Aim To separate high purity linolenic acid from the oil of Lithospermumerythrorhizon growing in the Northeast of China. Methods Urea inclusion and column chromatographywere used. Results Unsaturated fatty acid was sep...Aim To separate high purity linolenic acid from the oil of Lithospermumerythrorhizon growing in the Northeast of China. Methods Urea inclusion and column chromatographywere used. Results Unsaturated fatty acid was separated, with a purity of 99.30 wt% of linolenicacid. Conclusion The experiment shows excellent reproducibility and high feasibility for industrialproduction.展开更多
A 90-day experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different dietary linoleic acid （LA; 18：2n-6） and linolenic acid ratios （LNA; 18：3n-3） on growth induces, feed utilization and tissue fatty acid pr...A 90-day experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different dietary linoleic acid （LA; 18：2n-6） and linolenic acid ratios （LNA; 18：3n-3） on growth induces, feed utilization and tissue fatty acid profile of freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii post-larvae （PL）. The experiment was conducted in cubic indoor fiberglass tanks, each holding 700 L in triplicate. Post-larvae with an average weight of 20.8 ± 0.20 mg were stocked at 80 PL m2. Five experimental isocaloric （15.06 MJ kgl digestible energy）, and isonitrogenous （30.45% digestible protein） diets were formulated by blending of soybean oil and linseed oil to containing five dietary LA/LNA ratios （7.80, 2.75, 1.28, 0.65 and 0.30）. The highest survival values were recorded for prawn PL fed diet containing 0.65 LA/LAN ratios. Growth indices of PL significantly increased （P 〈 0.05） with decreased dietary LA/LAN ratios to 0.65. The same trend was observed for the highest （P ≤ 0.05） protein efficiency ratio, protein productive value, fat retention, energy retention and best feed conversion ratio. The total whole tissue polyunsaturated fatty acid composition of M. rosenbergii PL was dominated by LA followed by LAN. Post larvae fed the diets containing higher LA/LNA ratios showed a higher tissue LA/LNA ratio. The obtained findings revealed that fatty acid patterns ofM. rosenbergii PL were influenced by fatty acid profiles of diets. The diet containing 0.65 LA/LNA ratio is recommended to obtaining optimum growth performance and feed utilization for M. rosenbergii PL.展开更多
Genetic modifi cation is useful for improving the nutritional qualities of cyanobacteria. To increase the total unsaturated fatty acid content, along with the ratio of ω-3/ω-6 fatty acids, genetic engineering can be...Genetic modifi cation is useful for improving the nutritional qualities of cyanobacteria. To increase the total unsaturated fatty acid content, along with the ratio of ω-3/ω-6 fatty acids, genetic engineering can be used to modify fatty acid metabolism. S ynechococcus sp. PCC7002, a fast-growing cyanobacterium, does not contain a Δ6 desaturase gene and is therefore unable to synthesize γ-linolenic acid(GLA) and stearidonic acid(SDA), which are important in human health. In this work, we constructed recombinant vectors Syd6 D, Syd15 D and Syd6Dd15 D to express the Δ15 desaturase and Δ6 desaturase genes from Synechocystis PCC6803 in Synechococcus sp. PCC7002, with the aim of expressing polyunsaturated fatty acids. Overexpression of the Δ15 desaturase gene in S ynechococcus resulted in 5.4 times greater accumulation of α-linolenic acid compared with the wild-type while Δ6 desaturase gene expression produced both GLA and SDA. Co-expression of the two genes resulted in low-level accumulation of GLA but much larger amounts of SDA, accounting for as much to 11.64% of the total fatty acid content.展开更多
AIM： To examine whether trans-10,cis-12 CLA （t10C12） or cis-9,trans-11 CLA （c9t11） inhibits heregulin （HRG）-β- stimulated cell growth and HRG-β-ErbB3 signaling in HT-29 cells. METHODS： We cultured HT-29 cell...AIM： To examine whether trans-10,cis-12 CLA （t10C12） or cis-9,trans-11 CLA （c9t11） inhibits heregulin （HRG）-β- stimulated cell growth and HRG-β-ErbB3 signaling in HT-29 cells. METHODS： We cultured HT-29 cells in the absence or presence of the CLA isomers and/or the ErbB3 ligand HRG-β. MTT assay, [^3H]thymidine incorporation, Annexin V staining, RT-PCR, Western blotting, immunoprecipitation, and in vitro kinase assay were performed. RESULTS： HRG-β increased cell growth, but did not prevent DNA t10c12-induced growth inhibition. T10C12 inhibited DNA synthesis and induced apoptosis of HT-29 cells, whereas c9t11 had no effect. T10c12 decreased the levels of ErbB1, ErbB2, and ErbB3 proteins and transcripts in a dose-dependent manner, whereas c9t11 had no effect. Immunoprecipitation/ Western blot studies revealed that t10c12 inhibited HRG- β-stimulated phosphorylation of ErbB3, recruitment of the p85 subunit of phosphoinositide 3-kinase （PI3K） to ErbB3, ErbB3-associated PI3K activities, and phosphorylation of Akt. However, c9t11 had no effect on phospho Aid： levels. Neither t10c12 nor c9t11 had any effect on HRG-β-induced phosphorylation of ERK-1/2. CONCLUSION： These results indicate that the inhibition of HT-29 cell growth by t10c12 may be induced via its modulation of ErbB3 signaling leading to inhibition of Akt activation.展开更多
This study evaluates the incorporation of alpha-linolenic acid （LNA, 18：3n-3） through the golden flaxseed in snacks＇ formulations with and without seasoning. Snacks with different formulations presented significan...This study evaluates the incorporation of alpha-linolenic acid （LNA, 18：3n-3） through the golden flaxseed in snacks＇ formulations with and without seasoning. Snacks with different formulations presented significant differences （P 〈 0.05） in their proximate composition, mainly for total lipids and moisture content. Regarding the fatty acids profile, six different fatty acids were found： 16：0, 18：0, 18：1n-9, 18：1n-7, 18：2n-6 （LA） and 18：3n-3. The majority fatty acid was 18：2n-6 （LA） due to the predominance of corn in the products formulation. The incorporation of 18：3n-3 was observed, and this fatty acid was not affected by the extrusion temperature during the processing or the storage time. The results of sensory evaluation indicated that the product developed with addition of golden flaxseed had mild acceptance among the panelists. Thus, it was concluded that the addition of flaxseed is feasible for the nutritional enrichment of corn snacks.展开更多
The goal of this study was to discover Scatella tenuicosta Collin （Diptera： Ephydridae） for the first time as a pest on blue-green algae Spirulina platensis. This algae has been recognized as a very important comme...The goal of this study was to discover Scatella tenuicosta Collin （Diptera： Ephydridae） for the first time as a pest on blue-green algae Spirulina platensis. This algae has been recognized as a very important commercial product in the world today and as one of the most promising ones among the other microscopic algae due to its richness in polyunsaturated fatty acids, as well as in gamma-linolenic acid （GLA）, and in pigments including phycocyanin, myxoxanthophyll and zeaxanthin. Both immature and adult development stages ofS. tenuicosta have been studied under the temperature of 15±2℃. The development times for eggs, larval stages, including first, second, and third one, and for pupae as well as for adults were found to be 1.4, 1.0, 1.1, 1.1, 3.0 and 8.7 respectively. Some pest control practices ofS. tenuicosta on S. platensis have been also examined in this study.展开更多
Microorganisms provide both beneficial and harmful effects to human beings. Beneficial effects come from the symbiotic relationship that exists between humans and microbiota, but then several human illnesses have turn...Microorganisms provide both beneficial and harmful effects to human beings. Beneficial effects come from the symbiotic relationship that exists between humans and microbiota, but then several human illnesses have turned some friendly microbes into opportunistic pathogens, causing several microbial-related diseases. Various efforts have been made to create and utilize antimicrobial agents in the treatment and prevention of these infections, but such efforts have been hampered by the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. Despite extensive studies on drug dis- covery to alleviate this problem, issues with the toxicity and tolerance of certain compounds and continuous microbial evolution have forced researchers to focus on screening various phytochemical dietary compounds for antimicrobial activity. Linolenic acid and its derivatives （eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid） are omega-3 fatty acids that have been studied due to their role in human health, being important for the brain, the eye, the cardiovascular system, and general human growth. However, their utilization as antimicrobial agents has not been widely appreciated, perhaps due to a lack of understanding of antimicrobial mechanisms, toxicity, and route of administration. Therefore, this review focuses on the efficacy, mechanism, and toxicity of omega-3 fatty acids as alternative therapeutic agents for treating and preventing diseases associated with pathogenic microorganisms.展开更多
文摘Aim To separate high purity linolenic acid from the oil of Lithospermumerythrorhizon growing in the Northeast of China. Methods Urea inclusion and column chromatographywere used. Results Unsaturated fatty acid was separated, with a purity of 99.30 wt% of linolenicacid. Conclusion The experiment shows excellent reproducibility and high feasibility for industrialproduction.
文摘A 90-day experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different dietary linoleic acid （LA; 18：2n-6） and linolenic acid ratios （LNA; 18：3n-3） on growth induces, feed utilization and tissue fatty acid profile of freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii post-larvae （PL）. The experiment was conducted in cubic indoor fiberglass tanks, each holding 700 L in triplicate. Post-larvae with an average weight of 20.8 ± 0.20 mg were stocked at 80 PL m2. Five experimental isocaloric （15.06 MJ kgl digestible energy）, and isonitrogenous （30.45% digestible protein） diets were formulated by blending of soybean oil and linseed oil to containing five dietary LA/LNA ratios （7.80, 2.75, 1.28, 0.65 and 0.30）. The highest survival values were recorded for prawn PL fed diet containing 0.65 LA/LAN ratios. Growth indices of PL significantly increased （P 〈 0.05） with decreased dietary LA/LAN ratios to 0.65. The same trend was observed for the highest （P ≤ 0.05） protein efficiency ratio, protein productive value, fat retention, energy retention and best feed conversion ratio. The total whole tissue polyunsaturated fatty acid composition of M. rosenbergii PL was dominated by LA followed by LAN. Post larvae fed the diets containing higher LA/LNA ratios showed a higher tissue LA/LNA ratio. The obtained findings revealed that fatty acid patterns ofM. rosenbergii PL were influenced by fatty acid profiles of diets. The diet containing 0.65 LA/LNA ratio is recommended to obtaining optimum growth performance and feed utilization for M. rosenbergii PL.
基金Supported by the International S&T Cooperation Program of China(No.2012DFA30450)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30871541)+1 种基金the Taishan Scholar Foundation of Shandong Province(No.tshw20091014)the Innovation Program of the University Institutes of Jinan,Shandong Province(No.201004044)
文摘Genetic modifi cation is useful for improving the nutritional qualities of cyanobacteria. To increase the total unsaturated fatty acid content, along with the ratio of ω-3/ω-6 fatty acids, genetic engineering can be used to modify fatty acid metabolism. S ynechococcus sp. PCC7002, a fast-growing cyanobacterium, does not contain a Δ6 desaturase gene and is therefore unable to synthesize γ-linolenic acid(GLA) and stearidonic acid(SDA), which are important in human health. In this work, we constructed recombinant vectors Syd6 D, Syd15 D and Syd6Dd15 D to express the Δ15 desaturase and Δ6 desaturase genes from Synechocystis PCC6803 in Synechococcus sp. PCC7002, with the aim of expressing polyunsaturated fatty acids. Overexpression of the Δ15 desaturase gene in S ynechococcus resulted in 5.4 times greater accumulation of α-linolenic acid compared with the wild-type while Δ6 desaturase gene expression produced both GLA and SDA. Co-expression of the two genes resulted in low-level accumulation of GLA but much larger amounts of SDA, accounting for as much to 11.64% of the total fatty acid content.
基金Supported byagrant of the Korea Health21 R and D Project, Ministry of Heath and Welfare, Republic of Korea, No. 02-PJ1-PG10-22003-0001
文摘AIM： To examine whether trans-10,cis-12 CLA （t10C12） or cis-9,trans-11 CLA （c9t11） inhibits heregulin （HRG）-β- stimulated cell growth and HRG-β-ErbB3 signaling in HT-29 cells. METHODS： We cultured HT-29 cells in the absence or presence of the CLA isomers and/or the ErbB3 ligand HRG-β. MTT assay, [^3H]thymidine incorporation, Annexin V staining, RT-PCR, Western blotting, immunoprecipitation, and in vitro kinase assay were performed. RESULTS： HRG-β increased cell growth, but did not prevent DNA t10c12-induced growth inhibition. T10C12 inhibited DNA synthesis and induced apoptosis of HT-29 cells, whereas c9t11 had no effect. T10c12 decreased the levels of ErbB1, ErbB2, and ErbB3 proteins and transcripts in a dose-dependent manner, whereas c9t11 had no effect. Immunoprecipitation/ Western blot studies revealed that t10c12 inhibited HRG- β-stimulated phosphorylation of ErbB3, recruitment of the p85 subunit of phosphoinositide 3-kinase （PI3K） to ErbB3, ErbB3-associated PI3K activities, and phosphorylation of Akt. However, c9t11 had no effect on phospho Aid： levels. Neither t10c12 nor c9t11 had any effect on HRG-β-induced phosphorylation of ERK-1/2. CONCLUSION： These results indicate that the inhibition of HT-29 cell growth by t10c12 may be induced via its modulation of ErbB3 signaling leading to inhibition of Akt activation.
文摘This study evaluates the incorporation of alpha-linolenic acid （LNA, 18：3n-3） through the golden flaxseed in snacks＇ formulations with and without seasoning. Snacks with different formulations presented significant differences （P 〈 0.05） in their proximate composition, mainly for total lipids and moisture content. Regarding the fatty acids profile, six different fatty acids were found： 16：0, 18：0, 18：1n-9, 18：1n-7, 18：2n-6 （LA） and 18：3n-3. The majority fatty acid was 18：2n-6 （LA） due to the predominance of corn in the products formulation. The incorporation of 18：3n-3 was observed, and this fatty acid was not affected by the extrusion temperature during the processing or the storage time. The results of sensory evaluation indicated that the product developed with addition of golden flaxseed had mild acceptance among the panelists. Thus, it was concluded that the addition of flaxseed is feasible for the nutritional enrichment of corn snacks.
文摘The goal of this study was to discover Scatella tenuicosta Collin （Diptera： Ephydridae） for the first time as a pest on blue-green algae Spirulina platensis. This algae has been recognized as a very important commercial product in the world today and as one of the most promising ones among the other microscopic algae due to its richness in polyunsaturated fatty acids, as well as in gamma-linolenic acid （GLA）, and in pigments including phycocyanin, myxoxanthophyll and zeaxanthin. Both immature and adult development stages ofS. tenuicosta have been studied under the temperature of 15±2℃. The development times for eggs, larval stages, including first, second, and third one, and for pupae as well as for adults were found to be 1.4, 1.0, 1.1, 1.1, 3.0 and 8.7 respectively. Some pest control practices ofS. tenuicosta on S. platensis have been also examined in this study.
文摘Microorganisms provide both beneficial and harmful effects to human beings. Beneficial effects come from the symbiotic relationship that exists between humans and microbiota, but then several human illnesses have turned some friendly microbes into opportunistic pathogens, causing several microbial-related diseases. Various efforts have been made to create and utilize antimicrobial agents in the treatment and prevention of these infections, but such efforts have been hampered by the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. Despite extensive studies on drug dis- covery to alleviate this problem, issues with the toxicity and tolerance of certain compounds and continuous microbial evolution have forced researchers to focus on screening various phytochemical dietary compounds for antimicrobial activity. Linolenic acid and its derivatives （eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid） are omega-3 fatty acids that have been studied due to their role in human health, being important for the brain, the eye, the cardiovascular system, and general human growth. However, their utilization as antimicrobial agents has not been widely appreciated, perhaps due to a lack of understanding of antimicrobial mechanisms, toxicity, and route of administration. Therefore, this review focuses on the efficacy, mechanism, and toxicity of omega-3 fatty acids as alternative therapeutic agents for treating and preventing diseases associated with pathogenic microorganisms.
