2007年水稻宁粳1号精确配方施氮校正技术试验

在2006年试验基础上,2007年进一步按地区因土、因种明确应用斯坦福方程精确定量总施氮量的3个参数适宜值与确定实用方法。经比较,2007年提出的精确配方中氮肥水平(10.5t/hm2目标产量)比2006年51kg/hm2纯氮、磷肥水平比2006年高57kg/hm2五氧化二磷,在实际水稻生产中该配方水平结合施用有机肥已能满足中等肥力水平目标产量的需肥水平。

烟草大田期病害配方施药试验

鉴于云南烟区大田期烟草病害混合发生日趋严重,单一农药品种防效较差的状况,作者选用云南烟区几个常用农药品种,根据田间病害组成相和农药理化性质,提出了烟草配方施药方案,并进行了田间小区试验和同田对比试验。小区试验结果表明:909—B1混配剂对烟草赤星病平均防效为71.1％,对烟草蛙眼病、炭疽病、角斑病等叶斑类病害的平均防效为81.3％,对烟草野火病平均防效为80.9％。同田对比试验与小区试验结果基本相同,表明配方施药对真菌、细菌病害有较好的防治效果,尤其是909—B1明显优于其他供试农药品种。

农户采用环境友好型技术行为研究--以配方施肥技术为例

本文在江苏省376户农户调查数据基础上,首先运用Probit模型分析了影响农户是否选择配方施肥技术的因素,其次运用Tobit模型分析了影响配方肥施用比例(采用强度)的因素。研究表明,科学施肥能力越强、示范户、拿到配方卡、参加培训次数越多及所在乡培训总人数越多的农户越倾向选择配方施肥技术,而本村化肥店对农户选择该技术有显著负向影响;就技术采用强度而言,年龄越小、以务农为主、科学施肥能力越强、拿到配方卡和参加培训次数越多的农户,其配方肥施用比例倾向越高。

稻田秋大豆施肥效应及用量研究初报

通过稻田种植秋大豆不同施肥试验 ,指出稻田种植秋大豆氮磷及氮磷钾配施比单施氮的产量效益高 ,以施纯N 75kg/hm2 、纯P2 O53 6kg/hm2 和纯K2 O 37.5kg/hm2

不同施肥处理对水稻产量的影响

采用测土配方施肥的3414试验方法,研究了不同施肥处理对水稻产量及效益的影响,结果表明:供试土壤的肥料含量较丰富,其中丰缺指标:N丰缺指标为88.3%,P丰缺指标为89.2%,K丰缺指标为95.8%,N、P含量中等,K含量较高。供试土壤的肥料利用率偏低,其中N利用率为25.8%,P利用率为10.2%,K利率为32.8%,对水稻产量的影响依次为K、N、P。该供试土壤偏酸性,供肥能力较高,根据试验结果,结合农户施肥习惯调查,综合各方面因素,肥料推荐模式为:每667m^2施N 2.5 kg,P_2O_5 1.5 kg,K_2O 4.5 kg。

化肥减施间种绿肥对茶园土壤肥力及产量的影响

试验以不施肥和常规单施配方肥为对照,种植绿肥(夏季饭豇豆和冬季紫花苜蓿)、绿肥+单施配方肥、绿肥+配方肥减施20%对茶园耕层土壤肥力和养分农学效率及不同季节茶叶产量的影响,旨在为茶园土壤化肥减施、有机配肥和茶叶增产提供科学依据。结果表明:绿肥+配方肥减施20%能够明显改善茶园土壤肥力,促进产量提升。

单季中籼杂交稻优质品种模式栽培试验结果分析

2023年度全国水稻绿色高产高效行动项目,在安徽省全面布点实施,安徽省合肥市庐江县白山镇农业技术推广服务站,根据庐江县技术推广中心设计项目实施标准要求,在全国水稻绿色高产高效行动项目实施基地,布点单季中籼杂交稻优质品种模式栽培试验。结果表明:采取空茬应用酵素毯秧小苗手插绿色种植模式栽培,比采取空茬常规湿润育大苗手插栽培模式和采取虾一稻共生毯秧大苗手插栽培模式,栽培中籼杂交稻优质品种,采取统一浸种催芽稀播毯秧和湿润培育大苗移栽,全程绿色高产高效栽培方式,各品种均表现高产、优质、高抗、分蘖性强、成穗率高、增效。各点中籼稻品种中,隆两优8612、玮两优8612及臻两优8612均表现早熟、高抗、大穗、高产。

Economic Benefits of Rubber Plantations in Longjiang Farm in Hainan by the Application of Optimized Fertilization Formula

The influence of formula fertilization optimization on dry rubber yield and economic benefits of the rubber plantation in Hainan Longjiang Farm were studied by using ＂contrast＂ design method of fertilizer field experiments. The results showed that the actual production rate reached 4.61% and the net production rate of dry rubber reached 3.97% by application of optimized fertilization formula. Analysis of variance showed that the average dry rubber yield in optimization of formula fertil- ization area was significantly higher than that of conventional area. The results also indicated that the optimization of formula fertilization had obvious economic benefits, and each rubber tree reduced cost and increased 9.95 yuan on average after the test.

Application of Special Controlled Release Fertilizer in Direct-seeding of Rapeseeds

In the east of Hunan Province, the research introduced new-type special controI ed-reIease fertiIizer for rapeseed, ＂Yishizhuang＂, and expIored its appIications in direct-seeding of rapeseed production. The resuIts showed that the appIication of special controI ed reIease fertiIizer for rapeseeds avoids earIy decIine of rapeseed resuIting from fertiIizer Ioss by one-off appIication, improves the number of green Ieaf before winter, and extends photosynthetic Iifespan of pods, which significantIy increases yields. What＆#39; more, with higher output-input ratio, the fertiIizer takes ad-vantages in saving cost, Iabor and increasing yield.

改酸型有机肥在高山甘蓝上的应用效果研究

通过田间小区试验,验证了在配方施肥的基础上增施惠农乐商品有机肥在甘蓝上的适宜用量及增产效果。试验结果表明,惠农乐商品有机肥667 m^2用量由50 kg提高到400 kg,甘蓝产量增加64.4~440.0 kg/667 m^2,增幅在3.41%~23.28%,667 m^2净增收13.9~55.5元;667 m^2用量在200 kg以上,甘蓝产量与对照差异达显著水平;用二次回归方程计算的最高产量施用量及最佳用量分别为820、264 kg/667 m^2;667 m^2增施100 kg该有机肥可替减20%的化肥。该有机肥对培肥地力及改良酸性土壤皆有一定效果,但短期内效果不显著,需长期坚持多年连续施用。

Effects of Fertilization on Young Populus deltoids cv. Zhonghua Hongye Growth

Using complete and orthogonal design, fertilization trials were conducted for the young growth of Populus deltoids cv. Zhonghua hongye in the fluviogenic soil in Xindu District, Chengdu City. The results showed that the application ef- fect of the single nutrient elements ranked as K〉N〉P, and that of the fertilization combinations ranked as N＋P＋K〉N＋K〉N＋P, P＋K. The optimum fertilization formula was urea [（NH2）2CO, 150 g/plant] ＋ calcium superphosphate [Ca（H2PO4）2.H20, 220 g/plant] ＋ potassium sulphate （K2SO4, 75 g/plant）.

Analysis on Soil Nutrients and Formulated Fertilization Recommend of Rapeseed in Linxiang County,Yunnan Province

[Objective] The aim was to learn the soil nutrient status of the main rapeseed planting areas in Linxiang County,Yunnan Province,and propose full production potential of soil and fertilizer recommendations,thereby promoting local rapeseed production and income.[Method] The soil samples collected in field and tested in laboratory,with amount of fertilizer needed by rapeseed investigation were combined to calculate the formulated fertilization.[Result] Most of the soil organic matter and nutrient content of NPK were at the middle or higher level in the main rapeseed planting areas in Linxiang County.However,more than half of the soils were acidic or strongly acidic,and the soil p H maintained below 5.5.The shortage soil boron was more serious,the average content and nearly 60% of the sample of soil available boron were less than 0.5 mg/kg.[Conclusion] The formulated fertilization recommendations were identified as follows.To achieve the goal of 3 750 kg/hm^2240,150 and 75 kg/ha,if the application amount of manure was 15 000 kg/h,the total fertilizer N,P2O5,K2 O amount applied were separately 300,195 and 195 kg/hm^2.The chemical fertilizer N,P2O5,K2 O amount applied should be respectively 240,150 and 75 kg/hm^2,if the application amount of manure was 15 000 kg/hm^2.The nitrogen species of urea（containing N 46%）,causing weakest effect on soil acidification,was selected and applied about with 525 kg/hm^2.The alkaline calcium magnesium phosphate（P2O520%）,alternating superphosphate,was applied with about 750 kg/hm^2.Sulfuric acid potassium（K2O 50%） was applied with about 150 kg/hm^2.About 7.5kg/hm^2 borax was applied into soil as basal fertilizer,while spraying 7.5 kg/hm^2 fluid boron at the Bolting stag.

Characterization of Soil Available Nitrogen in the Major Vegetable Production Areas of Pearl River Delta,China

A macro scale survey was performed to investigate the content of soil available nitrogen (N) and its spatial distribution in the main vegetable production areas of the Pearl River Delta.Preliminary enrichment-deficient index of available N was then developed,which was a base for increasing fertilizer application efficiency and vegetable yield as well as for constructing soil testing and fertilizing formula.In general,most of the vegetable growth areas in Pearl River Delta were N-deficient or medium-N-deficient.There was 30%-62% increase in yield of Chinese cabbage on the N-deficient soil after application of N; when soil available N content was less than 145 mg/kg,the yield increased with application of N fertilizer at a rate of 60-70 kg/hm2.

Assessment of Cation Exchange Membrane Method and Estimation of Potassium Critical Values

Soil and tissue analyses are usually used in identifying potassium(K) deficiencies and predicting K fertilizer requirements of crops.The critical levels of both soil and fresh leaf tissue at seventh leaf stage were developed and assessed for canola,chickpea and sunflower grown on two Saskatchewan,soils,with six rates of K fertilizer supply, in a growth chamber experiment.The available potassium in soils was determined by two methods:1)resin strip extraction, and 2) NH4OAC extraction. The potassium in fresh leaves was determined at seventh leaf stage by a simple procedure using a common garlic press and injector to extract the plant sap and testing the sap with a handheld ion selection electrode meter. The results shoWed significant relationships between the resin strip extractable K and NH4OAC extractable K, and between the plant uptake of total K and the supply of available K in the soils determined by the two methods. Good relationships were also found between the potassium in fresh leaves and the plant uptake of total K for canola, chickpea and sunflower.The resin strip extraction for K was calibrated using common NH4OAC extraction, and recommended for routine analyses because of its simplicity and sensitivity.

Fuzzy Earthwork Dynamic Allocation and Optimization for Construction of High Concrete Face Rockfill Dam

Due to the complexity of earthwork allocation system for the construction of high concrete face rockfill dam,traditional allocation and planning are not able to function properly in the construction process with strong randomness.In this paper,the working mechanism of earthwork dynamic allocation system is analyzed comprehensively and a solution to fuzzy earthwork dynamic allocation is proposed on the basis of uncertain factors in the earthwork allocation of a hydropower project.Under the premise of actual situation and the experience of the construction site,an all-coefficient-fuzzy linear programming mathematical model with fuzzy parameters and constraints for earthwork allocation is established according to the structure unit weighted ranking criteria.In this way,the deficiency of certain allocation model can be overcome.The application results indicate that the proposed method is more rational compared with traditional earthwork allocation.

Effects of Different N, P and K Fertilizer Levels on Growing Characters and Yield of Corn

[Objective] To provide scientific guidance for corn production in Suijiang County of Yunnan Province, explore the best recommended fertilization of corn, and provide a scientific basis for formulating the formula fertilization of corn in Suijiang County. [Method] Through carrying out ＂3414＂ corn field fertilizer efficiency experiment in Suijiang County, with the help of ＂3414＂ field experiment design and data analysis management system＂ software, the ternary quadratic and one-variable quadratic fertilizer efficiency equations on corn yield were analyzed. [Result] The optimum fertilization scheme for corn in the region was as follows： when pure N, pure P2O5 and K2O were respectively 244.38, 58.75 and 107.38 kg/hm^2, the the obtained best yield of corn was 6 975.60 kg/hm^2, and the maximum benefit was 16 888.58RMB/hm^2. [Conclusion] The reasonable formula of N, P and K fertilizers can not only improve the yield of corn, but also increase economic benefit, having certain reference significance to the development of formula fertilization of corn in Suijiang County.

Effect of Different Fertilizer Formulations on Growth and Chlorophyll Content of Greenhouse Grown Macadamia Plants in a Micro Drip-Irrigation System

A greenhouse experiment was conducted at Mahidol University, Thailand from January to May 2009. Macadamia plants were planted in pots with mixed substrate of soil： sand： coconut-coir： rice-husk： charcoal; 3.0： 1.0： 0.5： 1.0, respectively. Micro drip-irrigation system was operated 10：00 to 16：00 h daily with a controller scheduled to pump 12 minutes at 12 intervals. The study showed that application of Enshi tablet （18 tablets/plant/year） in a drip-irrigation system enhances growth of Macadamia compared to the application of OsmocoteTM tablet, Modified-enshi and Enshi solution. Significant variation in chlorophyll （a ＋ b） content was observed in Enshi tablet treatment. Soil chemical analyses indicated that the nutrient content in Enshi tablet appeared low compared to other formulations but nutrient removal was considerably brought down by the system, which gives a balance between nutrient removals by crops and addition through fertilizers. Hence, application of Enshi tablet is suggested for Macadamia in a drip-irrigation system.

Optimization of construction scheme and supporting technology for HJS soft rock tunnel

For a soft rock tunnel under high stress in jointed and swell soft rock （HJS）, two construction schemes pilot-tunneling enlarging excavation and step-by-step excavation were optimized using FLAC20, and the deformation effects of the two construction schemes were verified by field tests. Based on engineer- ing geological investigation and mechanical analysis of large deformations, the complex deformation mechanisms of stress expansion and structural deformation of the soft rock tunnel were confirmed, and support countermeasures from the complex deformation mechanism converted to a single type were proposed, and the support parameters were optimized by field tests. These technologies were proved by engineering practice, which produced significant technical and economic benefits.

钟祥市油菜高产创建效果与措施

<正>1实施油菜高产创建的效果连续五年来,全市每年承担油菜万亩高产创建项目1~3片。通过项目的实施,取得了几个方面的成效。产量优势明显。按照农业部油菜万亩高产创建要求,全市每年都要组织专业技术人员对示范片田块进行产验收,五年的平均单产208.01kg/亩,比全市同期油菜籽单产增加48.01kg/亩,增产幅度达到30%。品质得到保证。示范片要求品种统一,选择单产高、品质优、适应能力强的品种。