输液浓配脱炭后加水抽滤对制剂质量的影响

大输液浓配活性炭吸附杂质，脱炭后脱炭过滤系统有残留药液，对制剂含量有一定影响。为了不影响制剂含量，常用水冲洗抽滤置换出残留药液。本文就用水冲洗抽滤置换出的残留药液，对制剂质量的影响进行探讨。

含葡萄糖输液配制工艺改进

采用高浓度的浓配方法配制葡萄糖输液;高浓度混合方法配制葡萄糖氯化钠输液。结果可以有效降低输液中不溶性微粒数量,特别是>5μm、>2μm的微粒数量,提高产品质量,有利于患者用药安全。

黑液多效蒸发的计算

通过物料衡算和热量衡算介绍了黑液在多效蒸发中配浓以及闪蒸的的计算方法。

多效蒸发的计算

主要介绍了多效蒸发中配浓,黒液闪蒸以及配浓和闪蒸联合的复杂流程的计算方法,另外还介绍了蒸发器操作周期的计算。

Assay of ghrelin concentration in infant formulas and breast milk

AIM: To test if total ghrelin is present in infant formulas. METHODS: Using a radioimmunoassay, we measured total ghrelin concentrations in 19 samples of commercial infant formulas and in 20 samples of human milk. We also determined ghrelin concentration in the serum of infants and lactating mothers. RESULTS: Ghrelin concentrations were significantly higher in artificial milk (2007.1 ± 1725.36 pg/mL) than in human milk (828.17 ± 323.32 pg/mL) (P = 0.005). The mean ghrelin concentration in infant serum (n = 56) was 1115.86 ± 42.89 pg/mL, and was significantly higher (P = 0.023) in formula-fed infants (1247.93 ± 328.07 pg/mL) than in breast-fed infants (1045.7 ± 263.38 pg/mL). The mean serum ghrelin concentration (mean ± SD) in lactating mothers (n = 20) was 1319.18 ± 140.18 pg/mL. CONCLUSION: This study provides evidence that total ghrelin is present in infant formulas. This findingraises diverse questions regarding the uptake, absorption and metabolic effects of this hormone.

Simultaneously Designing and Targeting for Networks with Multiple Resources of Different Qualities

This paper presents a new design procedure for the networks with multiple resources, such as hydrogen and water, of different qualities. The minimum consumption targets of the resources and pinch-causing sources can be identified as well during design. The objective of this work is to reduce the consumption of the resources with higher quality due to their higher cost. A few examples are investigated to show the proposed method. For a net-work of single resource with single contaminant, there is often only one pinch point for the resource. On the other hand, for a network of multiple resources with single contaminant, there might be a few different pinch points. Each resource might have its own pinch point, if its amount is sufficient. The contaminant concentration of the pinch-causing source for a resource with lower concentration will be below that of the higher-concentration resource(s).

Effect of Inoculants Mixture on Nutrient Uptake and Growth in Cucumber(Cucumis sativus L. ) Seedlings

[Objective]we checked the role of various proportion of three growth promoting bacteria to determine the optimum proportion with greater symbiosis in cucumber seedlings. [Method]Three strains of Rhodopseudomonas palustrisSH2,Bacillus megateriumSHⅡ3,Bacillus mucilaginosusSH1 were applied in this study. Cucumber were cultured in plastic pot,inoculating mixture with seven different proportion for 28 days. [Result]2:1:2 treatment had the strongest effect on N,P,K uptake and concentrations in the soils,on increasing enrich of Fe and Zn inroots and shoots and on plant height,stem diameter,dry weight,relative chlorophyll contents. Treatments of 1:1:2 and 1:1:1 were following ,while the weakest effect was given by 1:2:2,2:2:1 and 1:2:1 treatments. [Conclusion]2:1:2 is the optimum proportion of the three bacteria for nutrition uptake and growth of cucumber seedlings.

Investigation of condition-induced bubble size and distribution in electroflotation using a high-speed camera

In the flotation process, bubble is a key factor in studying bubble-particle interaction and fine particle flo- tation. Knowledge on size distribution of bubbles in a flotation system is highly important. In this study, bubble distributions in different reagent concentrations, electrolyte concentrations, cathode apertures, and current densities in electroflotation are determined using a high-speed camera. Average bubble sizes under different conditions are calculated using Image-Pro@ Plus （Media Cybernetics@, MD, USA） and SigmaScan@ Pro （Systat Software, CA, USA） software. Results indicate that the average sizes of bubbles, which were generated through 38, 50, 74, 150, 250, 420, and 1000 μm cathode apertures, are 20.2, 29.5, 44.6, 59.2, 68.7, 78.5, and 88.8 μm, respectively. The optimal current density in electroflotation is 20 A/m2. Reagent and electrolyte concentrations, current density, and cathode aperture are important factors in controlling bubble size and nucleation. These factors also contribute to the control of fine- Particle flotation.

Variation in carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus partitioning between above-and belowground biomass along a precipitation gradient at Tibetan Plateau

Precipitation is a potential factor that significantly affects plant nutrient pools by influencing biomass sizes and nutrient concentrations. However, few studies have explicitly dissected carbon(C), nitrogen(N) and phosphorus(P) pools between above- and belowground biomass at the community level along a precipitation gradient. We conducted a transect(approx. 1300 km long) study of Stipa purpurea community in alpine steppe on the Tibet Plateau of China to test the variation of N pool of aboveground biomass/N pool of belowground biomass(AB/BB N) and P pool of aboveground biomass/P pool of belowground biomass(AB/BB P) along a precipitation gradient. The proportion of aboveground biomass decreased significantly from mesic to drier sites. Along the belt transect, the plant N concentration was relatively stable; thus, AB/BB N increased with moisture due to the major influences by above- and belowground biomass allocation. However, P concentration of aboveground biomass decreased significantly with increasing precipitation and AB/BB P did not vary with aridity because of the offset effect of the P concentration and biomass allocation. Precipitation gradients do decouple the N and P pool of a S. purpurea community along a precipitation gradient in alpine steppe. The decreasing of N:P in aboveground biomass in drier regions may indicate much stronger N limitation in more arid area.

The components transitive regularity of three dosage forms of Liuwei Dihuang Fufang

Objective To explore the transitive regularity of holistic constituents from the crude slices of the medicinal raw materials(MCS)to the formula granules(FG),fufang decoction(FD),and finally,the concentrated pills(CP)of Liuwei Dihuang Fufang(六味地黄复方,LWDHF).Methods Samples for MCS,FG,FD,and CP of LWDHF were obtained,and a fingerprint data-base was established using high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC),by separating the samples in an XB-C18 column and analyzing the transitive regularity of components us-ing the total quantum statistical moment(TQSM),including total quantum zero moment(AUCT),total quantum first moment(MRTT),total quantum second moment(VRTT),and its similarity approach.The AUCT,MRTT,and VRTT were calculated based on the representative HPLC chromatograms of FG,FD,and CP of LWDHF.Results AUCT of FG,FD,and CP of LWDHF was 71804,46553,and 144646μV·s,respectively;MRTT was 14.43,14.54,and 18.85 min,respectively;and VRTT was 106.98,112.84,and 269.12 min2,respectively.Comparing the similarity of FG/FD,FG/CP and FD/CP of LWDHF,the TQSM similarity values were 98.66%,76.62%,and 75.37%,respectively,whereas the tradi-tional similarity evaluation values were 98.68%,85.43%,and 85.60%,respectively.Conclusion The results perform little distinction in the total composition between FG and FD,whereas some distinction existed between FD and CP.Experimental evidence,therefore indicates that FG could be used as the alternative of MCS in clinical applications.

Kinetics of the Mono-esterification Between Terephthalic Acid and 1,4-Butanediol

The chemical kinetics of the monoesterification between terephthalic acid(TPA)and 1,4-butanediol (BDO)catalyzed by a metallo-organic compound was studied using the initial rate method.The experiments were carried out in the temperature range of 463-483 K,and butylhydroxyoxo-stannane(BuSnOOH)and tetrabutyl titanate[Ti(OBu)4]were used as catalyst respectively.The initial rates of the reaction catalyzed by BuSnOOH or Ti(OBu)4 were measured at a series of initial concentrations of BDO(or TPA)with the concentration of TPA(or BDO)kept constant.The reaction orders of reagents were determined by the initial rate method.The results indicate that the reaction order for TPA is related with the species of catalyst and it is 2 and 0.7 for BuSnOOH and Ti(OBu)4 respectively.However,the order for BDO is the same 0.9 for the two catalysts.Furthermore,the effects of temperature and catalyst concentration are investigated,and the activation energies and the reaction rate constants for the two catalysts were determined.

FDS analysis of smoke spreading in the tunnel with flue under fire

Based on a new type of tunnel configuration model with flue in the top of it, the paper simulated the smoke pervasion when fire happens in this type of tunnel by FDS. The results show that the setting up of the flue outlet reduces the backing up distance of combustion smoke, and the distance of people fleeing is also shortened. But under this condition the smoke density inside and outside of the two flue outlet increases evidently. However, when the exhausted fans are designed at smoking outlet, the smoke movement is accelerated and almost moved into the upper space. This configuration makes the fire smoke density outside of the flue outlet reduced greatly. When the exhausted velocity increased up to a certain critical level, the smoke concentration outside of the flue outlet will reduce at the value which is no harmonious to people＇s life. This situation will offer a relatively safe space for people fleeing, and fire rescuing can also be carried out from two directions. Therefore, this tunnel configuration mentioned in this article give a new reference mode for personnel flee, fire rescuing and tunnel maintenance.

Characterization of Bovine and Ovine WPC Obtained by Different Membrane Configuration Processes

The objective of this stud）, was to valorize bovine and ovine cheese whey resulting from small and medium cheese manufacture plants, by producing liquid and dr）＂ whey protein concentrates （LWPC and WPC）. The flexibility implemented by batch ultrafiltration （UF） and diafiltration （DF） allowed for the production and ovine WPC with 61 -87% （dry basis）. Diatiltration, performed in of liquid bovine WPC with 43-66% protein contents （dry basis） sequential dilution mode （DFsdm） did not improve significantly the composition of WPC liquid products comparing to the results achieved by conventional UF. However, using DF in volume reduction mode （DFvrm） protein content was increased more than 20% comparing to conventional UF. Ovine products showed higher protein levels （62-84% dry basis） what makes their manufacture attractive. Protein profiles varied with the whey origin and with the concentration process. Using batch DFvrm was possible to obtain richer protein products free of low MW compounds.

Biosurfactant Production by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Yarrowia lipolytica and Its Use for Detergent Formulations

This work reports detergents production using biological surfactants, microbiologically synthesized, and compares its foaming power and emulsification capacity to those presented by a petroleum based surfactant. Both used microorganisms were capable to produce surfactants, been able to emulsify oil/water mixtures and cause decrease of surface tension of water. The biosurfactant produced from Yarrowia lipolytica has a critical micelle concentration lower than that obtained from Pseudomonas aeruginosa （10 and 30 mg·Lt, respectively）, but the later showed better results in foaming power and emulsification experiments, similar to the synthetic detergent.

Zinc Redistribution in a Soil Developed from Limestone During Pedogenesis

The long-term redistribution of Zn in a naturally Zn-enriched soil during pedogenesis was quantified based on mass balance calculations. According to their fate, parent limestones comprised three Zn pools: bound to calcite and pyritesphalerite grains, bound to phyllosilicates and bound to goethite in the inherited phosphate nodules. Four pedological processes, i.e., carbonate dissolution, two stages of redox processes and eluviation, redistributed Zn during pedogenesis. The carbonate dissolution of limestones released Zn bound to calcite into soil solution. Due to residual enrichment, Zn concentrations in the soil are higher than those in parent limestones. Birnessite, ferrihydrite and goethite dispersed in soil horizon trapped high quantities of Zn during their formation. Afterwards, primary redox conditions induced the release of Zn and Fe into soil solution, and the subsequent individualization of Fe and Mn into Zn-rich concretions. Both processes and subsequent aging of the concretions formed induced significant exportation of Zn through the bottom water table. Secondary redox conditions promoted the weathering of Fe and Mn oxides in cements and concretions. This process caused other losses of Zn through lateral exportation in an upper water table. Concomitantly, eluviation occurred at the top of the solum. The lateral exportation of eluviated minerals through the upper water table limited illuviation. Eluviation was also responsible for Zn loss, but this Zn bound to phyllosilicates was not bioavailable.

The Development of Undaria Pinnatifida Bean Curd

Using Undaria pinnatifida juice and soya bean as main material, glucono delta lactone （GDL） as coagulant, we produced light green and very nourishing Undaria pinnatifida bean curd. Using the single factor experiment to determine the quantity and concentration of Undaria pinnatifida juice milk, process conditions of coagulation is determined by three factors three levels experiment, the best formulation of Undaria pinnatifida tofu is determined by test of four factors and three levels, process conditions are： the addition of Undaria pinnatifida is 20%, soya-bean milk concentration is1：4.5, the amount of GDL is0.30%, solidification time is 15min, solidification temperature is 95 ℃.

Rapid Propagation of Virus-free Sugarcane Plantlets via Temporary Immersion Bioreactor System

By employing temporary immersion bioreactor system(TIBs),we studied virus-free culture of seedlings from sugarcane varieties ROC16 and ROC22,from medium recipe,inoculation amount,sucrose concentration,and variety difference. The results showed,using this method,that proliferation rate of ROC16 improved by 40 times,per flask generated about 800 plantlets; of ROC22 improved by 30 times,per flask generated about 400-600 plantlets. The results provided basis for using TIBs in rapid propagation of plantlets via tissue culture.

A New Method for Analyzing VOCs Emission from Dry Materials

An approximate integral method for volatile compounds emission from plate is presented in this paper. The gas-phase mass transfer resistance was neglected for simplifying computation. Compared to Laplace Transformation Method, the method suggested is simple, and emission flux, chamber concentration of volatile compounds and concentration distribution of volatile compounds in the material can be determined conveniently. Results of the present method show good agreement with experimental data. The influence of CO, D, K and N on concentration of total volatile organic compounds （TVOC） in the air is also calculated.