This paper aims at showing how rhetoric and meaning in Zambian poetry interact. The work analyses the definition of poetry and gives the understanding that poetry is an artistic use of language that employs figurative...This paper aims at showing how rhetoric and meaning in Zambian poetry interact. The work analyses the definition of poetry and gives the understanding that poetry is an artistic use of language that employs figurative language for maximum effect. The work also analyses rhetoric and concludes that the sole aim of rhetoric is to persuade the audience. The use of this rhetoric is later identified as a preoccupation of most poets. After studying a number of rhetorical devices used in poetry, the work has studied selected Zambian poems and focussed on the use of rhyme and alliteration in the poems. It has been shown that there is much use of rhyme but with limited use of alliteration. In both cases, the use is not so much to the contribution to the meaning in the poetry. The poets usually use these devices for the sake of beauty and not meaning. The paper therefore suggests that poets could undergo some formal training in composition while the art is also taught to the young while in their early years in schools.展开更多
It is proposed in the subduction channel model that the plate interface interaction is a basic mechanism for the mass and energy exchange between Earth’s surface and interior.The significant difference in composition...It is proposed in the subduction channel model that the plate interface interaction is a basic mechanism for the mass and energy exchange between Earth’s surface and interior.The significant difference in composition and nature between continental lithosphere and oceanic lithosphere inevitably leads to variations in deep physical and chemical processes as well as crust-mantle interaction products in these two settings.Many studies of experimental petrology have provided constraints on the potential partial melting and crust-mantle interaction in oceanic subduction channels for silicate and carbonate rocks.The partial melts of mafic and felsic compositions are adakitic or non-adakitic granitic melts depending on melting pressure or depth.A trivial amount of CO2 can lower significantly the melting temperature of peridotites and lead to pronounced enrichment of incompatible elements in carbonate melt.The silica saturated or unsaturated melts can react with mantle-wedge peridotites in subduction channels to generate complex products.However,the existing experiments are mostly dedicated to island arc settings above oceanic subduction zones rather than dehydration melting above continental subduction zones.It is crucial to conduct high pressure and high temperature experiments to investigate all possible reactions between peridotites and crustal materials and their derivatives under the conditions responsible for the slab-mantle interface in continental subduction channels.Experimental results,combined with natural observations,are possible to elucidate the processes of metamorphic dehydration,partial melting and mantle metasomatism in continental subduction channels.展开更多
Intergroup conflicts occupy a special place in the interaction of social groups and of necessity form the basic building blocks for the integration of previously fragmented groups. The Western Niger delta obviously ha...Intergroup conflicts occupy a special place in the interaction of social groups and of necessity form the basic building blocks for the integration of previously fragmented groups. The Western Niger delta obviously has since been a theatre of socio-political conflicts. Viewed from the contemporary clime, there is a lacuna in the formulation of theories and concepts in understanding and explaining the nature and pattern of intergroup relations in the region from the pre-colonial period. This work therefore attempts an exploratory analysis of some theories and concepts of intergroup relations in the Western Niger Delta of Nigeria using the historical approach with the use of secondary source materials. The paper concludes that the relation among the diverse ethnic groups in Nigeria, especially the Western Niger Delta, may not have been as intense, or as hostile as it has become since the attainment of independence in 1960. This paper no doubt is essential for the understanding and tackling of the problem of intergroup relations and conflict in the region in particular and Nigeria at large.展开更多
文摘This paper aims at showing how rhetoric and meaning in Zambian poetry interact. The work analyses the definition of poetry and gives the understanding that poetry is an artistic use of language that employs figurative language for maximum effect. The work also analyses rhetoric and concludes that the sole aim of rhetoric is to persuade the audience. The use of this rhetoric is later identified as a preoccupation of most poets. After studying a number of rhetorical devices used in poetry, the work has studied selected Zambian poems and focussed on the use of rhyme and alliteration in the poems. It has been shown that there is much use of rhyme but with limited use of alliteration. In both cases, the use is not so much to the contribution to the meaning in the poetry. The poets usually use these devices for the sake of beauty and not meaning. The paper therefore suggests that poets could undergo some formal training in composition while the art is also taught to the young while in their early years in schools.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2015CB856101)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41172070,41425012)the Ministry of Education of China and the State Administration of Foreign Expert Affairs of China(Grant No.B07039)
文摘It is proposed in the subduction channel model that the plate interface interaction is a basic mechanism for the mass and energy exchange between Earth’s surface and interior.The significant difference in composition and nature between continental lithosphere and oceanic lithosphere inevitably leads to variations in deep physical and chemical processes as well as crust-mantle interaction products in these two settings.Many studies of experimental petrology have provided constraints on the potential partial melting and crust-mantle interaction in oceanic subduction channels for silicate and carbonate rocks.The partial melts of mafic and felsic compositions are adakitic or non-adakitic granitic melts depending on melting pressure or depth.A trivial amount of CO2 can lower significantly the melting temperature of peridotites and lead to pronounced enrichment of incompatible elements in carbonate melt.The silica saturated or unsaturated melts can react with mantle-wedge peridotites in subduction channels to generate complex products.However,the existing experiments are mostly dedicated to island arc settings above oceanic subduction zones rather than dehydration melting above continental subduction zones.It is crucial to conduct high pressure and high temperature experiments to investigate all possible reactions between peridotites and crustal materials and their derivatives under the conditions responsible for the slab-mantle interface in continental subduction channels.Experimental results,combined with natural observations,are possible to elucidate the processes of metamorphic dehydration,partial melting and mantle metasomatism in continental subduction channels.
文摘Intergroup conflicts occupy a special place in the interaction of social groups and of necessity form the basic building blocks for the integration of previously fragmented groups. The Western Niger delta obviously has since been a theatre of socio-political conflicts. Viewed from the contemporary clime, there is a lacuna in the formulation of theories and concepts in understanding and explaining the nature and pattern of intergroup relations in the region from the pre-colonial period. This work therefore attempts an exploratory analysis of some theories and concepts of intergroup relations in the Western Niger Delta of Nigeria using the historical approach with the use of secondary source materials. The paper concludes that the relation among the diverse ethnic groups in Nigeria, especially the Western Niger Delta, may not have been as intense, or as hostile as it has become since the attainment of independence in 1960. This paper no doubt is essential for the understanding and tackling of the problem of intergroup relations and conflict in the region in particular and Nigeria at large.
