A nonequilibrium stage model was used to simulate countercurrent multicomponent catalytic distillation processes for methyl acetate hydrolysis. Computations of stage efficiencies or height equivalent to a theoretical ...A nonequilibrium stage model was used to simulate countercurrent multicomponent catalytic distillation processes for methyl acetate hydrolysis. Computations of stage efficiencies or height equivalent to a theoretical plate (HETP) were entirely avoided by this model. The consistency of simulated results and experimental data in conversions and concentration of each component along a column indicates that the model predicts the actual process well. The influences of operating parameters on hydrolytic conversions, such as feed molar ratios, feed locations, feed and reflux rates, heights of reactive and stripping sections, were analyzed adequately by simulating calculations. A good operating mode was then obtained, which is helpful to the development of a new process.展开更多
The binary liquid-liquid equilibrium(LLE) data for salt-containing systems of 1-butanol+water+CaCl2, n-butyl acetate+water+CaCl2 and ethyl acetate+acetic acid+water+CaCl2 were determined and the salt effect was analyz...The binary liquid-liquid equilibrium(LLE) data for salt-containing systems of 1-butanol+water+CaCl2, n-butyl acetate+water+CaCl2 and ethyl acetate+acetic acid+water+CaCl2 were determined and the salt effect was analyzed. The results showed that an obvious salt effect could be identified for the systems of 1-butanol+water+CaCl2 and ethyl acetate+acetic acid+water.展开更多
The mechanisms for fine-tuning ABA level related to grape berry ripening remain elusive. Here, transcription analysis showed that the mRNA expression level of 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase gene （VvNCED1） increas...The mechanisms for fine-tuning ABA level related to grape berry ripening remain elusive. Here, transcription analysis showed that the mRNA expression level of 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase gene （VvNCED1） increases first, rapidly in mesocarp before the onset of grape berry ripening. After VvNCED1 peaks its expression level, ABA content increases rapidly in mesocarp coupled with an increase in both soluble sugar content and pH value. On the onset of berry ripening, VvNCED1 transcripts decline rapidly to its lowest point, then increases slightly. Whereas, the mRNA expression level of B-glucosidase gene VvBGI, on the whole, increases constantly during grape berry ripening. During berry de-greening, ABA glucosyltransferase （VvGT） and ABA 8＇-hydroxylase （VvCYPI） equilibrate ABA level; during berry coloring-up, VvGT predominantly equilibrates ABA level, namely, the up-regulation of ABA level mainly leads from VvNCED1 and VvBG1 gene high expression; the down-regulation of ABA level leads mainly from VvCYP! transcript level both in ABA content- and developmental phase-dependence manner. In conclusion, our main results show that VvNCED1 and VvBG1 genes are closely related to grape berry ripening.展开更多
OBJECTIVE To observe the effect of all-trans retinoic acid （ATRA） on inducing human glioma MO59K cells differentiation and further explore the underlying molecular mechanisms.METHODS The expression of glial fibrilla...OBJECTIVE To observe the effect of all-trans retinoic acid （ATRA） on inducing human glioma MO59K cells differentiation and further explore the underlying molecular mechanisms.METHODS The expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein （GFAP） was detected by immunocytochemistry staining. The mRNA levels of GFAP, retinoid X receptor α（RXRα）, p21 were examined by semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis. Luciferase activity assay was performed in the COS-7, MO59K cells to measure p21 promoter transcription activity.RESULTS ATRA could significantly enhance the expression and mRNA level of GFAP by immunostaining and RT-PCR （P〈0.05）. Simultaneously, the mRNA levels of RXRα and p21 were remarkably increased in dose-dependent manner by RT-PCR （P〈0.05）. Furthermore, luciferase assay confirmed that ATRA and RXRα could transactivate p21 promoter in COS-7 and glioma cells （P〈0.05）.CONCLUSION ATRA can induce differentiation of human glioma cells. The RXRα and p21 were activated during ATRAinduced differentiation process. This effect may be caused by directly RXRα-induced p21 gene transactivation. Our findings provide novel evidence for the future studies to explore the molecular mechanism of transcriptional regulation for glioma cell differentiation and cellular therapeutic approaches for glioblastoma.展开更多
Zinc finger in the cerebellum 1 （Zicl） is known to regulate neurogenesis and myogenesis in the develop- mental stage and widely used as one of the brown adipocyte-specific markers. In this study, we examined the eff...Zinc finger in the cerebellum 1 （Zicl） is known to regulate neurogenesis and myogenesis in the develop- mental stage and widely used as one of the brown adipocyte-specific markers. In this study, we examined the effect of Zicl on brown adipogenesis. Overexpression of Zicl attenuated the lipid accumulation and the expressions of PPAR72 and C/EBPα in C3H10T1/2 mesenchymal stem cells. The mRNA levels of BAT-specific thermogenic genes （PRDM16, PGC-1α and UCP1） and fatty acid oxidation regulatory genes （PPARα, CPT1α, CPT1β and COX7α1） were suppressed in Zicl-overexpressed cells. Moreover, overexpression of Zicl reduced the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation （OXPHOS） regulatory proteins including ATP5α, UQCRC2, SDHB and NDUFB5. These results indicate a potential role of Zicl in the regulation of brown adipogenesis via inhibiting adipogenesis, fatty acid oxidation and mitochondrial OXPHOS.展开更多
文摘A nonequilibrium stage model was used to simulate countercurrent multicomponent catalytic distillation processes for methyl acetate hydrolysis. Computations of stage efficiencies or height equivalent to a theoretical plate (HETP) were entirely avoided by this model. The consistency of simulated results and experimental data in conversions and concentration of each component along a column indicates that the model predicts the actual process well. The influences of operating parameters on hydrolytic conversions, such as feed molar ratios, feed locations, feed and reflux rates, heights of reactive and stripping sections, were analyzed adequately by simulating calculations. A good operating mode was then obtained, which is helpful to the development of a new process.
文摘The binary liquid-liquid equilibrium(LLE) data for salt-containing systems of 1-butanol+water+CaCl2, n-butyl acetate+water+CaCl2 and ethyl acetate+acetic acid+water+CaCl2 were determined and the salt effect was analyzed. The results showed that an obvious salt effect could be identified for the systems of 1-butanol+water+CaCl2 and ethyl acetate+acetic acid+water.
基金This study is supported by China National Nattu-al Science Foundation （Project 31040006） and Beijing Natural Science Foundation and Scientific Research Key Program of Beijing Commission of Education （NO. KZ200910020001）.
文摘The mechanisms for fine-tuning ABA level related to grape berry ripening remain elusive. Here, transcription analysis showed that the mRNA expression level of 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase gene （VvNCED1） increases first, rapidly in mesocarp before the onset of grape berry ripening. After VvNCED1 peaks its expression level, ABA content increases rapidly in mesocarp coupled with an increase in both soluble sugar content and pH value. On the onset of berry ripening, VvNCED1 transcripts decline rapidly to its lowest point, then increases slightly. Whereas, the mRNA expression level of B-glucosidase gene VvBGI, on the whole, increases constantly during grape berry ripening. During berry de-greening, ABA glucosyltransferase （VvGT） and ABA 8＇-hydroxylase （VvCYPI） equilibrate ABA level; during berry coloring-up, VvGT predominantly equilibrates ABA level, namely, the up-regulation of ABA level mainly leads from VvNCED1 and VvBG1 gene high expression; the down-regulation of ABA level leads mainly from VvCYP! transcript level both in ABA content- and developmental phase-dependence manner. In conclusion, our main results show that VvNCED1 and VvBG1 genes are closely related to grape berry ripening.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China，Shandong Province Natural Science Foundation，Tianjin Natural Science Foundation
文摘OBJECTIVE To observe the effect of all-trans retinoic acid （ATRA） on inducing human glioma MO59K cells differentiation and further explore the underlying molecular mechanisms.METHODS The expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein （GFAP） was detected by immunocytochemistry staining. The mRNA levels of GFAP, retinoid X receptor α（RXRα）, p21 were examined by semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis. Luciferase activity assay was performed in the COS-7, MO59K cells to measure p21 promoter transcription activity.RESULTS ATRA could significantly enhance the expression and mRNA level of GFAP by immunostaining and RT-PCR （P〈0.05）. Simultaneously, the mRNA levels of RXRα and p21 were remarkably increased in dose-dependent manner by RT-PCR （P〈0.05）. Furthermore, luciferase assay confirmed that ATRA and RXRα could transactivate p21 promoter in COS-7 and glioma cells （P〈0.05）.CONCLUSION ATRA can induce differentiation of human glioma cells. The RXRα and p21 were activated during ATRAinduced differentiation process. This effect may be caused by directly RXRα-induced p21 gene transactivation. Our findings provide novel evidence for the future studies to explore the molecular mechanism of transcriptional regulation for glioma cell differentiation and cellular therapeutic approaches for glioblastoma.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program(XDB13030000)Key Research Program(KJZD-EW-L01-3)+1 种基金the One Hundred Talents Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2012CBA01301 and 2012CB944701,respectively)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31171131,81370951)
文摘Zinc finger in the cerebellum 1 （Zicl） is known to regulate neurogenesis and myogenesis in the develop- mental stage and widely used as one of the brown adipocyte-specific markers. In this study, we examined the effect of Zicl on brown adipogenesis. Overexpression of Zicl attenuated the lipid accumulation and the expressions of PPAR72 and C/EBPα in C3H10T1/2 mesenchymal stem cells. The mRNA levels of BAT-specific thermogenic genes （PRDM16, PGC-1α and UCP1） and fatty acid oxidation regulatory genes （PPARα, CPT1α, CPT1β and COX7α1） were suppressed in Zicl-overexpressed cells. Moreover, overexpression of Zicl reduced the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation （OXPHOS） regulatory proteins including ATP5α, UQCRC2, SDHB and NDUFB5. These results indicate a potential role of Zicl in the regulation of brown adipogenesis via inhibiting adipogenesis, fatty acid oxidation and mitochondrial OXPHOS.
