对奶牛酸奶症综合性防治临床观察

对奶牛酸奶症综合性防治临床观察栾洪印（哈尔滨市红旗乡畜牧兽医站·１５００８９）奶牛酸奶症，在临床上虽然少见，但对养牛业会造成一定的经济损失，近年来，笔者在临床实践中经过认真总结、实验，根据不同的症状，采取不同防治措施治疗９例，均达到满意的疗效。奶牛酸...

Infant intestinal Enterococcus faecalis down-regulates inflammatory responses in human intestinal cell lines

AIM: To investigate the ability of Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) to modulate inflammatory reaction in human intestinal cell lines (Caco-2, HT-29 and HCT116). Different strains of LAB isolated from new born infants and fermented milk, together with the strains obtained from culture collections were tested.METHODS: LABs were treated with human intestinal cell lines. ELISA was used to detect IL-8 and TGF-β protein secretion. Cytokines and Toll like receptors (TLRs) gene expression were assessed using RT-PCR. Conditional medium, sonicated bacteria and UV killed bacteria were used to find the effecter molecules on the bacteria. Carbohydrate oxidation and protein digestion were applied to figure out the molecules' residues. Adhesion assays were further carried out.RESULTS: It was found that Enterococcus faecalis is the main immune modulator among the LABs by downregulation of IL-8 secretion and upregulation of TGF-β. Strikingly, the effect was only observed in four strains of E. faecalis out of the 27 isolated and tested. This implies strain dependent immunomodulation in the host. In addition, E. faecalis may regulate inflammatory responses through TLR3, TLR4, TLR9 and TRAF6. Carbohydrates on the bacterial cell surface are involved in both its adhesion to intestinal cells and regulation of inflammatory responses in the host. CONCLUSION: These data provide a case for the modulation of intestinal mucosal immunity in which specific strains of E. faecalis have uniquely evolved to maintain colonic homeostasis and regulate inflammatory responses.

Soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1,D-lactate and diamine oxidase in patients with inflammatory bowel disease

AIM： To study the levels of serum soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 （sICAM-1）, plasma D-lactate and diamine oxidase （DAO） in patients with inflammatory bowel disease （IBD）, and the potential clinical significance. METHODS： Sixty-nine patients with IBD and 30 healthy controls were included in this study. The concentration of sICAM-1 was detected with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the level of D-lactate and DAO was measured by spectroscopic analysis, and the number of white blood cells （WBC） was determined by routine procedure. RESULTS： The levels of sICAM-I, DAO, and WBC in IBD patients were significantly higher than those in the control group （P 〈 0,01）, sICAM-I in IBD patients was found to be closely related to the levels of DAO and D-lactate （212.94 ± 69.89 vs 6.35 ± 2.35, P = 0.000）, DAO 212.94 ± 69.89 vs 8.65 ± 3.54, P = 0.000） and WBC （212.94 ± 69.89 vs 7.40 ± 2.61, P = 0.000）, but no significant difference was observed between patients with ulcerative colitis and patients with Crohn＇s disease. The post-treatment levels of sICAM-I, D-lactate and WBC were significantly lower than before treatment （sICAM-I 206.57 ± 79.21 vs 146.21 ± 64.43, P = 0.000）, （D-lactate 1.46 ± 0.94 vs 0.52± 0.32, P = 0.000） and （WBC 7.24 ± 0.2.33 vs 5.21 ± 3.21, P = 0.000）. CONCLUSION： sICAM-1, D-lactate and DAO are closely related to the specific conditions of IBD, and thus could be used as a major diagnostic index.

Effect of probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG intervention on global serum lipidomic profiles in healthy adults

AIM: To investigate the effect of three weeks’ intervention with a probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) bacteria on global serum lipidomic profiles and evaluate whether the changes in inflammatory variables (CRP, TNF-α and IL-6) are reflected in the global lipidomic profiles of healthy adults. METHODS: We performed UPLC/MS-based global lipidomic platform analysis of serum samples (n = 26) in a substudy of a randomised, double-blind, placebo- controlled 3-wk clinical intervention trial investigating the immunomodulatory effects of probiotics in healthy adults. RESULTS: A total of 407 lipids were identified, corresponding to 13 different lipid classes. Serum samples showed decreases in the levels of lysophosphatidylcholines (LysoGPCho), sphingomyelins (SM) and several glycerophosphatidylcholines (GPCho), while triacylglycerols (TAG) were mainly increased in the probiotic LGG group during the intervention. Among the inflammatory variables, IL-6 was moderatelyassociated by changes in global lipidomic profiles, with the top-ranked lipid associated with IL-6 being the proinflammatory LysoGPCho (20:4). There was a weak association between the lipidomic profiles and the two other inflammatory markers, TNF-α and CRP. CONCLUSION: This was the first study to investigate the effects of probiotic intervention on global lipidomic profiles in humans. There are indications that probiotic LGG intervention may lead to changes in serum global lipid profiles, as reflected in decreased GPCho, LysoGPCho and SM as well as mainly increased TAG.

Recurrent ischemic strokes in a young celiac woman with MTHFR gene mutation

Celiac disease(CD) is frequently associated with neurological disorders,but very few reports concern the association with ischemic stroke.A 26-year-old woman affected by CD with secondary amenorrhea,carrier of a homozygous 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase mutation with hyperhomocysteinemia,was affected by two occipital ischemic strokes within a period of 5 mo.At the time of the second stroke,while she was being treated with folic acid,acetylsalicylic acid and a gluten-free diet,she had left hemianopsia,left hemiparesthesias,and gait imbalance.Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed a subacute right occipital ischemic lesion,which was extended to the dorsal region of the right thalamus and the ipsilateral thalamocapsular junction.Antitransglutaminase and deamidated gliadin peptide antibodies were no longer present,while antinuclear antibodies,antineuronal antibodies and immune circulating complexes were only slightly elevated.Since the patient was taking folic acid,her homocysteine levels were almost normal and apparently not sufficient alone to explain the clinical event.A conventional cerebral angiography showed no signs of vasculitis.Finally,rare causes of occipital stroke in young patients,such as Fabry's disease and mitochondrial myopathy,encephalomyopathy,lactic acidosis and stroke-like symptoms,were also excluded by appropriate tests.Thus,the most probable cause for the recurrent strokes in this young woman remained CD,although the mechanisms involved are still unknown.The two main hypotheses concern malabsorption(with consequent deficiency of vitamins known to exert neurotrophic and neuroprotective effects) and immunemediated mechanisms.CD should be kept in mind in the differential diagnosis of ischemic stroke in young patients.

Ingestion of Lactobacillus strain reduces anxiety and improves cognitive function in the hyperammonemia rat

Evidence suggests that the hyperammonemia （HA）-induced neuroinflammation and alterations in the serotonin （5-HT） system may contribute to cognitive decline and anxiety disorder during hepatic encephalopathy （HE）. Probiotics that maintain immune system homeostasis and regulate the 5-HT system may be potential treatment for HA-mediated neurological disorders in HE. In this study, we tested the efficacy of probiotic Lactobacillus helveticus strain NS8 in preventing cognitive decline and anxie- ty-like behavior in HA rats. Chronic HA was induced by intraperitoneal injection of ammonium acetate for four weeks in male Sprague-Dawley rats. HA rats were then given Lactobacillus helveticus strain NS8 （109 CFU mL 1） in drinking water as a dai- ly supplementation. The Morris water maze task assessed cognitive function, and the elevated plus maze test evaluated anxie- ty-like behavior. Neuroinflammation was assessed by measuring the inflammatory markers： inducible nitric oxide synthase, prostaglandin E2, and interleukin-1 13 in the brain. 5-HT system activity was evaluated by measuring 5-HT and its metabolite, 5-HIAA, and the 5-HT precursor, tryptophan. Probiotic treatment of HA rats significantly reduced the level of inflammatory markers, decreased 5-HT metabolism, restored cognitive function and improved anxiety-like behavior. These results indicate that probiotic L. helveticus strain NS8 is beneficial for the treatment of cognitive decline and anxiety-like behavior in HA rats.