2018年4月,欧洲肝脏研究学会(European Association for the Study of the Liver,EASL)更新了《欧洲肝脏研究学会临床实践指南:酒精相关性肝病管理》(简称指南)。指南调整了酒精相关性肝病的命名,强调从公共卫生政策上加强酒精饮料的管...2018年4月,欧洲肝脏研究学会(European Association for the Study of the Liver,EASL)更新了《欧洲肝脏研究学会临床实践指南:酒精相关性肝病管理》(简称指南)。指南调整了酒精相关性肝病的命名,强调从公共卫生政策上加强酒精饮料的管理,并建议采用美国精神病学学会标准进行酒精使用障碍的诊断,对酒精使用障碍进行药物联合简短干预治疗。指南进一步规范了酒精相关性肝病尤其是酒精性肝炎的治疗,建议激素联合N-乙酰半胱氨酸用于重症酒精性肝炎治疗,对于酒精相关性肝病患者肝移植,指南建议不再将戒酒6个月作为必需标准。指南相关内容对于我国酒精性肝病诊疗有重要参考价值。展开更多
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is the most common chronic liver disease,defined by several phases,ranging from benign fat accumulation to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH),which can lead to liver cancer and...Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is the most common chronic liver disease,defined by several phases,ranging from benign fat accumulation to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH),which can lead to liver cancer and cirrhosis.Although NAFLD is a disease of disordered metabolism,it also involves several immune cell-mediated inflammatory processes,either promoting and/or suppressing hepatocyte inflammation through the secretion of pro-inflammatory and/or anti-inflammatory factors to influence the NAFLD process.However,the underlying disease mechanism and the role of immune cells in NAFLD are still under investigation,leaving many open-ended questions.In this review,we presented the recent concepts about the interplay of immune cells in the onset and pathogenesis of NAFLD.We also highlighted the specific non-immune cells exhibiting immunological properties of therapeutic significance in NAFLD.We hope that this review will help guide the development of future NAFLD therapeutics.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship between genetic polymorphisms of the ethanol metabolizing enzymes and the occurrence of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). METHODS: Sixty-five healthy male controls and 165 alcoholis...OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship between genetic polymorphisms of the ethanol metabolizing enzymes and the occurrence of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). METHODS: Sixty-five healthy male controls and 165 alcoholisms (including 122 ALD patients and 43 male alcohol abusers without liver complications defined as alcohol-dependent) were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction and hybridized with oligonucleotide microarray to detect the polymorphisms of the ethanol metabolizing enzymes genes. RESULTS: The frequencies of alcohol dehydrogenase gene 2 * 1 ( ADH2 * 1 ) allele were shown as 37.69%, 46.51% and 59.02% in control, alcohol-dependent and ALD groups respectively; while those of ADH2 * 2 allele were shown as 62.31 %, 53.49% and 40.98% respectively. No ADH2 * 3 was detected in any of the subjects. The frequency of ADH2 * 1 was significantly higher in alcoholisms (ALD group and alcohol-dependent group) than in healthy controls ( P展开更多
Metabolic disorders are classified clinically as a complex and varied group of diseases including metabolic syndrome,obesity,and diabetes mellitus.Fat toxicity,chronic inflammation,and oxidative stress,which may chang...Metabolic disorders are classified clinically as a complex and varied group of diseases including metabolic syndrome,obesity,and diabetes mellitus.Fat toxicity,chronic inflammation,and oxidative stress,which may change cellular functions,are considered to play an essential role in the pathogenetic progress of metabolic disorders.Recent studies have found that cells secrete nanoscale vesicles containing proteins,lipids,nucleic acids,and membrane receptors,which mediate signal transduction and material transport to neighboring and distant cells.Exosomes,one type of such vesicles,are reported to participate in multiple pathological processes including tumor metastasis,atherosclerosis,chronic inflammation,and insulin resistance.Research on exosomes has focused mainly on the proteins they contain,but recently the function of exosome-associated microR NA has drawn a lot of attention.Exosomeassociated microR NAs regulate the physiological function and pathological processes of metabolic disorders.They may also be useful as novel diagnostics and therapeutics given their special features of non-immunogenicity and quick extraction.In this paper,we summarize the structure,content,and functions of exosomes and the potential diagnostic and therapeutic applications of exosome-associated micro RNAs in the treatment of metabolic disorders.展开更多
文摘2018年4月,欧洲肝脏研究学会(European Association for the Study of the Liver,EASL)更新了《欧洲肝脏研究学会临床实践指南:酒精相关性肝病管理》(简称指南)。指南调整了酒精相关性肝病的命名,强调从公共卫生政策上加强酒精饮料的管理,并建议采用美国精神病学学会标准进行酒精使用障碍的诊断,对酒精使用障碍进行药物联合简短干预治疗。指南进一步规范了酒精相关性肝病尤其是酒精性肝炎的治疗,建议激素联合N-乙酰半胱氨酸用于重症酒精性肝炎治疗,对于酒精相关性肝病患者肝移植,指南建议不再将戒酒6个月作为必需标准。指南相关内容对于我国酒精性肝病诊疗有重要参考价值。
文摘Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is the most common chronic liver disease,defined by several phases,ranging from benign fat accumulation to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH),which can lead to liver cancer and cirrhosis.Although NAFLD is a disease of disordered metabolism,it also involves several immune cell-mediated inflammatory processes,either promoting and/or suppressing hepatocyte inflammation through the secretion of pro-inflammatory and/or anti-inflammatory factors to influence the NAFLD process.However,the underlying disease mechanism and the role of immune cells in NAFLD are still under investigation,leaving many open-ended questions.In this review,we presented the recent concepts about the interplay of immune cells in the onset and pathogenesis of NAFLD.We also highlighted the specific non-immune cells exhibiting immunological properties of therapeutic significance in NAFLD.We hope that this review will help guide the development of future NAFLD therapeutics.
文摘OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship between genetic polymorphisms of the ethanol metabolizing enzymes and the occurrence of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). METHODS: Sixty-five healthy male controls and 165 alcoholisms (including 122 ALD patients and 43 male alcohol abusers without liver complications defined as alcohol-dependent) were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction and hybridized with oligonucleotide microarray to detect the polymorphisms of the ethanol metabolizing enzymes genes. RESULTS: The frequencies of alcohol dehydrogenase gene 2 * 1 ( ADH2 * 1 ) allele were shown as 37.69%, 46.51% and 59.02% in control, alcohol-dependent and ALD groups respectively; while those of ADH2 * 2 allele were shown as 62.31 %, 53.49% and 40.98% respectively. No ADH2 * 3 was detected in any of the subjects. The frequency of ADH2 * 1 was significantly higher in alcoholisms (ALD group and alcohol-dependent group) than in healthy controls ( P
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81230018,81430020,81270869,81670796,and 81500595)
文摘Metabolic disorders are classified clinically as a complex and varied group of diseases including metabolic syndrome,obesity,and diabetes mellitus.Fat toxicity,chronic inflammation,and oxidative stress,which may change cellular functions,are considered to play an essential role in the pathogenetic progress of metabolic disorders.Recent studies have found that cells secrete nanoscale vesicles containing proteins,lipids,nucleic acids,and membrane receptors,which mediate signal transduction and material transport to neighboring and distant cells.Exosomes,one type of such vesicles,are reported to participate in multiple pathological processes including tumor metastasis,atherosclerosis,chronic inflammation,and insulin resistance.Research on exosomes has focused mainly on the proteins they contain,but recently the function of exosome-associated microR NA has drawn a lot of attention.Exosomeassociated microR NAs regulate the physiological function and pathological processes of metabolic disorders.They may also be useful as novel diagnostics and therapeutics given their special features of non-immunogenicity and quick extraction.In this paper,we summarize the structure,content,and functions of exosomes and the potential diagnostic and therapeutic applications of exosome-associated micro RNAs in the treatment of metabolic disorders.
