生物有机肥对烤烟生长及相关防御性酶活性的影响

为研究生物有机肥FBOF1和FBOF2在烤烟上的应用效果及对相关防御性酶活性的影响,本研究采用绿色荧光蛋白(Green fluorescence protein,GFP)基因和抗生素对生物有机肥中特定功能微生物进行了标记,通过盆栽试验研究了功能微生物在根围土壤中的定殖情况,施用生物有机肥对烤烟叶面积等生物量指标以及PPO、POD、PAL、LOX酶活性的影响。结果表明,施用生物有机肥能促进烟叶生长,叶面积、株高、鲜质量、干质量等生物量指标增加,30 d时叶面积分别增加26.20%和30.87%,与对照相比达到显著水平,鲜质量增加30.60%和36.72%,干质量分别增加47.93%和23.97%;施用生物有机肥还可改善土壤养分状况,提高土壤中有机质含量,增加碱解氮、速效钾、全磷等养分供应水平;同时研究表明施用生物有机肥后其功能微生物能在根围土壤有效定殖,对有害病原微生物青枯菌具有一定的抑制效果;施用生物有机肥能提高烤烟初期防御性酶活性,增强植株对病原微生物的抵抗能力,施用生物有机肥7 d后,PPO活性分别增加38.1%和35.8%,LOX活性增加19.6%和17.5%,而PAL活性增加24.5%。

噁醚唑种衣剂对小麦幼苗生长及抗病性相关酶活性的影响

本文研究了口恶醚唑 ( Difenoconazole)种衣剂、敌萎丹悬浮种衣剂 ( Dividend150 FS)分别处理小麦种子后对小麦幼苗生长、膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛 ( MDA)以及与植物抗病性相关的超氧化物歧化酶 ( SOD)、过氧化物酶 ( POD)、过氧化氢酶 ( CAT)和多酚氧化酶 ( PPO)酶活性的影响。结果表明 2种药剂处理均能使小麦幼苗叶绿素含量、株高、根长和百株鲜重显著增加 ,幼苗体内 MDA积累减少 ,SOD、POD、CAT和 PPO活性显著提高 ,但对可溶性蛋白的含量无明显影响。说明口恶醚唑种衣剂包衣处理小麦种子具有促进小麦幼苗生长发育、延缓小麦衰老和诱导小麦产生抗病性的作用 。

抗菌蛋白AMP对杂交竹梢枯病防治效果及其抗性相关酶活性的影响

从绛红褐链霉菌YSSPG3发酵物中纯化获得抗菌蛋白AMP,采用其稀释液喷雾或浸根诱导处理撑绿杂交竹苗,调查病情指数并测定杂交竹体内抗性相关酶活性的时序变化。结果表明:用抗菌蛋白AMP(母液浓度为360.56μg·mL-1)的10,20,50倍稀释液叶片喷雾或浸根处理后,撑绿杂交竹病情指数都显著低于发病对照。经不同浓度抗菌蛋白诱导,植株内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)等抗性酶对杂交竹梢枯病菌有不同的响应。诱导并挑战接种处理的叶片内各抗性酶活性比只诱导不接种的处理上升幅度大。只诱导不接种及诱导后挑战接种,叶片内各抗性酶的活性与抗菌蛋白浓度呈正相关。POD,PPO,CAT酶活性用浸根处理的时序变化幅度及同时期升高幅度大于喷雾处理,SOD,PAL的差异不明显。各抗性相关酶活性与病情指数的相关性分析表明,抗病性在喷雾诱导处理中与PPO,POD和CAT活性相关性显著,在浸根诱导处理中与SOD和PAL活性相关性显著,说明抗性酶与病情指数的变化存在内在的关联性。

敌萎丹和三唑醇对小麦幼苗生长和抗病性相关酶活性的影响

敌萎丹悬浮种衣剂(Dividend 150FS)是瑞士诺华农化有限公司开发研制的新一代三唑类广谱内吸性悬浮种衣剂,对小麦苗期病害具有很好的防效.三唑醇是目前生产上常用的药剂,因此,本文初步探讨敌萎丹和三唑醇对小麦幼苗生长和某些抗病性相关酶活性的影响,为农业生产提供理论依据.1 材料和方法敌萎丹(Dividend 150FS)(诺华(中国)农化有限公司提供)和三唑醇(Triadirnenol)(中国农业大学种衣剂应用化学研究发展中心提供)按15_g/100kg种子、

Lj20和St24发酵液粗提物对番茄体内防御性酶活性的影响

为明确植物内生放线菌对植物体内防御性酶活性的影响,以植物内生放线菌Lj20和St24发酵液粗提物处理番茄植株,测定其根、茎、叶中过氧化氢酶(CAT)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)、过氧化物酶(POD)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性变化。测定结果表明,用Lj20和St24粗提物处理番茄植株后,除SOD处理和对照没有明显差异外,CAT、PPO和POD酶的活性都有所增强,但酶活性随时间变化规律各不相同。其中Lj20粗提物处理的番茄茎和叶中PPO的活性增加最明显,在测定时间内呈直线上升趋势。这表明Lj20和St24的代谢物不仅对病原菌具有直接抑制作用,而且可通过提高植物体内防御性酶活性来提高植物的抗病性。

不同微生物菌肥对温室番茄生长和抗性酶活性的影响

明确不同微生物菌肥对温室番茄土壤环境、生长发育、产量和品质的影响,为微生物菌肥在温室番茄种植上的推广应用提供理论依据。采用盆栽试验,以不施微生物菌肥为对照(CK),设5个不同组分的微生物菌肥处理即生物功能菌(S1)、复合微生物菌肥(S2)、三炬灌金液(S3)、微生物菌剂(S4)、拜沃(S5),研究了不同处理对温室番茄生长指标、抗性酶活性指标的影响。结果表明:5种微生物菌肥均能不同程度促进温室连作番茄生长,其中S5处理对番茄株高的促进效果最佳,S3处理对番茄茎粗的提升效果最佳;5种微生物菌肥均能不同程度地提升番茄抗性酶的活性,其中S3(三炬灌金液)处理对温室番茄抗性酶活性效果最佳。

3-丙酮基-3-羟基羟吲哚对烟草幼苗抗性相关酶活性的影响

为探究3-丙酮基-3-羟基羟吲哚(AHO)诱导对烟草幼苗抗性相关酶活性的影响及产生抗性的最佳浓度,使用不同浓度AHO喷雾处理烟苗后,测定烟苗SOD、POD、PPO及PAL等抗性相关酶活性。结果表明AHO喷雾处理烟苗能提高烟苗抗病性,且0.04%为AHO诱导烟苗抗性的最适宜施用浓度。

甜菜碱浸种对盐胁迫下棉花种子发芽及其幼苗生理活性的影响

以耐盐能力不同的中棉所12号和中棉所19号为材料,研究其在盐胁迫下甜菜碱浸种对棉花种子发芽及其幼苗防御性保护酶活性的影响。结果显示,盐胁迫抑制发芽和幼苗根系发育,但提高幼苗的SOD、POD和CAT活性;甜菜碱浸种,在一定浓度范围内可促进幼苗根系发育,提高其SOD、POD和CAT活性,增加脯氨酸含量,浓度600μg/ml时最高。两品种对盐胁迫及甜菜碱浸种后的反应一致。

BTH诱导不同抗性水平甜瓜抗白粉病的效应

诱导植物内在抗性是病害控制的新策略,诱导效应可能与不同品种组成性表达的基础抗性有关。以3个抗性水平不同的品种为材料,研究了苯并噻二唑(BTH)对甜瓜白粉病抗性的诱导效应,以期进一步阐释抗性诱导效应与品种基础抗性的关系。结果显示,BTH诱导甜瓜抗白粉病的效果与品种的基础抗性正相关,对抗病品种的诱导效果高于中抗和感病品种,抗病品种叶片中β-1,3-葡聚糖酶(GLU)和苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性增长幅度也较中抗和感病品种大。BTH处理3 d后接种白粉菌,不同抗性水平甜瓜品种叶片中GLU、PAL和多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性均较只接种处理明显上升。叶片超微结构观察显示:乳突结构是寄主对病原菌侵染的一种主动反应,甜瓜抗病品种叶片中乳突结构多呈半圆球型,中抗和感病品种叶片中多呈圆筒型。

盐胁迫下丛枝菌根真菌对生菜生长和生理特性的影响

于盆栽条件下设0、50、100和150mmol/L NaCl处理,对生菜(Lactuca sativa Hort.;品种"芳妮")接种丛枝菌根(arbuscular mycorrhizae,AM)真菌摩西管柄囊霉(Funneliformis mosseae),测定生菜的株高、茎粗、根系活力、叶片相对电导率和防御性酶活性。结果表明,随NaCl浓度的增加,生菜根系AM真菌侵染率逐渐降低;生菜株高、茎粗、根系活力、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)活性、过氧化物酶(peroxidase,POD)活性也呈下降趋势,而叶片电导率显著提高。于低盐浓度(特别是50mmol/L NaCl)处理下,接种AM真菌显著提高了生菜的茎粗、株高和根系活力,降低叶片电导率,并提高叶片SOD和POD酶活性。结论认为,较低盐浓度胁迫下,接种AM真菌可通过提高根系活力和防御性酶活性、降低细胞膜质透性而缓解盐胁迫对植株的伤害,提高植物的耐盐性。

籽粒苋富钾基因型的生理生化基础研究

通过不同供钾水平的溶液培养试验和缺钾土培试验,研究了籽粒苋富钾基因型的生理生化特性。结果表明,籽粒苋富钾基因型(R104、K12)叶绿素含量和光合速率,以及脯氨酸、游离氨基酸和可溶性糖含量高于一般基因型(M9)。籽粒苋叶片POD、SOD及ATP酶活性因器官、叶位、供钾水平和生育阶段不同而不同,富钾基因型3种酶活性高于一般基因型;叶片SOD酶和ATP酶活性显著高于根部,而POD、SOD酶活性下部叶明显低于上部叶。叶片POD、SOD及ATP酶活性随供钾水平的增加而提高,且随着生长期的延长而降低。

UV-C处理对蓝莓果实低温贮藏品质的影响

为了开发蓝莓的绿色保鲜技术,分别采用1.0,2.0,4.0kJ/m^2 UV-C处理南高从蓝莓,并于(4±0.5)℃下贮藏,期间每7d测定果实品质的变化。研究结果表明:UV-C处理在提升蓝莓贮藏品质等方面有较好的效果,其中2.0kJ/m^2处理对蓝莓贮藏保鲜效果最好,能有效抑制采后蓝莓的失重和腐烂,贮藏至35d时相比对照组失重率减少11.4%,腐烂率减少14.8%,推迟发病7~14d,硬度提高16.74%,总黄酮含量提高7.65%,总酚含量提高9.93%;PAL、CAT、PPO酶活分别为对照的1.08,1.45,1.28倍。说明适宜剂量UV-C处理可抑制采后蓝莓果实的腐烂,提高蓝莓品质及防御性酶活性。

Effects of Drought Stress on Activity of POD and CAT in Wheat during Generation Period

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the changes in activity of POD and CAT in wheat during generation period under drought stress. [Method] Four wheat cultivars, including Yunong 51, Zhoumai 22, Jimai 19 and Huaimai 22, were selected as experimental materials and cultured under drought stress simulated by different concentrations of PEG6000, to determine the activity of POD and CAT. [Result] POD and CAT activity in wheat during generation period increased gradual y under stress of 5% and 15% PEG6000 from 0 to 120 h; POD and CAT activity in wheat under stress of 15% PEG6000 increased more compared with that under stress of 5% PEG6000; POD and CAT activity in wheat under stress of 25% and 35% PEG6000 increased first and then decreased. Stress duration significantly af-fected the activity of POD and CAT in wheat during generation period. [Conclusion] This study provided theoretical references for breeding drought-tolerant wheat.

Effect of beta-cypermethrin on GPT and GOT activities of crucian serum

In this experiment, the effects of beta-cypermethrin on acute toxicity and serum GPT and GOT of crucian were studied. It was indicated that the 96hLC50 of beta-cypermethrin was 11.4 μg L-1. The crucian serum was treated at the levels, 0 μg L-1, 0.114 μg L-1, 0.57 μg L-1, 1.14 μg L-1 for 0 d 5 d 10 d 15 d and 20 d, respectively. The results showed that beta-cypermethrin could make great damage to crucian biochemical characteristics, and suggested that the effects of toxicant on serum GPT and GOT could be used as an index of toxicological assessment.

Phosphorus Starvation-induced Expression of Leaf Acid Phosphatase Isoforms in Soybean

Leaf acid phosphatase (APase) activities of 274 soybean genotypes were surveyed under field conditions with two levels of P supplies, and a nutrient solution culture experiment with eight selected genotypes was subsequently conducted under greenhouse conditions to further characterize APase activity and its isoform expression induced by P starvation. Results from the field experiment showed that there was a great genotypic variation for leaf APase activity among the tested soybean genotypes from different origins, and APase activity in many of the tested genotypes (about 60%) was generally increased in the treatment without P fertilizer addition. Results from the nutrient solution culture experiment showed that APase activity in all the eight tested genotypes was generally enhanced by P starvation. Six isoforms of APases were detected in isoelectric focusing gels with samples from both young and old leaves. The activity of all the six isoforms was increased by P starvation, but no new APase isoform was induced. Our results suggest that leaf APase activity could serve as an enzymatic indicator of P starvation for soybean; the increase in leaf APase activity under low P stress was mainly caused by the increase in the activity of existing isoforms but not by the induction of new isoforms.

Study on Anti-oxidation and Inhibitory Effect on Nonenzymatic Glycation Reaction of Fermentation Extract from Biotransformation of Ginkgo biloba L. (EGB) by Hericium erinaceus

[ Objective] In order to study the anti-oxidation and inhibitory effect on nonenzymatic glycation reaction of EGB fermentation extraction biotransformed by Hericium erinaceus. [ Method ] The free radical scavenging ability and reducing capacity of DPPH as well as inhibitory rate of nonenzymatic glycation reaction were measured targets for comparing changes of anti-oxidation and inhibitory effect on nonenzymatic glycation reaction of fermentation lyophilizer and fermentation extraction before and after EGB fermention adsorbed by AB-8 macroporous resin. The EGB fermention was biotransformed by Hericium erinaceus. [ Result ] After adsorbed by AB-8 macroporous resin, the bioactive matters were concentrated and separated. The free radical scavenging rate, reducing capacity and inhibitory rate of nonenzymatic glycation reaction were increased significantly after adsorbed by AB-8 macroporous resin. [ Conclusion] AB-8 macroporous resin could be used for preliminary concentration of EGB fermentation which was biotransformed by Hericium erinaceus.

The Effect of Active Oxygen on the Activity of ACC Synthase Induced by Exogenous IAA

During the course of mungbean (Phaseolus radiatus L.) germination, the rate of ethylene production and the activity of ACC synthase (1_aminocyclopropane_1_carboxylic acid synthase, EC4.4.1.4) began to increase in the 5th day of germination, and reached its peak in the 10th day and then decreased. The ethylene production and the activity of ACC synthase were obviously promoted by 10 μmol/L exogenous IAA (indole_3_acetic acid). The production of superoxide radical (O -· 2) and hydrogen peroxide (H 2O 2) were also promoted by exogenous IAA, suggesting that there was some relationship between active oxygen production and the activity of ACC synthase induced by exogenous IAA. The production of ethylene and the activity of ACC synthase increased dramatically when the seedlings were treated with exogenous O -· 2, whereas the exogenous H 2O 2 had no effects on the production of ethylene and the activity of ACC synthase. Exogenous SOD (superoxide dismutase, one scavenger of O -· 2) could inhibit the production of ethylene and the activity of ACC synthase, but exogenous CAT (catalase) could not. So it was possible that IAA would stimulate the activity of ACC synthase by inducing the production of O -· 2 in germinating mungbean seedlings, and this might be one of the regulating mechanism of ethylene synthesis in higher plants; the production of H 2O 2 induced by IAA was not the cause of the increase of the activity of ACC synthase and the production of ethylene.

Study on Kinetic Characteristics of Alliinase

[Objective] The kinetic characteristics of alliinase was studied to select the optimum reaction performance. [Method] Alliinase activity was measured to analysis the influence of temperature, pH, substrate concentration and metal iron. [Result] Alliinase was an enzyme with thermal instability. Its optimum reaction temperature was 29℃ and pH value was 6.1. The Vmax was 0. 439 IU/mg and Km was 0.483 mmol/L by using natural extract as substrate. Alliinase activity was activated when the K^＋ , Mg^2＋ , Na^＋ and Cd^2＋ existed and alliinase activity was inhibited when Cu^2＋ existed. [Condusion] Results showed that the kinetic characteristics of alliinase supply the academic foundation for development and application of garlic medical products.

Study on the Correlation between Blood Enzyme Activity and Production Performance in Tibetan Yaks

Yak ( Bos grunniens ) is classified as Bovine genus,they live in Qingzang Plateau with elevation more than 3500m and it's neighbor highland,where the weather is high chilly,short of oxygen and large difference of temperature between day and night.But yak have adapted that circumstance after thousands of years' artificial and natural selection and has great anti adversity capacity.Yak is an important sustenance and means of production to Tibetan.China is a country with the largest number of yak,whose amount of livestock on hand accounts for 95% of the world and Tibet region takes the second place next to Qinghai in the number of yak.Tibetan yak has formed some groups for Tibetan's large area,complicated geological ecosystem conditions,geological isolation.The typical better groups are Yadong yak,Jiali yak and Sibu yak. Study about yak fell behind other animals due to the restriction of inconvenient transportation,difficult sampling and poor experimental technology.Study about the relationship between yak blood enzyme activities and milk production was little,only Jing (1992) studied correlation of milk production with serum amylase,esterase in Gansu Jiulong yak,Maiwa yak and no report was found in other groups.This study discussed six Jiali yak blood enzyme activities lactate dehydrogenase (LDH),alkaline phosphatases (AKP),acid phosphatase (ACP),catalase (CAT),amylase (Amy) and superoxide dismutase (SOD),and explored their relationship with milk production in Jiali yak,so as to supply with theoretical evidence by using blood enzyme activity as biochemical assisted selection marker in the breeding of Tibetan yak milk yield. This experiment investigated activity of six blood enzymes from 28 Tibetan yaks and explored its relationship to production performance.The results showed a extremely positive significant difference ( P <0.01) between activity of LDH and milk yield,CAT activity and length of belly hair respectively,while a positive significant difference ( P <0.05) was observed between AKP activity and body weight,Amy activity and body weight and a negative significant difference ( P <0.05) for SOD activity and body weight.Stepwise Regression Analysis showed that activity of LDH could be used for the prediction of milk yield,AKP,CAT,Amy for body weight,CAT,Amy for length of belly hair.So it is expected to use activity of LDH,AKP,CAT,Amy as biochemical genetic marker in the selection of milk yield,body weight and length of belly hair.

Studies on the Proton Pumping Activity of H^+-ATPase in Tonoplast Vesicles of Populus euphratica

Tonoplast-enriched vesicles were prepared from suspension-cultured Populus euphratica Oliv. cells by differential centrifugation and discontinuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation. The properties of the proton pumping activity of H+-ATPases in tonoplast vesicles were studied by acridine orange fluorescent quenching measured at 22 degreesC. The proton pumping activity of ATPase was ATP-dependent with apparent Michaelis-Menten Constant (K-m) for ATP about 0.65 mmol/L. The optimal pH for H+-ATPases activity was 7.5. The proton pumping activity of H+-ATPase could be initiated by some divalent cations, Mg2+ being highly efficient, much more than Fe2+; and Ca2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+ were inefficient under the experimental condition. The proton translocation could be stimulated by halide anions, with potencies decreasing in the order Cl- > Br- > I- > F-. The proton pumping activity was greatly inhibited by N-ethylmaleimide (NEM), N, N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD), NO3- and Bafilomycin A(1), but not by orthovanadate and azide. These results demonstrated that the H+-ATPase in the tonoplast of Populus euphratica belonged to vacuolar type ATPase. This work was the first time that tonoplast-enriched vesicles were isolated from Populus euphratica cells.