郯-庐断裂带陆内伸展构造:以沂沭断裂带的表现特征为例

郯-庐断裂带构造系统是中亚-特提斯构造域转向滨太平洋构造域过程中的重要组成部分,是太平洋板块与欧亚板块及扬子板块相互作用的结果,沂沭断裂带是郯-庐断裂带中段研究其地质构造演化最佳的观测场所,也是露头分布集中、地质现象多样的区段。沂沭断裂带在经历了大规模的左行平移、伸展、拉张及挤压作用后,形成了以堑垒构造、盆岭构造、羽状构造系统及大陆边缘花岗岩系为典型陆内伸展构造的特征表现形式。沂沭断裂带堑垒构造为马站—苏村地堑、汞丹山地垒和安丘—莒县地堑两堑夹一垒的构造格局,是由白垩纪以来陆内伸展造成的差异性升降运动所致,其运动学方式多样,构造变形特征性质复杂,形成围绕沂沭断裂带的羽状断裂系统,鲁西地区以NW向的断裂构造为主,鲁东地区则是NE走向的断裂构造。受侏罗纪以来沂沭断裂带强烈的左行平移作用,形成了广泛发育的裂陷盆地和伸展盆山耦合系统,可进一步归纳为泛裂陷型盆地系、狭窄型裂陷盆地系、菱形状裂陷盆地系和胶莱盆地系统四种类型,这些裂陷盆地与隆升山体共同构成了典型的盆岭构造体系。与盆岭构造相伴的岩浆事件形成了大陆弧花岗岩系统,胶北俯冲型大陆弧花岗岩主要有玲珑造山早期二长花岗岩组合、郭家岭造山中期花岗闪长岩组合、伟德山造山晚期闪长岩-花岗岩组合和崂山后造山晶洞过碱性碱长花岗岩-正长花岗岩组合;鲁西俯冲型陆内弧花岗岩包括铜石造山早期闪长(玢)岩-二长(斑)岩-正长斑岩组合、济南—莱芜造山中期辉长岩-闪长岩组合、沂南造山中期闪长岩-闪长玢岩-花岗岩组合等。大陆弧花岗岩与山东的金矿、多金属矿的形成有着十分密切的关系。

郯-庐断裂带南段两侧金矿成矿地质条件的对比

本文在野外地质工作及室内综合研究基础上,对郯-庐断裂带南段两侧金矿床的成矿地质条件作了对比,得出了它们成矿地质背景相同、均受郯-庐断裂带次级断裂控制;同属混合岩化热液型金矿床;都生成于太古界—元古界绿岩带中;金矿围岩、岩浆岩条件、围岩蚀变及成矿物质来源等均极为相似的结论,对安徽蚌埠隆起带中寻找新类型金矿具有重要意义。

郯庐断裂带明光-庐江段遥感特征分析

利用ETM+、KH卫星影像资料,对郯庐断裂带明光-庐江段开展详细的遥感解译工作,分析其构造地貌及几何展布,并结合现场地质调查加以验证。结果表明,郯庐断裂带明光-庐江段的4条主干断裂在遥感影像中均有表现;西支2条断裂北段明显,南段隐伏,断层沿线发育串珠状湖泊、断塞塘、线性陡坎、弧形等构造;东支2条断裂全段影像线性特征均明显,断层通过处地形凹槽带、线性陡坎、刀砍状断层崖等地貌特征极为发育;野外调查发现,在线性影像特征较明显的地方,断层破碎带均发育,有的宽达几十米,且性质变化明显,该段具有多期多次复杂活动特征。综合遥感解译及现场调查研究认为,本文获得了郯庐断裂带明光-庐江段构造地貌特征及地表几何分布,为该区域地震危险性评价提供了依据。

郯城—庐江断裂带(渤海海域)对油气田的影响

利用航磁资料并结合其他地球物理资料,研究了渤海海域郯-庐断裂带的基本特征,讨论了构造线通过海域细节特征,探讨了该断裂对渤海湾盆地的控制作用,以及新生代期间与油气田的关系,指出渤海湾地区是寻找火山岩型油气藏的有利场所,并可期待在郯-庐断裂主断裂一线及旁侧具备生油的范围内寻找新近系油气田。

沂沭断裂带地壳垂直形变的演化及其构造含义

本文使用多期精密水准资料，经采用统一的计算方法和起算标准处理后，分别对沂沭断裂带上的山东和苏鲁皖地区地壳垂直形变场及其演化特征进行了深入的分析，并结合地震地质背景、区域应力场、地震活动特征等研究了地震危险性问题。

新生代大陆板内伸展盆-山耦合与大陆碰撞效应 --以渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷、周缘隆起及边界断裂构造演化为例

新生代印欧大陆碰撞引发了中国西部前缘大规模多阶段地壳挤压缩短、构造变形与隆升及岩浆事件;在中国东部,新生代山脉的抬升、盆地的伸展、沉降,以及郯庐断裂带新生代的活动与青藏高原的隆升具有准同时性,伸展盆地—伸展山脉之间存在耦合关系。这种对应关系呈"幕式"变化,主要表现在印欧大陆碰撞岩石圈增厚、构造变形和抬升的高峰时期,对应盆地岩石圈伸展、减薄、快速构造沉降以及郯庐断裂带活动等阶段;当构造转入相对稳定(松弛)时期,表现为高原剥蚀夷平、岩浆活动频繁以及盆地构造沉降速率减缓等阶段。从全球板块构造的角度来看,中国西部、东部新生代挤压、伸展和走滑活动属同一动力学体系条件下的耦合关系,驱动力可能是两大板块碰撞、深部地幔脉动上涌以及新生代太平洋板块与欧亚板块俯冲和速率变化的共同作用。

与1668年郯城8(1/2)级地震断层有关的几个问题讨论

在总结前人工作基础上，结合作者近几年来1：5万活断层地质填图获得的野外新资料，就1668年郯城地震断层有关的几个有争议的问题进行了讨论，提出了一些新的认识。这些问题包括1668年地震断层的展布、断层的粘滑段和蠕滑段、断层的破裂机制、断层的滑动行为以及断层的分段等。

Geological Evidence and Characteristics of Activity of the Wuhe-Mingguang Section of Tancheng-Lujiang Fault Zone in Late Pleistocene

As the most influential strike-slip fault in East China,the Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone draws scholars attention for its strong seismic activity. Nevertheless,most research has been conducted along segments in Shandong Province and Bohai Bay where huge earthquakes occur frequently. Meanwhile,it is generally believed that segments lying to the south of Huaihe River have been inactive since the late Quaternary and thus it is incapable of generating moderate or strong earthquakes. However,these understandings about the Tancheng-Lujiang fault have been questioned by our recent work for part of the fault south to the Huaihe River. Based on interpretation of high-resolution satellite images,detailed field investigations near Wuhe county and Mingguang City in northern Anhui Province and elaborate microstructure analysis, we come to the conclusion that the Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone mainly consists of four branches and at least one should be active since the late Pleistocene for the Wuhe-Mingguang section. This segment is monopolized by dextral strike-slip motion in late Quaternary. Different from obvious faults in bed rocks or consolidated sediments,the latest activity trace in Quaternary loose sediment revealed by trench excavation is not obvious or even invisible to visual observation. According to our recent work and previous studies, we call for more attention to be paid to invisible faults in young sediment and also suggest that more research be conducted along this seemingly placid segment.

Geoelectrical structures of northern segment of Tan-Lu fault system in China and Russia areas based on magnetotelluric soundings

From China to Russia,Tan-Lu fault system stretches for thousands of kilometers,towards NE 30°.The authors have collected more than ten magnetotelluric profile that China and Russia have carried out,in the studied area of the Tan-Lu fault's northern section,and have analyzed electrical characteristics of the relevant profiles.Deriving the following conclusions:(1)Jiamusi-Bureya plots,etc.,demonstrate the high resistance of Kernel;(2)Fold belt attributed to the land showed high and low resistance stitching,associated with not only terrane accretion,but also upper mantle upwelling;below the sedimentary basin,the resistivity of the upper mantle is lower and closer to the surface comparing with the adjacent area(100-150);(3)In the system of Tan-Lu fracture,Yishu and Dunmi fracture,etc.are expressed as vertical low-resistivity zone;(4)There may exist subducted old-fashioned piece under Jiamusi and Bureya plots.

Prehistoric Earthquakes in the Chishan Segment of the Tancheng-Lujiang Fault Zone during the Mid-Late Pleistocene

Chishan is located in Sixian County of Anhui Province, and the west branch fault of Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone passes through here. According to previous research, the Chishan segment of Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone has been obviously active since the Quaternary. Trenches excavated perpendicular to the Chishan segment for this study have revealed many prehistoric earthquake ruins--the multi-phase reverse faulting colluvial wedge, which is represented as the western brick-red sandstone of the late Cretaceous or maize gravel stratum of the mid Pleistocene of the hanging wall of the fault overlapping eastward the mid-late Pleistocene brown clay. In the base of the wedges, steep NW-dipping faults were found, and the steep fault planes turned upward to gently dipping collapse planes. As revealed by the trenches, the connection line of the breaking points strikes NNE in general. Heaving landforms are preserved at most parts of the tailing edge of the hanging wall where the fault passes through, and some EW-trending gullies were offset by right- lateral faulting. The two walls of several trenches have consistently shown that the collapse of traces have been pushed by a west-to-east force. Among them, Tcl - Tc4 show that the brick red limestone （K2 ） overthrust and collapsed on the yellow-brown clay containing ferro-manganese nodules （ Q2r-3 ） ; Tc5 reveals that the yellowish-white gravel （ Q2r ） and the sandstone （K2 ） and overthrust and collapsed on the aforementioned clay. Reverse faulting colluvial wedges are found on both walls of each of the 8 trenches, but the number of wedges revealed in different trenches is different： there is 1 wedge, and 2 wedges in Tcl and Tc3. 3 wedges in Tc2, Tc4 and Tc5, and in individual trenches, few wedges are revealed. This may be related to the trench＇s location, depth and height of theremaining denudation. From the analysis of the trenches and the thermoluminescence dating results, we can preliminarily conclude that multiple large-scale reverse faulting stick events have taken place on the Chishan segment of the Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone during the mid-late Pleistocene, that is to say, many pre-historie strong earthquakes have occurred.

New Evidence of Late Quaternary Activity on the Xinyi-Wuhe Segment of the Tancheng-Lujiang Fault Zone

The Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone has great influence in eastern China. Studies have shown obvious signs of neotectonic activities on the Xinyi-Wuhe segment of the Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone. In this study,on the basis of the previous work,many seismological surveys are made along the Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone and trenches are excavated in key sites.Combined with the analysis of the seismic activities along the fault,the fault movement features and future seismic risk are discussed. Much first-hand information obtained in the paper can provide an important reference value for the study of large earthquake recurrence rules and the mid and long-term earthquake prediction on the Xinyi-Wuhe segment of the Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone.

Characteristic Analysis of Anomalies of Strong Earthquakes along the Tancheng-Lujiang Fault Zone and Both Its Sides

This article made a systematic statistical analysis on the duration,spatial distribution,form,range,type and reliability of precursory anomalies based on the observations of precursors of 24 moderate-strong earthquakes occurring along the Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone and its bilateral areas in Shandong,Liaoning,Hebei,Jiangsu and Jiangxi Provinces in the period from 1966 to 2005. Results show that:( 1) For M7. 0 and M6. 0earthquakes,med-term abnormities are the greatest in number,short-term abnormities come second,and imminent anomalies are the least. For M5. 0 earthquakes,short-term abnormities are often the most in number,imminent anomalies come second,and the med-term ones are the least.( 2) Precursory anomalies are periodical,part of the med and short-term anomalies are shown as short-term and imminent anomalies during their development.( 3) The development of precursor shows quasi-synchronism; the closer to earthquake occurrence time,the more turning changes of anomalies will appear.( 4)Anomalies mainly occur within an epicenter distance of 100 km, showing a relative concentrated distribution in space,and the shorter the distance to epicenter,the higher the anomaly station / item rate.( 5) The spatial distribution of anomalies is relatively correlated to the strike of structures,having a good consistency with the structure.( 6)There is no significant correlation between duration of abnormities and the epicenter distance.( 7) The higher the magnitude of the earthquake,the greater the amplitude of the abnormities measured with the same observation approach.( 8) In terms of the itemsof the observations,fluid abnormities are the greatest in number,followed by deformation and electromagnetism observations.( 9) For all observation items,med and short-term abnormities make up the majority and short-term and imminent anomalies the minority.( 10) In fluid,deformation and electromagnetism observations,fairly reliable anomalies are about double the number of reliable anomalies.

Spatial Distribution Characteristic of the b-value in Dabie-Sulu and Its Adjacent Areas

The Tanlu （Tancheng-Lujiang） fault is one of the major structures in eastern China, which cuts across different blocks and controls the tectonic activity. Using the seismic data from the China Earthquake Networks Center, we investigate the spatial variations of the b-value in the Dabie-Sulu （Jiangsu-Shandong） organic belt by calculating the b-value of each grid （1~ xl~） from 1970 to 2010. The study shows that： the b-value is smaller in the Tanlu fault and its adjacent area, which might suggest that the major earthquake recurrence period is relatively long due to the lower frequency of small earthquake activity. In both sides of Tanlu fault, the b-value is higher at the edge of Sulu block and the eastern part of Dabie orogenic belt. The b values are higher in North China central orogenic belt, and small earthquake activity which occurred along the central orogenic belt is frequent. Additionally, combined with geological and geophysical study, we find that the b-value has a certain correspondence relationship with the lithologic distribution, which informs us that seismic activity features are closely related to the inhomogeneous media in the crust.

Motion and Deformation State of the Tancheng-Lujiang Fault Zone Derived from GPS Data

Based on the rotation in the entire block and homogeneous strain model ( REHSM) ,we firstly analyze the motion and deformation features across the southern part of Tancheng- Lujiang fault zone from GPS velocity fields in period of 1999 ～ 2001,2001 ～ 2004,2004 ～ 2007 and 2007 ～ 2009. The results show a dextral strike-slip feature in the Weifang- Tancheng segment and sinistral strike-slip in the Tancheng-Lujiang segment. And the deformation perpendicular to the Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone alternates between tension and compression in different time-intervals. Then we resolve the relative rigid motion of blocks around Bohai Bay to the Circum-Bohai Sea area by deducting the entire rigid motion of the Circum-Bohai Sea area. We find that the Yanshan-Bohai seismic belt split this area into two parts,the northern part moving NW,and the other SE.

New Activity of the Tanlu Fault Zone in the South of Huaihe to the Nvshanhu Segment since the Late Quaternary

Taking the Huaihe to the Nvshanhu segment of the Tanlu( Tancheng-Lujiang) fault zone as the main research target to explore whether there has been new activity since the late Quaternary,and based on the interpretation of remote sensing images and repeated surface investigations,we excavated trenches at the sections where the tectonic landform is significant,identified and recorded the deformation patterns of the fault and analyzed the activity behavior. Samples of new activity and deformation were collected and oriented slices were ground based on the samples ' original state to make the micro structural analysis and demonstration. All of the above research shows very clear linear tectonic geomorphology along the fault,three trenches across the fault zone all revealed new deformation traces since late Quaternary. The latest stratum dislocated by the fault is the late Quaternary and Holocene. The main slip mode is stick slip,as represented typically by fault scarps,wedge accumulation,the faults and the filled cracks and so on. In general,it shows the characteristics of brittle high-speed deformation and belongs to the prehistoric earthquake ruins. The above understanding was confirmed partially by microscopic analysis. In addition,the similarities and differences and the possible reasons for the characteristics of the latest activities of the Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone in the north and south of the Huaihe River regions are also discussed in this paper.

Protolith ages and deformation mechanism of metamorphic rocks in the Zhangbaling uplift segment of the Tan-Lu Fault Zone

Protolith ages and Indosinian deformation mechanism of metamorphic rocks in the Zhangbaling uplift segment of the Tan-Lu Fault Zone are important, unsolved problems. Our LA-ICP-MS zircon dating work indicates that protolith ages of the greenschist-facies Zhangbaling Group are 754–753 Ma, and those of the amphibolite-facies Feidong Complex are 800–745 Ma. These rocks belong to the earliest cover of the Yangtze Plate. Their ages and metamorphic features suggest that the rocks did not come from the Dabie Orogen. The Indosinian structures in the Zhangbaling Group and lower Sinian strata formed in a flatlying ductile detachment zone with a shear sense of top-to-the-SSW whereas those in the underlying Feidong Complex are characterized by ENE-WSW inclined folds developed under a ductile regime. It is suggested therefore that the sinistral Tan-Lu Fault Zone of the Indosinian period is buried under the Hefei Basin west of the Zhangbaling uplift segment and the uplift segment is a displaced block neighboring the fault zone. Detachment deformation between the upper rigid and lower ductile crust during displacement of the Zhangbaling uplift segment resulted in the formation of the flat-lying ductile detachment zone and its underlying drag fold zone of a ductile regime. The protolith ages and deformation mechanism in the Zhangbaling uplift segment further prove sinistral origination of the Tan-Lu Fault Zone during the continent-continent collision of the North China and Yangtze plates and support the indentation model for the two-plate collision that considers the Tan-Lu Fault Zone as an oblique convergence boundary.

Cenozoic structural deformation and expression of the “Tan-Lu Fault Zone” in the West Sag of Liaohe Depression, Bohaiwan basin province, China

Based on the interpretation of 3D seismic data and structural mapping we analyzed the geometry and kinematics of the fault system and validated the expression of the"Tan-Lu Fracture Zone"in the West Sag of Liaohe Depression,Bohaiwan basin province.The Cenozoic structural deformation within the West Sag of Liaohe Depression can be divided into extensional structure system and dextral structure system.The extensional system is constituted by numerous NNE-NE trending Paleogene normal faults,where the Taian-Dawa fault(F1)is the master boundary fault(MBF)dominating the deposition during Paleogene so that the sag shows a complex half-graben with"boundary fault in the east and overlap in the west".The dextral system is constituted by 2–3 dextral basement faults in NNE-NE trending(F2,F3,F4)and associated structure,and the time of structural action started in Oligocene and continued to Quarternary so that some associated secondary faults of the dextral system cut off the Neogene and Quaternary.Under the influence of the position and attitude of NNE-NE trending basement strike-slip faults,the central north part and the south part of the West Sag show obviously different structural features.The former appears to be a complex"graben"structure limited by the reversed strike-slip fault in the west and bounded by the inverted normal fault in the east,the latter remains the complex half-graben structure with"boundary fault in the east and overlap in the west",and the graben was mildly reconstructed by one or two normal strike-slip faults.The dextral system within the West Sag is the element of the west branch fault of the Tan-Lu Fracture Zone,which is a deep fracture zone extending along the east of the Liaodongwan Gulf.The deep fracture zone branches off into two separate faults within the Liaohe Depression.The east branch goes through from northern part of the Liaodongwan Gulf to the East Sag of Liaohe Depression and links with the Denghua-Mishan Fault near Shenyang,and the west branch passes from northern part of the Liaodongwan Gulf to the West Sag and Damintun Sag of Liaohe Depression and links with the Yilan-Yitong Fault.The principal displacement zone of the west branch of the Tan-Lu Fracture Zone cuts off the master extensional fault(F1)within the West Sag of Liaohe Depression and induces many cover faults in EW trending within the Neogene and Quaternary.

The important turning points during evolution of Cenozoic basin offshore the Bohai Sea:Evidence and regional dynamics analysis

The Cenozoic basin offshore the Bohai Sea underwent a multicycle-rifting during its evolutionary process, which resulted in the multiple unconformities in the strata. The tectonic activities shown by these unconformities have different manifestations and influences on the basin evolution. The authors systematically analyze the tectonic evolution characteristics of the sags off-shore the Bohai Sea with a large set of hydrocarbon exploration data. The analysis reveals that two phases of tectonic activities during the late depositional stage of the third member of Shahejie Formation (about 38 Ma) and the late depositional stage of Dongying Formation (about 24 Ma) reflect the significant changes in the basin's features and structural framework before and after these tectonic activities. As a result, the two phases of tectonic activities are recognized as important turning points (i.e., tectonic transitions) of Cenozoic basin evolution. The regional dynamic backgrounds of the two phases of tectonic transitions are also discussed. It is suggested that the early tectonic transition occurred at about 38 Ma under such regional dynamic back- ground that a huge kinematics adjustment happened between Eurasian Plate and its neighboring plates, i.e., Pacific Plate and Indian Plate. Meanwhile, the Tan-Lu Fault's slip reversed from left lateral to right lateral. The late tectonic transition occurred in late Paleogene (about 24 Ma) and reflected the Himalayan orogeny's influence on the Chinese continent and even the Asian continent; at the same time, the stress field produced by the escape tectonics was related to the Himalayan orogeny, superposed on the pre-existing stress field, and then enhanced the right lateral slip activity of the Tan-Lu Fault.

Seismites in the Dasheng Group： New evidence of strong tectonic and earthquake activities of the Tanlu Fault Zone

More than 80 layers of seismites were recognized from the Early Cretaceous Dasheng Group in the Mazhan and Tancheng graben basins in the Tanlu Fault Zone, eastern China. The responsible seismic events took place about 110–100 Ma in the Early Cretaceous. The fault zone was affected at the time by strong tectonics, due to tension-related stretching and scattered squeezing by strike-slip faults. These tectonic activities induced a series of strong earthquakes with Richter magnitudes(M) of 5–8.5. The earthquakes affected saturated or semi-consolidated flood and lake sediments, and produced intra-layer deformations by several processes, including liquefaction, thixotropy, drop, faulting, cracking, filling and folding, which resulted in the formation of various soft-sediment deformation structures, such as dikes and veins of liquefied sand, liquefied breccias, liquefied homogeneous layers, load structures, flame structures, ball-and-pillow structures, boudinage, diapirs, fissure infillings, a giant conglomerate wedge, and syn-sedimentary faults. The seismites are new evidence of tectonic and seismic activities in the Tanlu Fault Zone during the Early Cretaceous; the series of strong seismic events that can be deduced from them must be considered as a response to the destruction of the North China Craton.