AIM: To study the role of Fas and Fas ligand (FasL) in biological behaviors of gallbladder carcinoma, and their correlated action and mechanism in tumor escape.METHODS: Streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase immunohistochemis...AIM: To study the role of Fas and Fas ligand (FasL) in biological behaviors of gallbladder carcinoma, and their correlated action and mechanism in tumor escape.METHODS: Streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase immunohistochemistry technique was used to study the expression of Fas and FasL protein in 26 gallbladder carcinoma tissues,18 gallbladder adenoma tissues, 3 gallbladder dysplasia tissues and 20 chronic cholecystitis tissues. Apoptosis of the infiltrating lymphocytes in these tissues was studied by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) method. Expression of both proteins and apoptosis of the tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in cancer tissues of primary foci was compared with clinicopathological features of gallbladder carcinoma.RESULTS: The positive rates of Fas were not significantly different among carcinoma, adenoma, dysplasia and chronic cholecystitis. The positive rate of FasL in carcinoma was significantly higher than that in chronic cholecystitis (x2 = 4.89, P＜0.05). The apoptotic index (AI) in carcinoma was significantly higher than that in adenoma (t'= 4.19, P＜0.01) and chronic cholecystitis (t'= 8.06, P＜0.01). The AI was significantly lower in well-differentiated carcinoma and Nevin Ⅰ-Ⅲ carcinoma than that in poorly-differentiated carcinoma (t'= 2.63, P＜0.05) and Nevin Ⅳ-Ⅴ carcinoma(t'= 3.33, P＜0.01). The confidence interval (CI) ofinfiltrating lymphocytes in adenoma, chronic cholecystitis, well-differentiated carcinoma and Nevin Ⅰ-Ⅲ carcinoma wasvery significantly lower than that in carcinoma (t' = 6.99,P＜0.01), adenoma (t' = 3.66, P＜0.01), poorly-differentiated carcinoma (t' = 5.31, P＜0.01) and Nevin Ⅳ-Ⅴ carcinoma(t' = 3.76, P＜0.01), respectively. The CI of apoptosis of infiltrating lymphocytes in well-differentiated carcinoma was significantly lower than that in poorly-differentiated carcinoma (t = 2.52, P＜0.05), and was not significantly lower in Nevin Ⅰ-Ⅲ carcinoma than in Nevin Ⅳ-Ⅴ carcinoma (t = 1.42, P＞0.05). Apoptosis of infiltrating lymphocytes was not discovered in adenoma and chronic cholecystitis. CONCLUSION: FasL expressed in gallbladder carcinoma cells permits tumor cells to escape from immune surveillance of organism by inducing apoptosis in infiltrating lymphocytes of carcinoma tissues. Up-regulation of FasL expression plays an important role in invasive depth, histological classification and metastasis of gallbladder carcinoma.展开更多
AIM： To characterize the expression and genomic amplification of decoy receptor 3 （DcR3） in hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） and to evaluate the role of DcR3 in apoptosis.METHODS： We examined 48 cases of HCC for D...AIM： To characterize the expression and genomic amplification of decoy receptor 3 （DcR3） in hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） and to evaluate the role of DcR3 in apoptosis.METHODS： We examined 48 cases of HCC for DcR3 expression by RT-PCR and DcR3 gene amplification by quantitative genomic PCR. DcR3 protein was detected by immunohistochemistry. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP digoxigenin nick and labeling （TUNEL） was used to identify the apoptosis cells in tissues. Primary hepatoma cell culture and MTT test were used to evaluate the protection against FasL- and chemicalinduced apoptosis by DcR3 expression. RESULTS： DcR3 mRNA overexpression was detected in 60% HCC （29/48） patients. The occurrence of HCC was not associated with amplification of the gene. One sample base substitution was found in three sites as a sequence in Genbank. The expression of DcR3 in HCC was associated with the apoptotic index （0.067±0.04 vs 0.209±0.12, P〈0. 01）, size of mass, stage, and infiltration or metastasis （41.2% vs71.0%, 40% vs75%, 51.8% vs84.6%, P〈0. 05）. DcR3 expression could protect hepatoma cells against apoptosis induced by FasL, but not by chemicals. CONCLUSION： These data suggest that in addition to gene amplification there may be another mechanism underlying DcR3 overexpression. The effect of overexpression of DcR3 on the apoptosis of cancer cells may have direct therapeutic implications for the management of HCC.展开更多
AIM： To determine the role of Fas/Fas ligand （FasL） in the immune escape of colon cancer cells. METHODS： Immunohistochemistry was used to observe the expression of Fas and FasL in the tissues of colon cancer patie...AIM： To determine the role of Fas/Fas ligand （FasL） in the immune escape of colon cancer cells. METHODS： Immunohistochemistry was used to observe the expression of Fas and FasL in the tissues of colon cancer patients. In situ hybridization was used to detect the localization of FasL mRNA expression in cancer tissues. Terminal deoxynucleotide transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling （TUNEL） assay and CD45 staining were performed to detect the apoptosis of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes （TILs）. Co-culture assays of colon cancer cells （SW480） and Jurkat cells （Fas-sensitive cells） were performed to observe the counterattack of colon cancer cells to lymphocytes. RESULTS： Of 53 cases of colon carcinomas, 23 cases （43.4%） expressed Fas which was significantly lower as compared to the normal colonic mucosa （73.3%, P〈0.01）, and 45 cases （84.9%） of colon carcinomas expressed FasL, whereas only two cases （3.75%） in normal mucosa expressed FasL. FasL expression in the colon cancer cells was found to be associated with increased cell death of TIEs. The apoptotic rate of TIL in the FasL-positive staining regions of tumor cells was significantly higher than that in the FasL-negative staining region （54.84±2.79% vs 25.73±1.98%, P〈0.01）. The co-culture of SW480 cells and Jurkat cells confirmed the function of FasL on the SW480 cells. The apoptotic rates of Jurkat cells were found to be related with the amount of SW480 cells. CONCLUSION： Colon cancer cells can escape the immune surveillance and killing via decreasing Fas expression, and can counterattack the immune system via increasing FasL expression. Fas/FasL can serve as potential targets for effective antitumor therapy.展开更多
IEEE 802.16 systems adopt a "semi-dynamic" allocation mechanism of channel quality indicator (CQI) channels.However,low utilization ratio of CQI channels reduces the spectrum efficiency.So we propose an adap...IEEE 802.16 systems adopt a "semi-dynamic" allocation mechanism of channel quality indicator (CQI) channels.However,low utilization ratio of CQI channels reduces the spectrum efficiency.So we propose an adaptive management strategy of CQI channels based on an analysis model named "toy brick model" to improve the efficiency.The simulation results validate the improvement.展开更多
In this study, we investigated the nucleation mechanism of perovskite films by employing isopropanol(IPA), a weakly coordinating solvent, to anneal both PbI2 and CH3 NH3 PbI3 in the sequential deposition and CsPbI3 in...In this study, we investigated the nucleation mechanism of perovskite films by employing isopropanol(IPA), a weakly coordinating solvent, to anneal both PbI2 and CH3 NH3 PbI3 in the sequential deposition and CsPbI3 in the one-step deposition. IPA solvent annealing(IPA SA) of PbI2 films was carried out at different temperatures. The grain size,compactness, roughness and morphology of PbI2 and CH3 NH3 PbI3 films were seriously affected by annealing methods. Similarly, weakly coordinating solvent annealing process was also employed to anneal all inorganic CsPbI3 perovskite in a one-step method. A continuous and dense CsPbI3 film with uniform grain size was obtained. We recognized that weakly coordinating solvent annealing for perovskite could regulate the dissolution-recrystallization process via controlling the volume of residual solvent in perovskite intermediate films. The power conversion efficiency(PCE) of conventional CH3 NH3 PbI3 perovskite solar cells(PSCs)reached 17.4% and that of CsPbI3 PSCs reached 2.5% based on this sequential IPA SA process.展开更多
基金Supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program), No. 2002AA214061
文摘AIM: To study the role of Fas and Fas ligand (FasL) in biological behaviors of gallbladder carcinoma, and their correlated action and mechanism in tumor escape.METHODS: Streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase immunohistochemistry technique was used to study the expression of Fas and FasL protein in 26 gallbladder carcinoma tissues,18 gallbladder adenoma tissues, 3 gallbladder dysplasia tissues and 20 chronic cholecystitis tissues. Apoptosis of the infiltrating lymphocytes in these tissues was studied by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) method. Expression of both proteins and apoptosis of the tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in cancer tissues of primary foci was compared with clinicopathological features of gallbladder carcinoma.RESULTS: The positive rates of Fas were not significantly different among carcinoma, adenoma, dysplasia and chronic cholecystitis. The positive rate of FasL in carcinoma was significantly higher than that in chronic cholecystitis (x2 = 4.89, P＜0.05). The apoptotic index (AI) in carcinoma was significantly higher than that in adenoma (t'= 4.19, P＜0.01) and chronic cholecystitis (t'= 8.06, P＜0.01). The AI was significantly lower in well-differentiated carcinoma and Nevin Ⅰ-Ⅲ carcinoma than that in poorly-differentiated carcinoma (t'= 2.63, P＜0.05) and Nevin Ⅳ-Ⅴ carcinoma(t'= 3.33, P＜0.01). The confidence interval (CI) ofinfiltrating lymphocytes in adenoma, chronic cholecystitis, well-differentiated carcinoma and Nevin Ⅰ-Ⅲ carcinoma wasvery significantly lower than that in carcinoma (t' = 6.99,P＜0.01), adenoma (t' = 3.66, P＜0.01), poorly-differentiated carcinoma (t' = 5.31, P＜0.01) and Nevin Ⅳ-Ⅴ carcinoma(t' = 3.76, P＜0.01), respectively. The CI of apoptosis of infiltrating lymphocytes in well-differentiated carcinoma was significantly lower than that in poorly-differentiated carcinoma (t = 2.52, P＜0.05), and was not significantly lower in Nevin Ⅰ-Ⅲ carcinoma than in Nevin Ⅳ-Ⅴ carcinoma (t = 1.42, P＞0.05). Apoptosis of infiltrating lymphocytes was not discovered in adenoma and chronic cholecystitis. CONCLUSION: FasL expressed in gallbladder carcinoma cells permits tumor cells to escape from immune surveillance of organism by inducing apoptosis in infiltrating lymphocytes of carcinoma tissues. Up-regulation of FasL expression plays an important role in invasive depth, histological classification and metastasis of gallbladder carcinoma.
文摘AIM： To characterize the expression and genomic amplification of decoy receptor 3 （DcR3） in hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） and to evaluate the role of DcR3 in apoptosis.METHODS： We examined 48 cases of HCC for DcR3 expression by RT-PCR and DcR3 gene amplification by quantitative genomic PCR. DcR3 protein was detected by immunohistochemistry. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP digoxigenin nick and labeling （TUNEL） was used to identify the apoptosis cells in tissues. Primary hepatoma cell culture and MTT test were used to evaluate the protection against FasL- and chemicalinduced apoptosis by DcR3 expression. RESULTS： DcR3 mRNA overexpression was detected in 60% HCC （29/48） patients. The occurrence of HCC was not associated with amplification of the gene. One sample base substitution was found in three sites as a sequence in Genbank. The expression of DcR3 in HCC was associated with the apoptotic index （0.067±0.04 vs 0.209±0.12, P〈0. 01）, size of mass, stage, and infiltration or metastasis （41.2% vs71.0%, 40% vs75%, 51.8% vs84.6%, P〈0. 05）. DcR3 expression could protect hepatoma cells against apoptosis induced by FasL, but not by chemicals. CONCLUSION： These data suggest that in addition to gene amplification there may be another mechanism underlying DcR3 overexpression. The effect of overexpression of DcR3 on the apoptosis of cancer cells may have direct therapeutic implications for the management of HCC.
文摘AIM： To determine the role of Fas/Fas ligand （FasL） in the immune escape of colon cancer cells. METHODS： Immunohistochemistry was used to observe the expression of Fas and FasL in the tissues of colon cancer patients. In situ hybridization was used to detect the localization of FasL mRNA expression in cancer tissues. Terminal deoxynucleotide transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling （TUNEL） assay and CD45 staining were performed to detect the apoptosis of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes （TILs）. Co-culture assays of colon cancer cells （SW480） and Jurkat cells （Fas-sensitive cells） were performed to observe the counterattack of colon cancer cells to lymphocytes. RESULTS： Of 53 cases of colon carcinomas, 23 cases （43.4%） expressed Fas which was significantly lower as compared to the normal colonic mucosa （73.3%, P〈0.01）, and 45 cases （84.9%） of colon carcinomas expressed FasL, whereas only two cases （3.75%） in normal mucosa expressed FasL. FasL expression in the colon cancer cells was found to be associated with increased cell death of TIEs. The apoptotic rate of TIL in the FasL-positive staining regions of tumor cells was significantly higher than that in the FasL-negative staining region （54.84±2.79% vs 25.73±1.98%, P〈0.01）. The co-culture of SW480 cells and Jurkat cells confirmed the function of FasL on the SW480 cells. The apoptotic rates of Jurkat cells were found to be related with the amount of SW480 cells. CONCLUSION： Colon cancer cells can escape the immune surveillance and killing via decreasing Fas expression, and can counterattack the immune system via increasing FasL expression. Fas/FasL can serve as potential targets for effective antitumor therapy.
基金National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(No.2006AA01Z235)
文摘IEEE 802.16 systems adopt a "semi-dynamic" allocation mechanism of channel quality indicator (CQI) channels.However,low utilization ratio of CQI channels reduces the spectrum efficiency.So we propose an adaptive management strategy of CQI channels based on an analysis model named "toy brick model" to improve the efficiency.The simulation results validate the improvement.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61574029,61421002 and 61574029)supported by University of Kentucky
文摘In this study, we investigated the nucleation mechanism of perovskite films by employing isopropanol(IPA), a weakly coordinating solvent, to anneal both PbI2 and CH3 NH3 PbI3 in the sequential deposition and CsPbI3 in the one-step deposition. IPA solvent annealing(IPA SA) of PbI2 films was carried out at different temperatures. The grain size,compactness, roughness and morphology of PbI2 and CH3 NH3 PbI3 films were seriously affected by annealing methods. Similarly, weakly coordinating solvent annealing process was also employed to anneal all inorganic CsPbI3 perovskite in a one-step method. A continuous and dense CsPbI3 film with uniform grain size was obtained. We recognized that weakly coordinating solvent annealing for perovskite could regulate the dissolution-recrystallization process via controlling the volume of residual solvent in perovskite intermediate films. The power conversion efficiency(PCE) of conventional CH3 NH3 PbI3 perovskite solar cells(PSCs)reached 17.4% and that of CsPbI3 PSCs reached 2.5% based on this sequential IPA SA process.
