相同肥料用量紫云英与化肥配施对水稻生长及产量的影响

[目的]探讨在安徽省沿江及皖南稻区的双季水稻种植模式下,相同肥料用量紫云英与化肥配施对水稻生长发育及产量的影响。[方法]进行早稻施肥效应试验,分析水稻生长发育各期间生理指标、经济性状与不同施肥处理的关系。[结果]化肥-紫云英配施的水稻分蘖质量较高、有效穗较多;虽使水稻分蘖期和成熟期推迟,但对农业生产无显著影响;紫云英的肥效相对化肥较慢,第1季对产量的促进并不明显,但在第2季的增产明显。综合各个处理生长发育状况、经济性状和产量,60%化肥+40%紫云英配施是比较合适的化肥-紫云英配施比例。[结论]紫云英在一定程度上可以取代化肥,提供水稻生长发育需要的氮素,并且在比例、用量合理的情况下,第1季总体产量不受显著影响。作为绿肥,紫云英对后续作物及土壤的改善效应有待进一步研究。

不同肥料配比施用对玉米产量影响

凤冈县农林畜牧局2010年在土溪镇大连村开展了"3414"肥效试验,通过氮磷钾肥三元二次方程拟合,最佳配方施用量氮肥(N)为9.88kg、磷肥(P205)为8.11kg、钾肥(K20)为9.34kg。

西南油气田配产与产量管理信息化创新实践

目前西南油气田配产与产量管理业务缺乏统一的业务支撑信息系统,业务开展停留在人工搜集整理数据、电子邮件或人工传输数据及文档、纸质打印分散保存的阶段,运行效率低,在新形势下需要通过信息化手段满足该项业务的多部门、多专业、“线上”高效运行的协同工作的需求。文章从西南油气田配产与产量管理业务现状与需求出发,阐述基于“系统+业务”管理模式搭建配产与产量管理系统,以业务流程为主线,实现与西南油气田油气水井生产数据管理系统数据集成应用,通过标准的产量分析工具,借助统一的应用系统,实现多部门、多专业、“线上”高效运行的业务协同,实现配产与产量管理工作模式的变革。

配方施肥技术

配方施肥是综合运用现代农业科技成果,根据作物需肥规律,土壤供肥性能与肥料效应,在以有机肥为基础的条件下,提出氮磷钾和微量元素适用量、比例以及相应的施肥技术.

南海深水A气田防砂筛管冲蚀风险分析与优选

深水防砂筛管冲蚀和选型关系到气田后续安全高效开发。为了研究小粒径砂粒穿过砾石层的筛管冲蚀和选型问题,以南海深水A气田4口生产井采气防砂工艺为例,构建了筛管孔缝物理模型,应用筛管冲蚀磨损仿真模拟方法,开展了防砂筛管冲蚀模拟,探究筛管冲蚀风险并进行筛管选型。研究结果表明:3类筛管冲蚀速率随产出砂粒径先增大后对数减小,随配产量呈二项式递增,随出砂量线性增大;相同条件下绕丝筛管的冲蚀风险最低,优质筛管次之,星孔筛管最严重;星孔筛管冲蚀严重区域主要分布在筛孔上表面,优质筛管冲蚀严重区域主要分布在筛孔内侧,绕丝筛管冲蚀严重区域主要分布在筛缝两侧;南海深水A气田选择砾石充填配套优质筛管能更好地保证长效可靠性。所得结论可为深水气田安全高效开发提供理论支撑。

Economic Benefits of Rubber Plantations in Longjiang Farm in Hainan by the Application of Optimized Fertilization Formula

The influence of formula fertilization optimization on dry rubber yield and economic benefits of the rubber plantation in Hainan Longjiang Farm were studied by using ＂contrast＂ design method of fertilizer field experiments. The results showed that the actual production rate reached 4.61% and the net production rate of dry rubber reached 3.97% by application of optimized fertilization formula. Analysis of variance showed that the average dry rubber yield in optimization of formula fertil- ization area was significantly higher than that of conventional area. The results also indicated that the optimization of formula fertilization had obvious economic benefits, and each rubber tree reduced cost and increased 9.95 yuan on average after the test.

Combining Ability Analysis on Yield Traits of Recombinant Inbred Lines in Hybrid Rice

A population of 140 recombinant inbred lines at F8 generation were obtained after seven successive generations of self-pollination using single seed descent（SSD） method from the F2 hybrids of three-line restorers Luhui 8258 with high combining ability and Yanghui 34. Then, the 140 inbred lines obtained above and their parents Luhui 8258 and Yanghui 34 were crossed with three different types of cyto-plasmic male sterile（CMS） lines（Gang 46 A, Ⅱ-32 A and Lu 98A） according to NCⅡ design. The resulting 426 combinations were planted at Deyang and Suining bases to test the combining ability and inheritance of five yield traits： yield per plant, panicle number per plant, filled grain number per panicle, seed setting rate and 1 000-grain weight. The results showed that the variances of both general and specific combining abilities of the five traits all reached a significant or extremely significant level at the two sites. The broad and narrow heritability of the yield traits（except 1 000-grain weight whose broad and narrow heritability were both over70%） were all below 50% at the two experimental bases, suggesting that the four traits were easily subjected to environment influence. Very significant positive correlation of general combining ability was found between yield per plant and other traits except 1 000-grain weight. The general combining ability variance showed a normal distribution among the recombinant inbred lines at two sites, right in line with inheritance of quantitative traits. So, the genes controlling rice general combining ability can be targeted by QTL mapping.

水泥厂熟料磨前破碎新工艺的应用

提高磨机台时产量,提高水泥产品质量,降低水泥粉磨电耗,是水泥企业降低生产成本,提高经济效益的必由之路。本项目是通过在磨前增加一条闭环的预破碎系统,降低入磨粒度,以破代磨,多破少磨,并调整钢球级配,达到了提高磨机台时产量和水泥质量的理想目标。

Analysis of China's tobacco industry competition modes in the government monopoly environment

China is by far the largest producer of tobacco products in the world. As a big tax source, tobacco industry brings about 10%of China's annual income.At present tobacco industry is under the administrative monopoly management in China. The nation's policy and management mechanism greatly influence the competition structure of tobbacco industry. Due to the double character of tobacco, the country generally imposes a high tax and limits total product output in order to control the tobacco market. Therefore, the price signal of tobacco market is distorted and to a large extent the competition of the industry is far from a free one. The cigarette production is in a multi element competition style within the nation's planning system. In other words, administrative monopoly and over competition exist simultaneously in China's tobacco industry. The country predetermines the output quota of each cigarette manufacturing enterprise and the actual production outputs of these enterprises could be adjusted through the quota trades among them. The competition in tobacco industry is mainly represented in 3 modes, i.e.production output competition based on quota trades, value added competition in producing and marketing, and the niche market competition based on product classification.

Production Balance of Ship Erection

A network plan model of ship erection was established based on the network planning technology and the work-package breakdown system. The load-oriented production control method was introduced to build up a throughput diagram model thus it is possible to describe the ship erection process numerically. Based on the digitalized models some cases of production balance of ship erection were studied and three balance indexes were put forward, they are the load balance rate, the input manpower balance rate and the maximum gantry crane operating times. Such an analytic method based on the balance evaluation is the important foundation for digitization and intelligentization of shipyard production management.

Combining Ability Analysis for Yield and Yield Components of Yinshui-type Japonica Hybrid Rice

[Objective] This study aimed to analyze the yield potential of newly developed Yinshui-type japonica hybrid rice parents and provide the theoretical basis for breeding of Yinshui-type japonica hybrid rice. [Method] An incomplete diallel cross of four cytoplasmic male sterile （CMS） lines and four restorer lines was designed to investigate the combining ability for yield and yield components of Yinshui-type japonica hybrid rice. [Result] The variances of general combining ability （GCA） for yield traits were extremely significantly different. GCA variances of male parents were higher than that of female parents except for seed-setting rate. The variances of specific combining ability （SCA） for grain yield per plant, number of effective spikes and seed-setting rate were significantly or extremely significantly different. 139A and Wanlun 422 exhibited higher GCA effects. Most yield traits of these two parents be- longed to type II. Combinations 139AxWanlun 422 and Liaojingl0AxWanlun 422 had relatively high grain yield per plant and SCA effects. GCA effects of restorer lines and SCA effects of combinations greatly affected yield traits, while GCA ef- fects of CMS lines slightly affected yield traits. [Conclusion] In this study, restorer lines exhibited greater genetic differences and impact on yield traits than CMS lines; 139A and Wanlun 422 possessed higher application potential.

Compensatory growth in hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus×O. niloticus) reared in seawater, following restricted feeding

Hybrid tilapia weighing 7.71 g were reared in seawater at 24.0-29.0℃ for 8 weeks. The controls were fed to satiation twice a day throughout the experiment, whereas treatment groups were fed at 0.5%, 1.5% or 3.0% body weight per day for 4 weeks, and then to satiation for the remainder of the experiment. During the first 4-week period, there was a curvilinear relationship between growth rate and ration size. Fish fed 0.5% and 1.5% rations displayed compensatory growth response of 2 weeks duration during realimentation. The weight-adjusted growth rate of fish fed at 3% ration was not significantly different from that of the controls by the end of the experiment, when none of the treatment groups had caught up in body weight with the controls. Hyperphagia was observed for the first 2 weeks of realimenatation in fish previously fed at 3% ration, but persisted for the whole realimentation period in groups previously fed at 0.5% and 1.5% rations. None of the feed restricted groups showed improved digestibility, feed efficiency, or protein and energy retention efficiency.

Responses of Seed Yield and Economic Benefit of Winter Oilseed Rape(Brassica napus L.) to Different NPK Ratio and Dose

Field experiments were conducted during 2008-2010 to investigate the ef- fects of NPK fertilization on seed yield and economic benefit of a new hybrid cultivar of winter oilseed rape （Brassica napus L.） - Xiangzayou763, and to determine the optimum NPK ratio and dose in Hunan, China. The results showed that NPK ratio （1：0.50：0.50） with 180 kg/hm2 N, 90 kg/hm2 P2O5 and 90 kg/hm2 K20 was the optimum combination for the highest seed yield （2 231.13 kg/hm2） and economic benefit （9 816.97 Yuan/hm2）, of which 1 641.23 Yuan/hm2 being set for fertilizer in- vestment （VCR=4.11）. Besides, the effects of N, P and K fertilizers on seed yield and oil production of winter oilseed rape were not identical. N had the greatest ef- fect on plant growth of winter oilseed rape, followed by P and K. Total leaf number, green leaf number, leaf length and width, rhizome diameter, branch number, dry weight per plant and other agronomic characters in high N treatments were higher than those in low N treatments. By correlation and path analysis of yield components, the contribution rate to seed yield was found： effective silique number per plant〉seed number per silique〉l 000-seed weight.

Characterization of Soil Available Nitrogen in the Major Vegetable Production Areas of Pearl River Delta,China

A macro scale survey was performed to investigate the content of soil available nitrogen (N) and its spatial distribution in the main vegetable production areas of the Pearl River Delta.Preliminary enrichment-deficient index of available N was then developed,which was a base for increasing fertilizer application efficiency and vegetable yield as well as for constructing soil testing and fertilizing formula.In general,most of the vegetable growth areas in Pearl River Delta were N-deficient or medium-N-deficient.There was 30%-62% increase in yield of Chinese cabbage on the N-deficient soil after application of N; when soil available N content was less than 145 mg/kg,the yield increased with application of N fertilizer at a rate of 60-70 kg/hm2.

Combining Ability of Yield Traits of Rice Restorer Lines in China and South Asia

[Objective] This study was conducted to analyze the difference in the general combining ability of yield traits of rice varieties in China and South Asia and to provide reference for the introduction and utilization of rice restorer lines from South Asia. [Method] A total of 111 hybrids were obtained by crossing 37 restorer lines in China and South Asia with Gang 46A, Lu 98A and Dexiang 074 following a NC II design. The combining ability of eight yield traits of the hybrids was analyzed in Luzhou and Deyang bases of Sichuan Province. [Result] In both bases, the eight yield traits had significant or extremely significant differences between the combina- tions, restorer lines, sterile lines or sterile line^restorer line, suggesting that there were d^erences in the genetic effects between the combinations or lines. The gen- eral combining ability （GCA） variances were all higher than special combining ability （SCA） variances in parents, which indicated that these traits were affected by gene additive effect. Restorer lines contributed more to F1 generation than male sterile liens in the eight yield traits. Nine restorer lines from India and Bangladesh were ranked in the top 15 lines with high GCA in the number of productive tillers in both bases. [Co.cl.siee] There was significant differences in the combining ability in the eight yield traits between the restorer lines from China and South Asia. The lines from India and Bangladesh were better than those from China in the GCA of the number of productive tillers, and the lines from China were better than those from India and Bangladesh in the GCA of other traits.

Synthesis of 2,6-pyridine Dimethyl Formate under Microwave Irradiation

An efficient synthesis of 2,6-pyridine dimethyl formate happened under the microwave irradiation is proposed. It is noteworthy that some factors influence the product yield such as time, temperature, ratio of reactants, and acidity which were discussed. The optimized quantity of 2,6-pyridine dimethyl acid is 10 mmol and methanol is 25 mmol. The yield is up to 95%-96% when using 2 mL 30% sulfuric acid. All products have been characterized by IR and 1H NMR.

Product Vibrational State Distributions of F+CH_(3)OH Reaction on Full-Dimensional Accurate Potential Energy Surface

The hydrogen abstraction reaction of methanol with fluorine atoms can produce HF and CH_(3)O or CH_(2)OH radicals,which are important in the environment,combustion,radiation,and interstellar chemistry.In this work,the dynamics of this typical reaction is investigated by the quasi-classical trajectory method based on a recently developed globally accurate full-dimensional potential energy surface.Particularly,the vibrational state distributions of the polyatomic products CH_(3)O and CH_(2)OH are determined by using the normal mode analysis method.It is found that CH_(3)O and CH_(2)OH are dominantly populated in the ground state when the reactants are at the ground ro-vibrational state.The OH stretching mode,torsional mode,H_(2)CO out-of-plane bending mode and their combination bands in the CH_(2)OH product can be effectively excited once the OH stretching mode of the reactant CH_(3)OH is excited to the first vibrationally excited state.Most of the available energy flows into the HF vibrational energy and the translational energy in both channels,while the radical products,CH_(3)O or CH_(2)OH,receive a small amount of energy,consistent with experiment,which is an indication of its spectator nature.

Evaluating the Impact of Adoption of Improved Maize Varieties on Yield in Uganda： A Propensity Score Matching Approach

The main objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of adopting improved maize varieties on crop yield in Uganda using propensity score matching （PSM） algorithms to control for hidden selection bias. The study employed cross-sectional household data collected in 2005/2006 by the Uganda Bureau of Statistics （UBOS） across the country. Data were divided into two parts; the full sample and smallholder farmer sub-sample （those that cultivated less than 5 acres or 2 Hectares of maize in 2004 and 2005）. Then estimation was made of the difference in yields between the adopters and non adopters, the average treatment effect on the treated （ATT） for the full sample and smallholder farmer sub-sample. Matching methods were used to control for hidden selection bias and the standardized bias measure was used to check for the quality of matching. The results indicate that adoption of improved maize seed had a robust positive and significant effect on yields obtained by farmers. The results were consistent for both the full and smallholder farmer sub-samples. Sensitivity analysis using Rosenbaum bounds indicated that the ATT results were fairly robust to hidden selection bias. That is, the results were not sensitive to unobserved selection bias. Therefore it is confidently asserted that the estimated average difference in maize yields between the adopters and non-adopters was due to the effect of planting improved maize seed.