关于西部地区地方财政能力调研报告

本报告在考察调研省份地方财政收入能力特征的基础上,分析了目前西部地方财政收入能力建设存在的问题和成因,据此提出应对之策。报告认为,西部地区财政能力建设的主要问题包括:(1)经济发展的"资源型"特征大大增加了财政收入的不确定性和波动性,增加了地方财政的运行风险;(2)地方财政收入高度依赖于投资(尤其是与政府相关的投资项目),限制了地方财政可持续发展能力;(3)营改增后税源与税收分离问题更加突出,地方财政能力的"马太效应"愈发明显。基于财政能力影响因素,提出如下应对之策:(1)让市场在经济发展中发挥决定性作用,构筑地方财政收入能力提升之基;(2)扩大"消费"类税基,弥补西部地区"生产"的不足;(3)完善地方税体系。

鄂西民族传统体育旅游资源开发研究

通过对鄂西地区旅游资源、民风民俗以及旅游市场的调查分析,结果表明,鄂西地区民族传统体育项目和民风民俗种类多,体育旅游开发前景大,但该地区体育旅游产业化发展还处于初级阶段,总体规划薄弱,体育旅游还需进一步加大投入和宣传,突出地区和民族特色,打造精品项目,实施统一规划发展,形成集生态、人文、地理于一体的体育旅游产业链。

Synthetic analysis of meteorological elements for the sea fogs occurred in northwest the Yellow Sea under low pressure control and comparison with sea fogs occurred under high pressure control in summer

Based on the principle of transient perturbation analysis,in this paper,a method to objectively determine the weather pattern formed by sea fog is provided.On the basis of the classification results,the circulation situation,divergence and vertical velocity field,and the vertical profile of temperature and humidity are synthesized and analyzed.The basic characteristics of the circulation and physical field of sea fog under low pressure control(L type sea fog)are obtained,and the results are compared with the sea fog under the control of high pressure(H type sea fog):a)L type sea fogs potential height anomaly disturbance is mainly manifested in the low layer,and its average value is-65.66 gpm,gradually weakening upward;b)L type sea fogs inversion structure is weaker than H type sea fogs when it occurs,the fog layer is thicker and the high relative humidity level is high over the fog layer,while the H type sea fogs fog layer has a relatively obvious dry layer;c)L sea fog has three layers of structure at the vertical direction.The first layer 1000-950 hPa is convergence accompanied by weak rise and subsidence,the second layer 950-850 hPa is divergence accompanied by weak subsidence,and the third layer 850 to 500hPa is gradually strengthened.While there are two layer structures of the H type sea fog.1000 hPa is divergence accompanied by weak rising and sinking movement,950-500 hPa is a uniform subsidence movement.d)Probability density statistical analysis further quantified the vertical movement of L and H type sea fog and the distribution of relative humidity in each layer.These conclusions provide an important reference for forecasting the sea fog in the northwest of the Yellow Sea under the condition of low pressure circulation in summer.

Eco-environment Evolution and Its Sustainable Development Strategies in Western China

Natural condition in Western China is relatively poor and regional economy level is low. The ecological environment has been seriously damaged by population growth and over-exploitation of natural resources. It is very important for coordinating the regional development and safeguarding ecological security to discuss the eco-environment evolution trend and its sustainable development strategies in Western China. Based on analyzing documents and relative research,the changes of main ecological and environmental problems in the western region,such as degradation of forest and grassland ecosystems,shrinkage of wetland,desertification,water and soil erosion,etc. were synthetically discussed. Then,according to the development trend,some countermeasures for eco-environment protection and rehabilitation and sustainable development were proposed.

Available Contents of Trace Nutrient Element and Factors Affecting Their Availability in Western Jilin

Based on the assay of the total content and available content of the trace nutrient elements and the soil pH and organic matter of the soil samples,the characteristic of the available content of the trace nutrient elements and their affecting factors are studied. The results show that the available B in western Jilin is in a middle level,the content in Nong'an is higher than that in the others; the available Mn is extremely abundant; the available Cu in Nong'an is obviously higher than other areas,and the content in Da'an differs greatly; the available Zn is in a middle level; the severe shortage of available Mo differs between different areas; and the available Fe is extremely abundant. The available Mn,Cu and Fe have significantly positive correlation with their total content; the available B has significantly positive correlation with pH,and Zn has obviously negative correlation with pH; the available Mn and Fe had significantly positive correlation with soil organic matter.

Ecological Suitability Evaluation on Agricultural Land in Western Jilin Province Based on Fuzzy Mathematics

[Objective] This study was to evaluate the ecological suitability of agricultural land in western Jilin Province, with the aim to provide basis for the effective application of agricultural resources and the structural adjustment of land use. [Method] The evaluation index system was constructed based on fuzzy mathematic method according to the principles of systematic, dominant, effectiveness and feasibility; based on law of tolerance, reasonable evaluation criteria were determined according to the ecological amplitude of crops; based on GIS processing, the initial data completed the mathematical operation by using the VBA program in Excel. [Result] The area of agricultural land grade I was 5 512 km2, grade II of 25 985 km2, grade Ill of 7 907 km2, and area of land not suitable for agriculture was 6 312 km2. According to the evaluation results, the key areas for land use adjustment were Zhenlai County, Da＇an County, Tongyu County and western Changling County. The directions of land use adjustment included improving irrigation and drainage conditions, governing land salinization and conversion of cropland to forest and grassland. [Conclusion] This study provided basis for the effective application of agricultural resources and ecological environment construction in western Jilin Province.

Research on the extension of Tamarix shrubs resulted from devel-opment projects in arid area

Tamarix plant is widely distributed in the arid areas of China for its great tolerance of draught, salt and alkali and attracts more attention by its strong capacity in windbreak and sand-fixations. “Tamarix dunes” constitute special desert bio-landscape in arid area. During last several decades,Tamarix shrubs declined and “Tamarix dunes” were also severely destroyed due to the land exploitation and serious deforestation, etc. From the 1980s until now, the extending phenomenon ofTamarix shrubs caused by developmental projects such as building highway, railway was studied in the western dry area of China, including western section of Hexi Corridor of Gansu, railroads and highways around the two greatest basin in Xinjiang and interior regions in Gurbantonggut desert, through on-the-spot survey along the transportation lines and setting up sampling plots along the roads. It was found that large quantities ofTamarix plants grow in the catchment area of low-lying lands that were formed by bulldozer operation during road building period. The extension ofTamarix shrubs caused by engineering was similar to that of the other section of the area to some extent, but went beyond the original distribution. This extension is beneficial to the ecological restoration and re-vegetation of western region of China and plays an important role in control of the sandstorms and improvement of ecological environments. As a result, it is necessary to make a further study on the extending phenomenon ofTamarix shrubs and to seek approach to promote wider extension ofTamarix shrubs in suitable habitats. Key words Arid area - Tamarix - Development engineering - Vegetation extension CLC number S718.541 Document code A Article ID 1007-662X(2004)01-0045-04 Foundation Item: This study is supported by key projects of National Natural Science Foundation (39730100), National Foundation (30070640) and part of Project 973(G19990435).Biography: Huang Pei-You (1936-), Male, Professor in College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046Responsible editor: Chai Ruihai

Current Situation and Development Countermeasures on Grassland Resource in Farming-pasturing Ecotone in West Jilin Province

Upon the current degradation situation of grassland in west Jilin Province,I analyzed the effects of natural factors and human activities on the degradation of grassland,and further purposefully put forward countermeasures on the remediation and development of grassland.As a conclusion,scientifically utilizing and protecting the grassland resources could suppress grassland degradation,promoting the sustainable development of regional economy.

Study on Extracting Information about Settlements Distribution in Western Jilin Province Based on Decision Tree Model

With western Jilin Province as the study region, spectral characteristics and texture features of remote sensing images were taken as the classification basis to construct a Decision Tree Model and extract information about settlements in western Jilin Province, and the manually-extracted information about settlements in western Jilin Province was evaluated by confusion matrix. The results showed that Decision Tree Model was convenient for extracting settlements information by integrating spectral and texture features, and the accuracy of such a method was higher than that of the traditional Maximum Liklihood Method, in addition, calculation methods of extracting settlements information by this mean were concluded.

A New Species of the Genus Chorthippus (Orthoptera: Arcypteridae) from North of Shaanxi, China

In this paper, a new species of the genus Chorthippus is described from North of Shaanxi Province, China, namely： Chorthippus wuqiensis sp. nov. The type specimens are deposited in the Institute of Zoology, Shaanxi Normal University.

A new distribution site of the Asian Open-billed Stork (Anastomus oscitans) in southwestern China

An adult Asian Open-billed Stork (Anastomus oscitans) was observed in the Longjing reservoir of Baise City, northwestern Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region on 3 October 2010. It is the first record of this big stork in Guangxi, southwestern ChinaThe Longjing reservoir is located in the

Canonical Correlation Analysis of Agronomic Characters of Brassica juncea in Western China

[Objective] The study aimed at exploring the relationship among the agronomic characters of B. juncea in western China, in order to provide scientific basis for the breeding of B. juncea in western China. [Method] 39 B. juncea materials from western China were used for the canonical correlation analysis, and canonical correlations between each pair of the four ecological character （containing 18 variables） were verified, including yield characters （5 variables）, caulis characters （6 variables）, branch characters （3 variables） and pod characters （3 variables）. [Result] Yield per plant of B. juncea in western China suffered a tremendous influence from effective pod number per plant while was not significantly affected by the total pod number per plant, seed number per pod and 1 000-seed weight; the most important character related with the yield character of B. juncea in western China was caulis character, followed by the branch character and pod character; yield characters, caulis characters, branch characters and pod characters of B. juncea in western China were closely correlated. [Conclusion] In order to improve the yield characters of B. juncea in western China, caulis characters should be focused on, followed by branch characters and pod characters; rapeseed varieties with high performance in total pod number per plant and effective pod number per plant should be chosen through the perspectives of effective branch number, plant height, pod number of main inflorescence, fruit stalk number of main inflorescence and other traits, while rapeseed varieties with high performance in seed number per pod and 1 000-seed weight should be chosen through the perspectives of beak length and other traits.

Summer-autumn habitat use by Galliformes in a primary forest,southeastern Tibet

Habitat use by Galliformes in an ornithologically unexplored region,a forest area in southeastern Tibet,was investigated during the summer and autumn periods of 1995.A total of seven species were recorded,most of which preferred habitats on south-facing slopes and avoided those on north-facing slopes where conditions were relatively humid.A hybrid population of White (Crossoptilon crossoptilon) versus Tibetan Eared-pheasants (C.harmani) was predominant among the Galliforme community,followed by Blood Pheasants (Ithaginis cruentus) and Chinese Grouse (Bonasa sewerzowi).A further investigation in 2001 showed that on account of little human activity in the distant primary forests,the birds suffered less of a threat from hunting and habitat disturbance.

Innovative Practice of Science and Technology Supported Western Village Public Cultural Services in China

The shortage and inefficiency of public cultural services are common problems in China, especially in the western regions. Baiyun District has made use- ful exploration to the construction of rural public cultural service system, network system, resource system, management system and service system.

China Powers Up Hydropower Construction in Western Region

This paper introduces the abundant hydropower resources in western region in China, the role hydropower will play in the extensive development of western region, the finished reconstruction activities, as well as the basic thought and near and long term targets on western hydropower development.

Preview of the No.1148 Ramsar Site on the Ordos upland of western Inner Mongolia

The Taolimiao-Alashan Nur (T-A Nur), of about 10 km2 a brackish lake located on the Ordos upland of western Inner Mongolia, northern China, used to

Study on the Bradybaenid Landsnails in NW Sichuan (Gastropoda:Pulmonata:Stylommatophora)

A new species Pseudiberus (Pseudiberus) maoensis sp.nov.was proposed,and the first dissection study was carried out upon Bradybaena (Bradybaena) pseudocampylaea (Moellendorff),Bradybaena (Bradybaena) sueshanensis Pilsbry,and Bradybaena (Bradybaena) controversa monotaeniata Pilsbry.All examined specimens as well as types are housed in the Institute of Zoology,the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing.

Association of extraintestinal manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease in a province of western Hungary with disease phenotype:Results of a 25-year follow-up study

AIM:IBD is a systemic disease associated with a large number of extraintestinal manifestations (EIMs).Our aim was to determine the prevalence of EIMs in a large IBD cohort in Veszprem Province in a 25-year follow-up study. METHODS:Eight hundred and seventy-three IBD patients were enrolled (ulcerative colitis/UC/:619,m/f:317/302, mean age at presentation:38.3 years,average disease duration:11.2 years;Crohn's disease/CD/:254,m/f:125/129, mean age at presentation:32.5 years,average disease duration:9.2 years).Intestinal,extraintestinal signs and laboratory tests were monitored regularly.Any alteration suggesting an EIMs was investigated by a specialist. RESULTS:A total of 21.3% of patients with IBD had EIM (UC:15.0%,CD:36.6%).Age at presentation did not affect the likelihood of EIM.Prevalence of EIMs was higher in women and in CD,ocular complications and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) were more frequent in UC.In UC there was an increased tendency of EIM in patients with a more extensive disease.Joint complications were more frequent in CD (22.4% vsUC 10.2%,P<0.01).In UC positive family history increased the risk of joint complications (OR:3.63).In CD the frequency of type-1 peripheral arthritis was increased in patients with penetrating disease (P=0.028).PSC was present in 1.6% in UC and 0.8% in CD.Dermatological complications were present in 3.8% in UC and 10.2% in CD,the rate of ocular complications was around 3% in both diseases.Rare complications were glomerulonephritis,autoimmune hemolytic anaemia and celiac disease. CONCLUSION:Prevalence of EIM in Hungarian IBD patients is in concordance with data from Western countries.The high number of EIM supports a role for complex follow-up in these patients.

Restoration and Rational Use of Degraded Saline Reed Wetlands:A Case Study in Western Songnen Plain, China

The protection, restoration and sustainable use are key issues of all the wetlands worldwide. Ecological, agronomic, and engineering techniques have been integrated in the development of a structurally sound, ecologically beneficial engineering restoration method for restoring and utilizing a degraded saline wetland in the western Songnen Plain of China. Hydrological restoration was performed by developing a system of biannual irrigation and drainage using civil engineering measures to bring wetlands into contact with river water and improve the irrigation and drainage system in the wetlands. Agronomic measures such as plowing the reed fields, reed rhizome transplantation, and fertilization were used to restore the reed vegetation. Biological measures, including the release of crab and fish fry and natural proliferation, were used to restore the aquatic communities. The results of the restoration were clear and positive. By the year 2009, the reed yield had increased by 20.9 times. Remarkable ecological benefits occurred simultaneously. Vegetation primary-production capacity increased, local climate regulation and water purification enhanced, and biodiversity increased. This demonstration of engineering techniques illustrates the basic route for the restoration of degraded wetlands, that the biodiversity should be reconstructed by the comprehensive application of engineering, biological, and agronomic measures based on habitat restoration under the guidance of process-oriented strategies. The complex ecological system including reeds, fish and crabs is based on the biological principles of coexistence and material recycling and provides a reasonable ecological engineering model suitable for the sustainable utilization of degraded saline reed wetlands.

An N-shape thermal front in the western South Yellow Sea in winter

An N-shape thermal front in the western South Yellow Sea （YS） in winter was detected using Advanced Very High Resolution Radiation （AVHRR） Sea Surface Temperature data and in-situ observations with a merged front-detecting method. The front, which exists from late October through early March, consists of western and eastern wings extending roughly along the northeast-southwest isobaths with a southeastward middle segment across the 20--50 m isobaths. There are north and south inflexions connecting the middle segment with the western and eastern wings, respectively. The middle segment gradually moves southwestward from November through February with its length increasing from 62 km to 107 km and the southern inflexion moving from 36.2°N to 35.3°N. A cold tongue is found to coexist with the N-shape front, and is carried by the coastal jet penetrating southward from the tip of the Shandong Peninsula into the western South YS as revealed by a numerical simulation. After departing from the coast, the jet flows as an anti-cyclonic recirculation below 10 m depth, trapping warmer water originally carried by the compensating Yellow Sea Warm Current （YSWC）. A northwestward fowing branch of the YSWC is also found on the lowest level south of the front. The N-shape front initially forms between the cold tongue and warm water involved in the subsurface anti-cyclonical recirculation and extends upwards to the surface through vertical advection and mixing. Correlation analyses reveal that northerly and easterly winds tend to be favorable to the formation and extension of the N-shape front probably through strengthening of the coastal jet and shifting the YSWC pathway eastward, respectively.