蒙旦蜡化学组成的研究 Ⅳ酯中酸

用阴离子树脂交换色谱法从蒙旦蜡中分离出酯中酸(Acids in esters)SLCWEA,SLOWEA,XDCWEA,XDOWEA。经重氮甲烷(CH_2N_2)酯化。GC 和 GC/MS 分析表明,SLCWEA 和 SLOWEA 正构一元烷酸分布为C_(20)—C_(34),XDCWEA 和 XDOWEA C_(18)—C_(34)。正构一元烷酸在酯中酸的含量为:SLCWEA 45.77%,SLOWEA 51.69%,XDCWEA 38.22%,XDOWEA49.17%。在纯蜡中的百分含量为:SLCWEA12.72,SLOWEA13.34;XDCWEA15.17,XDOWEA11.53。它们都有着比游离酸更复杂的结构和组成。

气相色谱法测定中、长链脂肪乳注射液中大豆油和中链甘油三酸酯含量的不确定度评定

建立气相色谱法测定中、长链脂肪乳注射液中大豆油和中链甘油三酸酯含量的不确定度评定方法。建立数学模型,分析气相色谱法测定中、长链脂肪乳注射液中大豆油和中链甘油三酸酯含量的不确定度来源及影响因素,对各不确定度分量进行评价,计算合成标准不确定度及扩展不确定度。当大豆油质量分数为9.63%时,其扩展不确定度为0.10%(k=2)。当中链甘油三酸酯质量分数为10.00%时,其扩展不确定度为0.11%(k=2)。气相色谱法测定中、长链脂肪乳注射液中大豆油和中链甘油三酸酯含量的不确定度主要来源于对照品和样品溶液制备过程。该不确定度评定为实验过程的控制和测定结果的评估提供了参考,有利于保证该类药品的质量控制水平和检验结果的准确性。

微生物合成中链聚羟基烷酸酯研究进展

某些微生物细胞在特定营养限制的条件下会产生聚羟基烷酸酯作为碳源储备。和短链聚羟基烷酸酯(PHB)一样 ,中链聚羟基烷酸酯由于具有更优良的性能、更高的附加值和更广泛的用途而受到人们的关注 ;此外 ,中链聚羟基烷酸酯还可以被人工合成为具有功能性侧链的半合成高聚物 ,并因此能够具有更好的弹性和更理想的结晶性能等优点 ,从而成为近年来对环境友好的生物可降解材料的研究重点。在能够合成中链聚羟基烷酸酯的微生物中 ,食油假单胞菌是最典型 ,也是研究得最多的一种。本文对由食油假单胞菌合成中链聚羟基烷酸酯的特点、代谢机制、发挥过程等内容进行了综述 。

中链甘油三酸酯与高密度聚乙烯瓶的相容性

目的研究中链甘油三酸酯装入高密度聚乙烯瓶后,两者是否具有相容性。方法建立高密度聚乙烯瓶的提取研究方法,并鉴定提取物成分,对中链甘油三酸酯和高密度聚乙烯瓶的相互作用进行研究,包括迁移研究,检测中链甘油三酸酯中是否有可提取物;吸附研究,检测中链甘油三酸酯的酸值、碘值、过氧化物和脂肪酸组成。结果用高密度聚乙烯瓶包装3批中链甘油三酸酯,药品质量未受影响,中链甘油三酸酯和高密度聚乙烯瓶具有相容性。结论中链甘油三酸酯和高密度聚乙烯瓶具有相容性。

微波消解-ICP-MS法测定中链甘油三酸酯中铜、铅、铬、镍、锡

为满足国家药品安全的限量要求,采用微波消解法对中链甘油三酸酯（MCT）进行前处理,建立了电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP-MS）测定MCT中痕量有害元素铜、铅、铬、镍、锡的方法,并对测定条件进行了优化.结果表明：各元素在0～30 μg/L范围内线性良好,相关系数r在0.999 4～0.999 9之间,方法检出限为0.013～0.057 μg/kg,相对标准偏差为1.2％～6.7％;对各元素进行3个不同浓度水平下的加标回收率实验,平均回收率为94.0％～110.0％.使用该方法测定国家标准物质鸡肉GBW10018中的痕量有害元素,测定结果与标准值无显著差异.

气相色谱法测定中/长链脂肪乳注射液中中链甘油三酸酯的含量

目的 :建立气相色谱测定中 /长链脂肪乳注射液中的中链甘油三酸酯含量的方法。方法 :以壬酸甲酯为内标 ,正己烷为溶剂 ,用石英毛细管色谱柱 30m× 0 .53mm× 1 .0 μm ,聚乙二醇 (2 0mol/L) -PEG(2 0mol/L)为固定相 ,载气为高纯氮 ,氢离子火焰检测器 ,柱温采用程序升温 ,进样口温度 2 50℃ ,检测器温度为 2 50℃。结果 :辛酸甲酯和癸酸甲酯在 0 .1 2 5～ 1 .0 μg浓度范围内 ,相应峰面积与内标峰面积之比值与浓度均呈良好的线性关系 (r =0 .9999)。中链甘油三酸酯的平均回收率为 99.2 % (n =1 0 ) ,RSD=0 90 %。结论 :此法精密度高、重复性好、结果可靠 ,可作为制剂的含量测定方法。

HPLC-ELSD法测定中/长链脂肪乳注射液中大豆油和中链甘油三酸酯的含量

目的 :采用高效液相色谱 -蒸发激光散射检测法 (HPLC ELSD)直接测定中 /长链脂肪乳注射液中大豆油和中链甘油三酸酯的含量。方法 :AlltimaSilica色谱柱 ,以正己烷 -异丙醇 -冰乙酸为流动相 ,蒸发激光散射检测器检测。结果 :定量测定的大豆油和中链甘油三酸酯在线性范围内 ,两组分峰面积的自然对数分别与相应浓度的自然对数呈良好线性关系。相关系数分别为r =0 .9998和r =0 .9999。结论 :本方法准确、快捷、方便 ,是直接测定中

HPLC-RID法测定丙泊酚中/长链脂肪乳注射液中4种中链甘油三酸酯含量

目的:建立高效液相色谱-示差折光检测法(HPLC-RID)同时测定丙泊酚中/长链脂肪乳注射液中4种中链甘油三酸酯含量。方法:采用GC法,对丙泊酚乳状注射液中辅料中链油结构中侧链的成分分析,推导出中链油的4种组分结构,然后采用Agilent Zorbax C_(18)(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)色谱柱,以甲醇-四氢呋喃-0.1 mol·L^(-1)乙酸铵(94∶2.5∶3.5)为流动相,流速1.0 ml·min^(-1),柱温35℃;示差折光检测器检测,对比各已知组分(三辛酸甘油酯、三癸酸甘油酯、中链甘油三酸酯)在示差检测器上的响应差异,推测未知组分响应,从而实现对复杂组成中链甘油三酸酯的4种组分的定量分析,并开展方法学验证。结果:推导出中链甘油三酸酯的4种组成成分,并以三辛酸甘油酯作为外标对照品,方法学验证各项内容均符合要求。线性范围为1.00~6.97 mg·ml^(-1)(r=0.9998),在此范围可准确定量中链甘油三酸酯中的4种甘油三酸酯的含量。结论:本方法准确、快捷、方便,可实现同时直接测定丙泊酚中/长链脂肪乳注射液中4种甘油三酸酯含量。

中/长链脂肪乳注射液制备工艺研究

目的 :探讨中 /长链脂肪乳注射液和制备工艺。方法 :用正交试验法选用L9( 34 )正交表优选工艺条件。结果 :制备的样品2 5℃放置 18个月各项指标符合规定。结论 :制备工艺可行。

中链甘油三酸酯的鉴别及含量测定

目的测定中链甘油三酸酯中脂肪酸的组成和含量。方法采用化学鉴别法、GC法鉴别中链甘油三酸酯；采用GC法测定甲酯化后的中链甘油三酸酯中辛酸与癸酸的含量。结果中链甘油三酸酯中主要含有辛酸和癸酸两种脂肪酸，辛酸甲酯0．25～4mg·mL^-1（r=0．9998）、癸酸甲酯0．2～3．2mg·mL^-1（r=0．9998）与峰面积呈良好的线性关系，平均回收率分别为99．1％±0．02％（RSD=1．6％）、99．4％±0．02％（RSD=1．6％）（n=9）。结论所用方法操作简便，灵敏度高，可用于中链甘油三酸酯的鉴别及其脂肪酸的含量测定。

Triterpenoids from Rubus buergeri

A new triterpenoid, methyl buergericate (12a), which was elucidated as 2 alpha, 3 alpha, 19 alpha, 24-tetrahydroxyl olean-12-en-28-oic acid methyl ester by spectroscopic methods, together with eleven known triterpenoids was isolated from Rubus buergeri Miq. The isolation of the above chemical constituents from this plant was reported for the first time.

结构脂肪──未来的脂肪

结构脂肪是中链甘油三酸酯与长链甘油三酸酯相互酯交换的产物。近几年来的研究表明，它在营养和治疗疾病方面的功用明显地优于以上两种脂肪的物理混合物。因此，我们可以利用各种不同脂肪酸的有益方面，来加工出具有最佳特性及最小危害的结构脂肪来满足未来消费者的需求。

Experimental study on therapy of ultraviolet blood irradiation and oxygenation in acute soman intoxication in rabbits

Objective:To study the therapy effect of ultraviolet blood irradiation and oxygenation （UBIO） on blood AChe activity and lung injury due to acute soman intoxication in rabbits. Methods:Forty rabbits were randomly divided into 4 groups: normal control group, intoxication group, routine therapy group and UBIO therapy group. Blood AChe activity and artery blood gas were analyzed 2 h after intoxication. ACP and AKP activities in BALF were determined respectively. Results:Blood AChe activity in intoxication group was lower than that in normal control group （P<0.05）. BALF ACP and AKP activities in intoxication group were higher than that in normal control group. Blood AChe activities in UBIO therapy group increased and were higher than that in intoxication and routine therapy groups. Compared with intoxication group, BALF ACP and AKP activities were decreased （P<0.05） in UBIO therapy group, while artery blood pH, PaO2 and SaO2 increased （P<0.05）. Conclusion: UBIO therapy can elevate blood AChe activity and alleviate lung injury induced by soman intoxication. So it may be a new way to treat acute soman intoxication.

Optimization of Wax Esters Production from Palm Fatty Acid Distillate and Oleyl Alcohol over Amberlyst 15

Wax esters were derived from long chain fatty acids and long chain alcohols with chain length of 12 carbons or more. These compounds have many potential applications in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and food industries. The present work focuses on the synthesis of wax esters using palm fatty acid distillate and oleyl alcohol catalyzed by Amberlyst 15. Response surface methodology （RSM） based on a five-level, three-variable central composite design （CCD） was used to evaluate the interactive effects of synthesis, of amount of Amberlyst 15 catalyst （21.6-38.4% w/w）, reaction time （18-102 min） and molar ratio （palm fatty acid distillate to oleyl alcohol, 1：1.16-1：2.84） on the percentage conversion of palm fatty acid distillate. The optimum conditions derived via RSM were： amount of catalyst 33% w/w, reaction time 95 minute and palm fatty acid to oleyl alcohol molar ratio 1：2.7. The actual experimental conversion was 81.52% under optimum condition, which compared well to the maximum predicted value of 80.50%. Analysis of the yield showed that at optimum condition, 80.54% wax esters were produced.

Impact of environmental and dietary factors on the course of inflammatory bowel disease

Besides their possible effects on the development of inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),some environmental factors can modulate the clinical course of both ulcerative colitis(UC) and Crohn's disease(CD).This review is mainly devoted to describing the current knowledge of the impact of some of these factors on the outcome of IBD,with special emphasis on smoking and diet.Although the impact of smoking on the susceptibility to develop CD and UC is firmly established,its influence on the clinical course of both diseases is still debatable.In CD,active smoking is a risk factor for postoperative recurrence.Beyond this clinical setting,smoking cessation seems to be advantageous in those CD patients who were smokers at disease diagnosis,while smoking resumption may be of benefit in ex-smokers with resistant UC.The role of dietary habits on the development of IBD is far from being well established.Also,food intolerances are very frequent,but usually inconsistent among IBD patients,and therefore no general dietary recommendations can be made in these patients.In general,IBD patients should eat a diet as varied as possible.Regarding the possible therapeutic role of some dietary components in IBD,lessons should be drawn from the investigation of the primary therapeutic effect of enteral nutrition in CD.Low-fat diets seem to be particularly useful.Also,some lipid sources,such as olive oil,medium-chain triglycerides,and perhaps omega-3 fatty acids,might have a therapeutic effect.Fermentable fiber may have a role in preventing relapses in inactive UC.

Efficient synthesis of 1,6-hexamethylene diurethane through coupling transesterification and methoxycarbonylation with methyl phenyl carbonate as intermediate

A reaction coupling system of transesterification and methoxycarbonylation with methyl phenyl carbonate （MPC） as intermediate was established to efficiently prepare 1,6-hexamethylene diurethane （HDU） from 1,6- bexametbylene diamine （HDA）. The feasibility of the system was explored using the thermodynamics analysis, the reaction mechanism and the experiment results. The optimal reaction was carried out to get higher HDU yield. The thermodynamic analysis showed that the metboxycarbonylation of HDA with MPC, the Gibbs free energy of which was negative, was a spontaneous process. Furthermore, the equilibrium constant of the methoxycarbonylation of HDA with MPC was much greater than that of the transesterification of dimethyl carbonate （DMC） with phenol, so the reaction coupling could be realized under mild conditions. The reaction mechanism analysis indicated that phenoxy anion was the key spedes for reaction coupling. Higher MPC concentration was detected when sodium phenoxide was used as transesterification reactant with DMC, since the phenoxy anion of sodium phenoxide could be dissociated more easily. Sodium pbenoxide was more suitable to prepare HHDU through reaction coupling. A yield of HDU as high as 98.3% could be reached under the optimal conditions of mPhONa/mDMC = 0.027 and nDMC/nHDa = 8/1 at 90 ℃ in 2 h.

高深氯化钠羟乙基淡粉40注射液与中长链脂肪乳注射液（C6—24）存在配伍禁忌

高深氯化钠羟乙基淡粉40注射液（商品名霍姆）为复方制剂，主要成分为氯化钠及羟乙基淡粉40，辅料为注射用水。在临床中主要用于失血性休克患者血容量的扩充，性状为微黄色澄明液体。中长链脂肪乳注射液（C6-24，商品名力能），含纯化大豆油25．0g，中链甘油三酸酯25．0g，精制蛋黄卵磷脂3．0g，甘油6．25g。辅料为精制蛋黄卵磷脂、甘油和注射用水，用适量氢氧化钠调节pH，性状为白色乳状液体。主要用于需要接受胃肠外营养和／或必需脂肪酸缺乏的患者。笔者在临床操作中发现，高深氯化钠羟乙基淡粉40注射液与中长链脂肪乳注射液（C6-24）之间存在配伍禁忌，现报道如下。

丙泊酚中链脂肪乳的制备和表征

目的：制备丙泊酚中链脂肪乳，并对其一些物理性质进行评价。方法：采用正交试验设计方法筛选丙泊酚中链脂肪乳的处方，并对其制备工艺进行了单因素考察。通过考察其粒径、粒径分布、pH值及离心稳定性等确定了最终处方及工艺。结果：丙泊酚脂肪乳的最佳处方及工艺为：将Poloxamer1883．60g和甘油2．25g用适量的注射水在室温下溶解，作为水相。将丙泊酚1．0g，大豆卵磷脂1．20g，油酸0．16g、维生素E0．08g加入中链甘油三酸酯10g中，搅拌均匀作为油相。两相分别预热至60℃，将油相缓缓加入水相中，500W超声10min分散成初乳，加水至100mL，0．1mol·L-1氢氧化钠溶液调节pH8-9，移至高压均质机中400bar压力下匀化10次，得到终乳，过0．45μm的微孔滤膜，灌封于西林瓶中，115℃热压灭菌30min即得。结论：制得的丙泊酚脂肪乳，平均粒径（129．87±0．85）nm，PI为（0．20±0．03），pH为（8．45±0．01），符合静脉注射要求。

Identification of novel cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase gene cDNAs in the brain of guinea pig

Objective Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase（PDE）is a critical component of the nitric oxide（NO）signaling pathway and plays critical roles in cognition and learning,Parkinson’s disease,attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, psychosis and depression.The PDEs in the brain of guinea pig have not yet been reported.The present study aimed to detect the unknown Pde cDNAs in the brain of guinea pig.Methods Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction（RT-PCR）and sequence comparison analysis were performed to detect the expression of Pde cDNAs and to assess the identity rates of cDNA and amino acid sequences between guinea pig and human or mouse,respectvely.The RT-PCR primers were located on the conserved region of human PDE and mouse Pde cDNAs.Results Eleven novel Pde cDNAs were detected in the brain of guinea pig（Cavia porcellus）,including CpPde1a,CpPde1b,CpPde2a,CpPde4a,CpPde4d,CpPde5a,CpPde6c,CpPde7b, CpPde8a,CpPde9a,and CpPde10a.The identity rates of the Pde cDNA sequences between guinea pig and human ranged from 83.8%to 94.3%,and those of the amino acid sequences ranged from 91.9%to 100%.The identity rates of Pde cDNA sequences between guinea pig and mouse ranged from 84.6%to 92.1%,and those of amino acid sequences ranged from 91.2% to 99.2%.The average identity rate of the 11 Pde cDNA sequences between guinea pig and human was significantly higher（P 0.01）than that between guinea pig and mouse.The putative partial amino acid sequences of guinea pig contained at least one of the conserved domains of human and mouse PDE proteins.Conclusion These results indicate that the brainexpressed Pde genes are identified in guinea pig,which lays the foundation for further investigating the physiological roles of PDE proteins in the brain.

Ordered mesoporous Ba CO_3/C-catalyzed synthesis of glycerol carbonate from glycerol and dimethyl carbonate

Ordered mesoporous BaCO3/C composites were synthesized by a multi-component co-assembly method combined with a carbonization process using phenolic resol as carbon source, barium nitrate as barium precursor, and triblock copolymer Pluronic F127 as template. The synthesized materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, N2 physical adsorption, thermogravimetric analysis, and temperature-programmed desorption of CO〉 When BaCO3 contents were increased from 9.1 wt% to 44.7 wt%, pore size increased from 3.1 to 4.3 nm and the BET （Brunauer-Emmett-Teller） surface area initially increased to a maximum value of 390 m2 g^-1 （at a BaCO3 content of 18.5 wt%） before subsequently decreasing. BaCO3 was well dispersed in the amorphous carbon framework, and no phase separation was observed. The mesoporous BaCO3/C composites exhibited high catalytic activities toward the transesterification of glycerol and dimethyl carbonate into glycerol carbonate. A glycerol conversion of 97.8% and a glycerol carbonate selectivity of 98.5% were obtained under the optimized reaction conditions.