稠油油藏泥浆污染酸化配方研究及其应用

在油田水平井钻井过程中，极易造成油层伤害，新投水平井水平段泥浆污染异常突出，严重制约了新投水平井的初期开发效果。为此，通过不同质量分数单一酸液对泥浆的溶蚀等室内实验，确定盐酸和氢氟酸为主体酸。在此基础上，对盐酸、氢氟酸、酸化缓蚀剂和防淤渣剂的质量分数进行了优化，确定其质量分数分别为8％，4％，0．8％和1％，为防止二次沉淀产生，应添加质量分数为1％～2％的醋酸溶液，并加入了质量分数为3％的酸化复合添加剂，以替代常用的防膨剂和活性剂。性能对比与配伍性实验结果表明，新研制的酸液体系具有较低的表面张力和较好的防膨性能，并通过岩心驱替实验进行解堵效果评价。实验结果显示，该配方可使岩心渗透率恢复率达85．4％，对泥浆污染具有良好的解堵效果。对29口井的酸化、酸洗施工应用效果证实，解堵效果良好，累积产油量达4．18×10^4t，酸化成本共降低281．3×10^4元。

基于油田注水井缓速深部酸化解堵与复合解堵技术研究

针对某采油厂深部油层存在严重的结垢堵塞问题,对配位缓速酸化的各组成配比进行了优化,最佳的配比缓速酸化能够极好的适用于该地区油层的堵塞与垢结。这种解堵配方增加了效率半径和添加剂的用量,保护了油管、杆、泵,防止了Ca^(2+)、Mg^(2+)沉淀造成的新污染,设计了合理的多种工艺路线。在注入过程中采用了低排量的方法,这种方案的采用能够促使解堵酸剂在油层的油井周边的停留时间延长,从而更高地发挥了解堵酸剂消解堵塞的效率,并且酸剂得以渗透的更远、更广。

水平井封隔器分段酸化技术的研究与实践

根据大庆油田水平井在钻井、完井及生产过程中的污染情况,研究了针对性较强的复合酸酸化配方体系,该体系具有长效缓蚀、缓速和低伤害的特点,且长效缓蚀效果明显.酸液与试片反应15 d的平均腐蚀速率为0.19 g/(m^2·h),表面光洁无点蚀。针对长水平段均匀布酸困难的问题,建立了水平段酸液分流理论模型,并研究了小直径封隔器分段酸化工艺,该工艺技术借助滑套沟通井筒和地层,通过它们之间的多重组合,将整个水平射孔段分隔为多段处理,实现了严格意义上的分段酸化处理。现场试验4口井,试验结果表明该分段酸化技术工艺管柱设计合理、管柱起下顺利,一趟管柱实现了4段处理。措施后,单井平均日增液3.5 m^3,日增油3.1 t,现场增产效果较好。

注水井酸化解堵技术的研究与应用

扶余油田注水开发时间较长,污水全部回注,各种化学增产措施的实施,导致部分储层污染,欠注井、层逐年增加,常规处理措施已不能满足需求。为此,深化欠注井机理认识,持续开展"管理增注一方水工程",坚持"水井欠注,不等于油层物性差"理念,逐井查找导致欠注的主要因素,验证每口井的启动压力,提出相应解堵增注措施。

新疆某油田储层酸液配方性能室内实验评价

油层在钻井、完井、修井以及生产过程中皆遭受不同程度的污染。因此恢复和提高油层渗流能力就尤为重要。而酸化作为恢复和提高油层渗透能力的主要手段。酸化恢复油层渗透能力关键环节之一是选择适合储层的经济的酸化配方。本文对新疆某油田储层酸化配方进行了筛选和性能评价。评价的性能主要有：酸液的溶蚀性、酸液的缓速性、界表面张力、酸液的缓蚀性、酸液与地层水和原油的配伍性、酸液的悬浮性。最后用动态实验模拟现场酸化对所筛选配方进行了综合评价。

基于低渗油藏增能解堵技术研究

低渗透油藏在世界石油储量中占有重要且不断增长的份额,但其开采也往往伴随着较差的采收率。有效开发低渗透油藏也是石油勘探领域的一项世界性难题。通过总结开发关键技术,探讨低渗油藏开发发展的前景和技术方向。阐述了低渗油藏开发的主要理论与技术研究成果。并将上述理论运用于某油田,通过对不同堵塞机理的分析和酸化配方的优化,形成了适合油田油层解堵的最佳解堵工艺。该解堵配方增加了效率半径,并增加了添加剂的用量,以保护管道、杆和泵不受Ca^(2+)和Mg^(2+)等沉淀的影响。针对该油田低渗油层的特点,设计了合理的多种工艺,并在注入过程中采用了低排量的方法。该方法延长了解堵液在井筒周围停留的时间,可以有效地消除井筒附近的堵塞,效果显著,为油田稳产做出了积极贡献。

Study on Preservative Formula and Shelf Life of Cantonese Style Moon Cakes

To ensure the safety of consumers, prolong the shelf life of moon cake and reduce the cost of manufacturing and marketing enterprises, the optimization of preservative formula and the shelf life of cantonese style moon cake were studied. Through single and compound formula preservative test, the results showed that potassium sorbate and sodium dehydroacetate could inhibit the microorganisms in the moon cake, but the inhibitory effect of sodium dehydroacetate was stronger than that of potassium sorbate; and the combination of potassium sorbate and sodium dehydroacetate had a synergistic effect, and the best formula is ＇potassium sorbate 0.44 g/kg mixed with sodium dehydroacetate 0.38 g/kg. A batch of moon cake was prepared with the best preservative formula, then the total number of colonies, molds and coliform group in the samples were detected by random sampling at irregular intervals. The total number of molds exceeded the limit on the 187^th d, and it indicated that the shelf life of the product was 187 d. Compared with the conventional 15-day shelf life, this research greatly prolongs the sheff life of cantonese style moon cake, and cut down the cost of moon cake enterprises. It is worthy of popularization and application.

Study on Preparation Process of Effervescent Tablets Made from EGCG of Tea

[ Objectivel The study aimed to discuss the preparation process of Epigallocatechin-3-gallate （EGCG） effervescent tablets. [ Method] Various raw materials were dried for different time at 50℃, and then the sticking degree of EGCG effervescent tablets was reviewed. Hereafter, the formula of EGCG effervescent tablets was optimized by orthogonal test. [ Result] Effervescent tablets without sticking were smooth after being dried for 150 rain. The optimal formula of EGCG effervescent tablets was composed of 4% EGCG, 45% citric acid and sodium carbonate （Citric acid： Sodium carbonate = 1.6：1 ）, 20% lactose, 4% L-leucine, 4% sodium cyclamate and 23% orange powder. [Condusion] The prepared EGCG effervescent tablets without sticking has a good effervescence effect and taste.

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of a New Chain Coordination Polymer [Cu(inio)_2(H_2O)]_∞(Inio = Isonicotinic Acid N-Oxide)

A new Cu(Ⅱ) coordination polymer [Cu(inio)2(H2O)] (inio = isonicotinic acid N-oxide) with chemical formula C12H10CuN2O7 was prepared and its crystal structure has been determined by X-ray analysis. The complex crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group C2/c with a = 12.455(3), b = 6.202(1), c = 16.555(3) ? b = 106.776(3), V = 1224.3(4) 3, Z = 4, Mr = 357.76, Dc =1.941 g/cm3, m(MoKa) = 1.827 mm-1, F(000) = 724, R = 0.0601 and wR = 0.1417 for 908 observed reflections (I > 2s(I)). The Cu(Ⅱ) atom is coordinated by an elongated square pyramid geometry. The deprotonated isonicotinic acid N-oxides form a double-bridge between each pair of Cu(Ⅱ) ions in trans form through two oxygen atoms from the carboxyl groups and two other oxygen atoms from the -NO groups, respectively, which leads to an infinite one dimensional chain. The two adjacent elongated Cu(Ⅱ) square pyramidal geometries are arranged in trans form in the same chain. The OH…O hydrogen bonds extend the chain structure into two-dimensional layers.