Studying gonadal development of annual cycle can reveal the process of gametogenesis and reproductive period, and evaluate fertility and source utilization of a species. Host sea anemones are conspicuous members of tr...Studying gonadal development of annual cycle can reveal the process of gametogenesis and reproductive period, and evaluate fertility and source utilization of a species. Host sea anemones are conspicuous members of tropical and subtropical reef ecosystems, but little is known about its biology including reproductive seasonality. Here we reported a one-year study on the gametogenesis and reproduction of host sea anemone(Entacmaea quadricolor) inhabiting Hong Kong waters. E. quadricolor tissues were sampled in 12 occasions from 5 m and 15 m depths of water, respectively. Histological sectioning of the tissues showed that E. quadricolor was dioecious, and populational ratio of female to male was 1:1.6. The gonadal development was asynchronous within an annual cycle, which included proliferating, growing, maturing, spawning, and resting stages. The spawning occurred between August and October when surface seawater temperature reached the annual maximum(28℃), suggesting that temperature is an important factor modulating the gonadal development and mature of E. quadricolor.展开更多
At room temperature, the reaction of Cd(NO3)24H2O and anisic acid in an ethanol solution affords the cadmium (Ⅱ) complex [Cd(H2O)(CH3OC6H4COO)2]n. The crystal is of monoclinic, empirical formula C16H16O7Cd, Mr = 432....At room temperature, the reaction of Cd(NO3)24H2O and anisic acid in an ethanol solution affords the cadmium (Ⅱ) complex [Cd(H2O)(CH3OC6H4COO)2]n. The crystal is of monoclinic, empirical formula C16H16O7Cd, Mr = 432.69, space group C2/c with parameters: a = 34.211(2), b = 6.030(2), c = 7.611(3) ? = 95.619(5)? V = 1562.5(9) ?, Z = 4, Dc = 1.831 g/cm3, = 1.434 mm-1, F(000) = 856, R = 0.0215 and wR = 0.0456. 1121 reflections with I ≥ 2s(I) were considered to be observed. Each cadmium atom is seven-coordinate in a distorted pentagonal bipyramidal geometry. The Cd (Ⅱ) center is doubly bridged with the neighboring Cd centers by anisate ligands to form a four-membered ring with a repeating unit of CdOCdO-. The extended structure and hydrogen-bonding patterns displayed in the complex were studied.展开更多
Ionic liquids can replace conventional solvents in aromatic/aliphatic extractions, if they have higher aromatic distribution coef- ficients and higher or similar aromatic/aliphatic selectivities. Also physical propert...Ionic liquids can replace conventional solvents in aromatic/aliphatic extractions, if they have higher aromatic distribution coef- ficients and higher or similar aromatic/aliphatic selectivities. Also physical properties, such as density and viscosity, must be taken into account if a solvent is applied in an industrial extraction process. Cyano-containing ionic liquids have a lower den- sity than the benchmark solvent sulfolane and a higher viscosity. Sulfolane is from a hydrodynamic point of view a better sol- vent than ionic liquids for the aromatic/aliphatic extraction. The most suitable ionic liquids for the extraction of aromatic hy- drocarbons from a mixture of aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons are [bmim]C(CN)3, [3-mebupy]N(CN)2, [3-mebupy]C(CN)3, [3-mebupy]B(CN)4 and [mebupyrr]B(CN)4. They have factors of 1.2-2.3 higher mass-based distribution coefficients than sul- folane and a similar or higher, up to a factor of 1.9 higher, aromatic/aliphatic selectivity than sulfolane. The IL [3-mebupy]N(CN)2 is a better extractant for the separation of toluene from a mixture of toluene/n-heptane in a pilot plant Ro- tating Disc Contactor (RDC) than sulfolane.展开更多
基金supported by Environment and Conservation Fund, Hong Kong (Project number: ECF 2009/29)
文摘Studying gonadal development of annual cycle can reveal the process of gametogenesis and reproductive period, and evaluate fertility and source utilization of a species. Host sea anemones are conspicuous members of tropical and subtropical reef ecosystems, but little is known about its biology including reproductive seasonality. Here we reported a one-year study on the gametogenesis and reproduction of host sea anemone(Entacmaea quadricolor) inhabiting Hong Kong waters. E. quadricolor tissues were sampled in 12 occasions from 5 m and 15 m depths of water, respectively. Histological sectioning of the tissues showed that E. quadricolor was dioecious, and populational ratio of female to male was 1:1.6. The gonadal development was asynchronous within an annual cycle, which included proliferating, growing, maturing, spawning, and resting stages. The spawning occurred between August and October when surface seawater temperature reached the annual maximum(28℃), suggesting that temperature is an important factor modulating the gonadal development and mature of E. quadricolor.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No: 29961002) Natural Science Foundation of Yunnan Province (No: 1999B0003M)
文摘At room temperature, the reaction of Cd(NO3)24H2O and anisic acid in an ethanol solution affords the cadmium (Ⅱ) complex [Cd(H2O)(CH3OC6H4COO)2]n. The crystal is of monoclinic, empirical formula C16H16O7Cd, Mr = 432.69, space group C2/c with parameters: a = 34.211(2), b = 6.030(2), c = 7.611(3) ? = 95.619(5)? V = 1562.5(9) ?, Z = 4, Dc = 1.831 g/cm3, = 1.434 mm-1, F(000) = 856, R = 0.0215 and wR = 0.0456. 1121 reflections with I ≥ 2s(I) were considered to be observed. Each cadmium atom is seven-coordinate in a distorted pentagonal bipyramidal geometry. The Cd (Ⅱ) center is doubly bridged with the neighboring Cd centers by anisate ligands to form a four-membered ring with a repeating unit of CdOCdO-. The extended structure and hydrogen-bonding patterns displayed in the complex were studied.
文摘Ionic liquids can replace conventional solvents in aromatic/aliphatic extractions, if they have higher aromatic distribution coef- ficients and higher or similar aromatic/aliphatic selectivities. Also physical properties, such as density and viscosity, must be taken into account if a solvent is applied in an industrial extraction process. Cyano-containing ionic liquids have a lower den- sity than the benchmark solvent sulfolane and a higher viscosity. Sulfolane is from a hydrodynamic point of view a better sol- vent than ionic liquids for the aromatic/aliphatic extraction. The most suitable ionic liquids for the extraction of aromatic hy- drocarbons from a mixture of aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons are [bmim]C(CN)3, [3-mebupy]N(CN)2, [3-mebupy]C(CN)3, [3-mebupy]B(CN)4 and [mebupyrr]B(CN)4. They have factors of 1.2-2.3 higher mass-based distribution coefficients than sul- folane and a similar or higher, up to a factor of 1.9 higher, aromatic/aliphatic selectivity than sulfolane. The IL [3-mebupy]N(CN)2 is a better extractant for the separation of toluene from a mixture of toluene/n-heptane in a pilot plant Ro- tating Disc Contactor (RDC) than sulfolane.
