为充分挖掘综合能源微网(integrated energy microgrid, IEM)的潜在价值,促进可再生能源消纳,针对同一配电网下的多个IEM协同管理问题进行研究,提出了一种基于双层博弈的配电网-多IEM协同优化模型。对于IEM模型的构建,考虑在热电联产机...为充分挖掘综合能源微网(integrated energy microgrid, IEM)的潜在价值,促进可再生能源消纳,针对同一配电网下的多个IEM协同管理问题进行研究,提出了一种基于双层博弈的配电网-多IEM协同优化模型。对于IEM模型的构建,考虑在热电联产机组中加入碳捕集系统以及电转气装置,用来获取低碳效益。同时,针对IEM中可再生能源与负荷不确定性问题,采用鲁棒区间规划进行处理。首先,构建配电网运营商(distribution system operator,DSO)与IEM联盟系统模型框架,分析其不同主体间的博弈关系。其次,对于双层博弈,分为主从博弈与合作博弈。DSO作为博弈领导者,以自身效益最大为目标制定电价引导IEM联盟响应。IEM联盟作为博弈跟随者,以自身运行成本最小为目标,通过成员间互相合作能源共享响应DSO的决策。同时采用纳什谈判理论解决IEM联盟的合作运行问题,使用二分法与交替方向乘子法结合求解模型。最后,在算例中验证所提模型与方法的可行性和有效性。展开更多
竞争性售电市场快速发展,差异化可靠性服务前景广阔,但仍受信息不对称问题与“搭车”现象制约。为此,针对可靠性服务优先的配电网重构问题,搭建各市场主体间双层博弈模型。首先,基于最小路法定义了具有差异化与精准化特征的可靠性服务...竞争性售电市场快速发展,差异化可靠性服务前景广阔,但仍受信息不对称问题与“搭车”现象制约。为此,针对可靠性服务优先的配电网重构问题,搭建各市场主体间双层博弈模型。首先,基于最小路法定义了具有差异化与精准化特征的可靠性服务。其次,设计配电网运营商(distribution system operator,DSO)与可靠性服务聚合商(reliability service aggregator,RSA)的合同模式,分析DSO、RSA与用户三方的博弈关系。在上层主从博弈中,DSO为主方,RSA为从方,双方通过博弈实现各自效益,并确定重构策略与下层总费用;在下层合作博弈中,可用Shapley值法实现用户总费用的公平分配。在证明该双层博弈模型纳什均衡存在性前提下,采用分散迭代法可实现稳定求解。算例分析表明,所提方法在适当市场机制下,可精准保障停电时优先用户可靠供电,满足用户差异化的可靠性需求。展开更多
针对配电网与多微网系统(multi-microgrids,MMG)间的电能交互和能源协调问题,提出了一种配电网运营商(distribution system operator,DSO)设定电能交互价格的方法,以协调MMG系统的能量交易。构建了DSO与MMG的电能交易框架,分析了两者的...针对配电网与多微网系统(multi-microgrids,MMG)间的电能交互和能源协调问题,提出了一种配电网运营商(distribution system operator,DSO)设定电能交互价格的方法,以协调MMG系统的能量交易。构建了DSO与MMG的电能交易框架,分析了两者的主从博弈关系,并引进P2G与CCS联合装置(P2G-CCS)改进传统CHP机组,以降低碳排放;建立了基于Stackelberg理论的DSO与MMG主从博弈优化模型,通过上层DSO设定电能交互价格,引导下层MMG系统运行优化,使其对DSO的决策进行响应;利用二分法分布式优化算法结合CPLEX求解器对所建立模型进行求解。结果表明,该文提出的博弈模型有效地协调了MMG的优化运行,在碳排放方面,证明了CCS-P2G的引入,有效减少了微网运行过程中的碳排放量。展开更多
需求响应参与电力系统调节是发电侧调节的有效补充。为了充分挖掘需求侧资源调节潜力,考虑电网、配电系统运营商(distribution system operator,DSO)、负荷聚合商(load aggregator,LA)之间的互动关系及交易模式,设计了配电系统双层优化...需求响应参与电力系统调节是发电侧调节的有效补充。为了充分挖掘需求侧资源调节潜力,考虑电网、配电系统运营商(distribution system operator,DSO)、负荷聚合商(load aggregator,LA)之间的互动关系及交易模式,设计了配电系统双层优化模型,明确各主体在需求响应中的作用及交易对象。上层考虑DSO内部源荷储主体及LA的协调互动,以DSO利润最大化为目标进行配电系统优化调度;下层以聚合变频空调和电动汽车的LA利润最大化为目标,基于变频空调和电动汽车实际运行特性构建其需求响应模型,充分挖掘其调节潜力并制定负荷调节策略。在模型求解方面,通过Karush-Kuhn-Tucker条件和大M法将构建的双层优化问题转化为易求解的线性规划问题。算例结果表明:所提双层优化模型可以充分挖掘LA的调节潜力,减少向主网购电量,同时提高DSO和LA的收益。展开更多
In recent years, wireless communication systems have experienced tremendous growth in data traffic. Many capacity-enhancing techniques are applied to elevate the gap between the amount of traffic and network capacity,...In recent years, wireless communication systems have experienced tremendous growth in data traffic. Many capacity-enhancing techniques are applied to elevate the gap between the amount of traffic and network capacity, and more solutions are required to minimize the gap. Traffic allocation among multiple networks is regarded as one of the most effective methods to solve the problem. However, current studies are unable to derive the quantity of traffic that each network should carry. An intelligent traffic allocation algorithm for multiple networks is proposed to obtain the optimal traffic distribution. Multiple factors affecting traffic distribution are considered in the proposed algorithm, such as network coverage, network cost, user habit, service types, network capacity and terminals. Using evaluations, we proved that the proposed algorithm enables a lower network cost than load balancing schemes. A case study of strategy rmldng for a 2G system refarming is presented to further illustrate the applicability of the proposed algorithm. We demonstrated that the new algorithm could be applied in strategy rmldng for telecommunication operators.展开更多
The purpose of this article is to present an additional overloading assessment scheme to the current protection scheme, which can be applied in the low voltage distribution network to prevent overloading of network as...The purpose of this article is to present an additional overloading assessment scheme to the current protection scheme, which can be applied in the low voltage distribution network to prevent overloading of network assets. As higher penetration of distributed generators is envisioned among distribution networks, the network operators will have an challenging task in the future to maintain the reliability and quality of supply. The distribution networks are going to be challenged simultaneously by increasing penetration of distributed generators and by increasing loading （inter alia heat pumps, air conditioners or electric vehicles）, which will change the operational perspective of the future distribution networks. Presented simulation results show that the increasing penetration of those appliances can jeopardize the functionality of current protection scheme in distribution networks. Therefore, an additional scheme for assessment of network overloading applicable at low voltage distribution networks is proposed and the application of this scheme, supported by smart metering infrastructure, is demonstrated in a case study. The proposed overloading assessment scheme should help the network operators to increase the flexibility of distribution networks, their hosting capacity, safety and reliability.展开更多
文摘为充分挖掘综合能源微网(integrated energy microgrid, IEM)的潜在价值,促进可再生能源消纳,针对同一配电网下的多个IEM协同管理问题进行研究,提出了一种基于双层博弈的配电网-多IEM协同优化模型。对于IEM模型的构建,考虑在热电联产机组中加入碳捕集系统以及电转气装置,用来获取低碳效益。同时,针对IEM中可再生能源与负荷不确定性问题,采用鲁棒区间规划进行处理。首先,构建配电网运营商(distribution system operator,DSO)与IEM联盟系统模型框架,分析其不同主体间的博弈关系。其次,对于双层博弈,分为主从博弈与合作博弈。DSO作为博弈领导者,以自身效益最大为目标制定电价引导IEM联盟响应。IEM联盟作为博弈跟随者,以自身运行成本最小为目标,通过成员间互相合作能源共享响应DSO的决策。同时采用纳什谈判理论解决IEM联盟的合作运行问题,使用二分法与交替方向乘子法结合求解模型。最后,在算例中验证所提模型与方法的可行性和有效性。
文摘竞争性售电市场快速发展,差异化可靠性服务前景广阔,但仍受信息不对称问题与“搭车”现象制约。为此,针对可靠性服务优先的配电网重构问题,搭建各市场主体间双层博弈模型。首先,基于最小路法定义了具有差异化与精准化特征的可靠性服务。其次,设计配电网运营商(distribution system operator,DSO)与可靠性服务聚合商(reliability service aggregator,RSA)的合同模式,分析DSO、RSA与用户三方的博弈关系。在上层主从博弈中,DSO为主方,RSA为从方,双方通过博弈实现各自效益,并确定重构策略与下层总费用;在下层合作博弈中,可用Shapley值法实现用户总费用的公平分配。在证明该双层博弈模型纳什均衡存在性前提下,采用分散迭代法可实现稳定求解。算例分析表明,所提方法在适当市场机制下,可精准保障停电时优先用户可靠供电,满足用户差异化的可靠性需求。
文摘针对配电网与多微网系统(multi-microgrids,MMG)间的电能交互和能源协调问题,提出了一种配电网运营商(distribution system operator,DSO)设定电能交互价格的方法,以协调MMG系统的能量交易。构建了DSO与MMG的电能交易框架,分析了两者的主从博弈关系,并引进P2G与CCS联合装置(P2G-CCS)改进传统CHP机组,以降低碳排放;建立了基于Stackelberg理论的DSO与MMG主从博弈优化模型,通过上层DSO设定电能交互价格,引导下层MMG系统运行优化,使其对DSO的决策进行响应;利用二分法分布式优化算法结合CPLEX求解器对所建立模型进行求解。结果表明,该文提出的博弈模型有效地协调了MMG的优化运行,在碳排放方面,证明了CCS-P2G的引入,有效减少了微网运行过程中的碳排放量。
文摘需求响应参与电力系统调节是发电侧调节的有效补充。为了充分挖掘需求侧资源调节潜力,考虑电网、配电系统运营商(distribution system operator,DSO)、负荷聚合商(load aggregator,LA)之间的互动关系及交易模式,设计了配电系统双层优化模型,明确各主体在需求响应中的作用及交易对象。上层考虑DSO内部源荷储主体及LA的协调互动,以DSO利润最大化为目标进行配电系统优化调度;下层以聚合变频空调和电动汽车的LA利润最大化为目标,基于变频空调和电动汽车实际运行特性构建其需求响应模型,充分挖掘其调节潜力并制定负荷调节策略。在模型求解方面,通过Karush-Kuhn-Tucker条件和大M法将构建的双层优化问题转化为易求解的线性规划问题。算例结果表明:所提双层优化模型可以充分挖掘LA的调节潜力,减少向主网购电量,同时提高DSO和LA的收益。
基金supported partially by the National Science and Technology Major Projects under Grants No. 2012ZX03006003-005,No. 2012ZX03003006-002,and No. 2010ZX03002-008-01
文摘In recent years, wireless communication systems have experienced tremendous growth in data traffic. Many capacity-enhancing techniques are applied to elevate the gap between the amount of traffic and network capacity, and more solutions are required to minimize the gap. Traffic allocation among multiple networks is regarded as one of the most effective methods to solve the problem. However, current studies are unable to derive the quantity of traffic that each network should carry. An intelligent traffic allocation algorithm for multiple networks is proposed to obtain the optimal traffic distribution. Multiple factors affecting traffic distribution are considered in the proposed algorithm, such as network coverage, network cost, user habit, service types, network capacity and terminals. Using evaluations, we proved that the proposed algorithm enables a lower network cost than load balancing schemes. A case study of strategy rmldng for a 2G system refarming is presented to further illustrate the applicability of the proposed algorithm. We demonstrated that the new algorithm could be applied in strategy rmldng for telecommunication operators.
文摘The purpose of this article is to present an additional overloading assessment scheme to the current protection scheme, which can be applied in the low voltage distribution network to prevent overloading of network assets. As higher penetration of distributed generators is envisioned among distribution networks, the network operators will have an challenging task in the future to maintain the reliability and quality of supply. The distribution networks are going to be challenged simultaneously by increasing penetration of distributed generators and by increasing loading （inter alia heat pumps, air conditioners or electric vehicles）, which will change the operational perspective of the future distribution networks. Presented simulation results show that the increasing penetration of those appliances can jeopardize the functionality of current protection scheme in distribution networks. Therefore, an additional scheme for assessment of network overloading applicable at low voltage distribution networks is proposed and the application of this scheme, supported by smart metering infrastructure, is demonstrated in a case study. The proposed overloading assessment scheme should help the network operators to increase the flexibility of distribution networks, their hosting capacity, safety and reliability.
