＂ and ＂globalization＂ context, conform to the issue of the 18th CPC National Congress ＂ improving the national cultural soft power, playing the role of the cultttral leading customs, educating people, serving the society and promoting the development＂ .

Biodiversity in the Republic of Macedonia

Status and trends of biodiversity components in Republic of Macedonia are presented in this article. The monitoring of biodiversity components is conducted according to the criteria of SEBI 2010 （Streamlining European 2010 Biodiversity Indicators） for establishment of consistency at global, regional, EU and national indicator level. Two core segments of the Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan of Republic of Macedonia are presented as well as the draft list of biodiversity indicators. Ecosystems and biotopes （presented with plant communities） are explained from which 30 Corine habitat classes are identified for the Republic of Macedonia. The number of endemic and endangered species from different taxonomic groups of vascular plants, fungi, fauna, and Emerald species with European importance are presented. Agro-biodiversity, structure of agriculture land, autochthonic breeds of domestic animals as well as the network of protected areas in Republic of Macedonia are presented. At the end conclusion remarks are given for future necessary activities at national and international level regarding monitoring and conservation of the biodiversity.

Analysis of emergy-based metabolic efficiency and environmental pressure on the local coupling and telecoupling between urbanization and the eco-environment in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration

We use emergy-based urban metabolism analysis in this study to investigate the local coupling and telecoupling between urbanization and the eco-environment in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration. Our analysis encompasses the last 35 years spanning the period between 1980 and 2014. In addition, we analyze urban metabolic efficiency and environmental pressure in these couplings. There are three main conclusions of this study. First, we show that the total metabolic emergy value of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration has increased over the last 35 years, and that external elements have replaced internal ones as the leading contributors to urban metabolism in this region. The proportion of metabolic emergy derived from external elements increased from 30.87% in 1980 to 67.43% in 2014. The emergy extroversion ratio has continued to increase over our study period, while the development of this urban agglomeration had become progressively and more heavily reliant on external elements. Second, over the study period, the metabolic emergy intensity of elements of local coupling and telecoupling in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration has declined at an accelerating rate, from 1.15×10^(21) Sej/100 million RMB in1980 to 9.69×10^(19) Sej/100 million RMB in 2014. This reflects a continuous increase in the economic efficiency of this area.Correspondingly, emergy use per capita increased from 7.8×10^(15) Sej/person in 1980 to 5.83×10^(16) Sej/person in 2014, suggesting a gradual rise in the level of social welfare in this urban agglomeration. However, we also observed a consistently elevated environmental loading ratio(ELR) in our analysis in terms of metabolism of local coupling and telecoupling elements. This result indicates that environmental pressure has also increased constantly within the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration. Third,our analysis shows that the ELR of metabolic emergy from internal elements increased from 8.30 in 1980 to 43.46 in 2014, while the ratio from external elements increased from 4.15 to 92.03. Thus, we quantitatively investigated the dependency of development within this urban agglomeration on external elements as well as the resultant environmental load. The conclusions of this study provide the basis for quantitative policy-making in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, optimizing economic structures, improving economic efficiency, controlling environmental pollution, and promoting the coordinated development of this region.

Analysis of a mutualism model with stochastic perturbations

This paper is concerned with a mutualism ecological model with stochastic perturba- tions. The local existence and uniqueness of a positive solution are obtained with positive initial value, and the asymptotic behavior to the problem is studied. Moreover, we show that the solution is stochastically bounded, uniformly continuous and stochastic perma- nence. The sufficient conditions for the system to be extinct are given and the conditionsfor the system to be persistent are also established. At last, some figures are presented to illustrate our main results.