AIM:To provide hepatic protection through administration of doxorubicin before stop-flow chemotherapy (SFC) and to investigate the expression of heat shock protein 72 (HSP72) and role of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB...AIM:To provide hepatic protection through administration of doxorubicin before stop-flow chemotherapy (SFC) and to investigate the expression of heat shock protein 72 (HSP72) and role of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) in this effect. METHODS: The hepatic preconditioning of doxorubicin was established in a porcine model by injection of doxorubicin (1 mg/kg) before SFC. The experimental animals were randomized into two groups: groups receiving doxorubicin (DOX) and normal saline (NS). Serial serum and tissue samples were taken from both groups to evaluate the protection of doxorubicin. Western blot and immunoprecipitation were applied to detect the expression of HSP72, NF-κB p65 protein, inhibitor κB-α (IκB-α) and phosphorylated IκB-α as well. The expression of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) was estimated by semiquantitative RT-PCR. And the extent of the hepatic injury was estimated with the level of serum aminotransferases. RESULTS: An abundance production of HSP72 in porcine liver was observed after 24 h of intravenous administration of doxorubicin, but without any change in the expression of NF-κB p65 subunit in cytoplasm. NF-κB p65 subunit accumulated in nuclei at the end of SFC and reached its highest level at 30 min after the restoration of the abdominal circulation and decreased gradually during the 6 h after SFC in NS group, while there was little change in DOX group. There was also a slight decrease of IκB-α at 30 min after the restoration of the abdominal circulation in NS group accompanying with the appearance of phosphorylated IκB-α. The expression of TNF-α was significantly higher in NS group than that in DOX group (average 1.40±0.17 vs 0.62±0.22, P<0.01) at serial time points after SFC. Serum ALT and AST levels of NS group were higher after 24 h than those of DOX group (93.2±7.8 IU/L vs 53.3±13.9 IU/L, 217.0±29.4 IU/L vs 155.0±15.6 IU/L for ALT and AST respectively, P<0.05) and after 48 h than those of DOX group (66.6±18.1 IU/L vs 43.3±16.7 IU/L, 174.4±21.3 IU/L vs 125.7±10.5 IU/L for ALT and AST respectively, P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Doxorubicin renders the liver to be tolerant to the hepatic influence in SFC in a porcine model through the NF-κB/IκB-αpathway with the expression of HSP72.展开更多
Effect of commercial cellulose enzymes was investigated by batch enzymatic hydrolysis at 15.0% （w/v） solid. It was found that the best commercial cellulose enzyme was Cellic（R） CTec comparing to Accellerase 1000TM...Effect of commercial cellulose enzymes was investigated by batch enzymatic hydrolysis at 15.0% （w/v） solid. It was found that the best commercial cellulose enzyme was Cellic（R） CTec comparing to Accellerase 1000TM and Accelerase 1500TM. The Cellic（R） CTec gave the highest reducing sugar concentration and rice straw conversion. Moreover, when the hydrolysate obtained from hydrolysis using Cellic（R） CTec was fermented by Saccharomyces cerevisiae TISTR 5596, it would give the highest ethanol. In this study, the Cellic（R） CTec was used for fed-batch prehydrolysis prior to ethanol production by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation （SSF） way at 20% （w/v） solid loading. It could produce 35.76 g/L or 4.6% （v/v） of ethanol concentration and 83.67 L/ton dry matter （DM） of yield.展开更多
The activities of invertase, protease, urease, acid phosphomonoesterase, dehydrogenase, and catalase in different fractions of waterstable aggregates (WSA) were examined in long-term (26 years) fertilised soils. The l...The activities of invertase, protease, urease, acid phosphomonoesterase, dehydrogenase, and catalase in different fractions of waterstable aggregates (WSA) were examined in long-term (26 years) fertilised soils. The long-term application of organic manure (OM) with chemical fertiliser (CF) significantly increased macroaggregate and decreased microaggregate percentages, enhanced the mean weight diameter, and significantly increased soil total carbon (TC) and total nitrogen (TN) contents of WSA in different size fractions. Combined fertilisation with OM and CF also increased invertase, protease, urease, acid phosphomonoesterase, dehydrogenase, and catalase activities of WSA in different size fractions. Enzyme activities were higher in macroaggregates than in microaggregates. The distribution of enzyme activities generally followed the distribution of TC and TN in WSA. The geometric mean of the enzyme activities in different WSA of OM-treated soils was significantly higher than that in soils treated with 100% CF or no fertiliser. The results indicated that the long-term combined application of OM with CF increased the aggregate stability and enzyme activity of different WSA sizes, and consequently, improved soil physical structure and increased soil microbial activity.展开更多
This study investigated the effect of heat treatment combined with acid and alkali on the angiotensin-I- converting enzyme （ACE） inhibitory activity of peptides derived from bovine casein. The free amino group conte...This study investigated the effect of heat treatment combined with acid and alkali on the angiotensin-I- converting enzyme （ACE） inhibitory activity of peptides derived from bovine casein. The free amino group content, color, and cytotoxicity of the peptides were measured under different conditions. When heated at 100 ℃ in the pH range from 9.0 to 12.0, ACE inhibitory activity was reduced and the appearance of the peptides was significantly darkened. After thermal treatment in the presence of acid and alkali, the free amino group content of ACE inhibitory peptides decreased markedly. High temperature and prolonged heating also resulted in the loss of ACE inhibitory activity, the loss of free amino groups, and the darker coloration of bovine casein-derived peptides. However, ACE inhibitory peptides, within a concentration range of from 0.01 to 0.2 mg/ml, showed no cytotoxicity to Caco-2 and ECV-304 cell lines after heat treatment. This indicated that high temperature and alkaline heat treatment impaired the stability of bovine casein-derived ACE inhibitory peptides.展开更多
基金Supported by the Shanghai Bureau of Health, 99ZDII003
文摘AIM:To provide hepatic protection through administration of doxorubicin before stop-flow chemotherapy (SFC) and to investigate the expression of heat shock protein 72 (HSP72) and role of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) in this effect. METHODS: The hepatic preconditioning of doxorubicin was established in a porcine model by injection of doxorubicin (1 mg/kg) before SFC. The experimental animals were randomized into two groups: groups receiving doxorubicin (DOX) and normal saline (NS). Serial serum and tissue samples were taken from both groups to evaluate the protection of doxorubicin. Western blot and immunoprecipitation were applied to detect the expression of HSP72, NF-κB p65 protein, inhibitor κB-α (IκB-α) and phosphorylated IκB-α as well. The expression of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) was estimated by semiquantitative RT-PCR. And the extent of the hepatic injury was estimated with the level of serum aminotransferases. RESULTS: An abundance production of HSP72 in porcine liver was observed after 24 h of intravenous administration of doxorubicin, but without any change in the expression of NF-κB p65 subunit in cytoplasm. NF-κB p65 subunit accumulated in nuclei at the end of SFC and reached its highest level at 30 min after the restoration of the abdominal circulation and decreased gradually during the 6 h after SFC in NS group, while there was little change in DOX group. There was also a slight decrease of IκB-α at 30 min after the restoration of the abdominal circulation in NS group accompanying with the appearance of phosphorylated IκB-α. The expression of TNF-α was significantly higher in NS group than that in DOX group (average 1.40±0.17 vs 0.62±0.22, P<0.01) at serial time points after SFC. Serum ALT and AST levels of NS group were higher after 24 h than those of DOX group (93.2±7.8 IU/L vs 53.3±13.9 IU/L, 217.0±29.4 IU/L vs 155.0±15.6 IU/L for ALT and AST respectively, P<0.05) and after 48 h than those of DOX group (66.6±18.1 IU/L vs 43.3±16.7 IU/L, 174.4±21.3 IU/L vs 125.7±10.5 IU/L for ALT and AST respectively, P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Doxorubicin renders the liver to be tolerant to the hepatic influence in SFC in a porcine model through the NF-κB/IκB-αpathway with the expression of HSP72.
文摘Effect of commercial cellulose enzymes was investigated by batch enzymatic hydrolysis at 15.0% （w/v） solid. It was found that the best commercial cellulose enzyme was Cellic（R） CTec comparing to Accellerase 1000TM and Accelerase 1500TM. The Cellic（R） CTec gave the highest reducing sugar concentration and rice straw conversion. Moreover, when the hydrolysate obtained from hydrolysis using Cellic（R） CTec was fermented by Saccharomyces cerevisiae TISTR 5596, it would give the highest ethanol. In this study, the Cellic（R） CTec was used for fed-batch prehydrolysis prior to ethanol production by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation （SSF） way at 20% （w/v） solid loading. It could produce 35.76 g/L or 4.6% （v/v） of ethanol concentration and 83.67 L/ton dry matter （DM） of yield.
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program (973 program) of China (No. 2007CB109304)the Special Fund for Agroscientific Research in the Public Interest of China (No. 200803031)
文摘The activities of invertase, protease, urease, acid phosphomonoesterase, dehydrogenase, and catalase in different fractions of waterstable aggregates (WSA) were examined in long-term (26 years) fertilised soils. The long-term application of organic manure (OM) with chemical fertiliser (CF) significantly increased macroaggregate and decreased microaggregate percentages, enhanced the mean weight diameter, and significantly increased soil total carbon (TC) and total nitrogen (TN) contents of WSA in different size fractions. Combined fertilisation with OM and CF also increased invertase, protease, urease, acid phosphomonoesterase, dehydrogenase, and catalase activities of WSA in different size fractions. Enzyme activities were higher in macroaggregates than in microaggregates. The distribution of enzyme activities generally followed the distribution of TC and TN in WSA. The geometric mean of the enzyme activities in different WSA of OM-treated soils was significantly higher than that in soils treated with 100% CF or no fertiliser. The results indicated that the long-term combined application of OM with CF increased the aggregate stability and enzyme activity of different WSA sizes, and consequently, improved soil physical structure and increased soil microbial activity.
基金supported by the Innovative Research Team of Higher Education of Heilongjiang Province(No.2010td11)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31000801)+1 种基金the National Key Technology R&D Program of China during the 12th Five-Year Plan Period(No.2013BAD18B06)the 2009 Doctoral Science Research of Northeast Agricultural University,China
文摘This study investigated the effect of heat treatment combined with acid and alkali on the angiotensin-I- converting enzyme （ACE） inhibitory activity of peptides derived from bovine casein. The free amino group content, color, and cytotoxicity of the peptides were measured under different conditions. When heated at 100 ℃ in the pH range from 9.0 to 12.0, ACE inhibitory activity was reduced and the appearance of the peptides was significantly darkened. After thermal treatment in the presence of acid and alkali, the free amino group content of ACE inhibitory peptides decreased markedly. High temperature and prolonged heating also resulted in the loss of ACE inhibitory activity, the loss of free amino groups, and the darker coloration of bovine casein-derived peptides. However, ACE inhibitory peptides, within a concentration range of from 0.01 to 0.2 mg/ml, showed no cytotoxicity to Caco-2 and ECV-304 cell lines after heat treatment. This indicated that high temperature and alkaline heat treatment impaired the stability of bovine casein-derived ACE inhibitory peptides.
