施用酸性土壤调节剂、腐熟咖啡果皮对咖啡苗生长及土壤养分含量、酶活性的影响

【目的】研究咖啡园施用酸性土壤调节剂、腐熟咖啡果皮对咖啡苗生长及土壤养分含量、酶活的影响,为促进农业废弃物咖啡果皮的综合利用和改良咖啡园酸性土壤质量提供技术支持和理论依据。【方法】采集56年龄咖啡园土壤,添加不同量的酸性土壤调节剂克酸宝(TL)和腐熟咖啡果皮(CP),试验处理分别为:对照CK(表土100%)、 TL1(TL2%)、 TL2(TL4%)、 TL3(TL6%)、 TL4(TL8%)、 CP1(CP4%)、 CP2(CP8%),分析添加TL和CP对咖啡叶片光合参数、干物质积累量、土壤pH值、土壤养分含量及土壤酶活性的影响。【结果】添加TL提高土壤pH值0.8~1.6,添加CP土壤pH值先增后降,种植6个月,土壤pH值比对照降低0.50个单位;土壤速效钾、交换性钙、交换性镁含量随TL和CP施入量增加而显著增加,CP处理全N、碱解氮、速效磷显著高于其余处理,但添加TL处理土壤速效磷显著降低,其中TL4比对照低69.34%。光合参数表现最好的是TL2、 TL3,二磷酸核酮糖(RuBP)酶活性、净光合速率(Pn)分别比对照提高101.16%、135.30%,81.71%、80.35%。其次为CP1、CP2;添加TL和CP土壤酶活性除酸性磷酸酶(ACP)与对照差异不显著外,其余酶活均有不同程度提高。各处理碱性磷酸酶(ALP)是对照的2.05~3.71倍,过氧化氢酶(S-CAT)显著高于对照109.62%~18.60%,由高到低为CP2> CP1> TL4> TL3> TL2。脲酶(S-UE)比对照高18.70%~5.37%,最高为CP2、 CP1,其次为TL1、 TL4。TL2、 TL3、CP1、CP2处理不同程度促进了咖啡植株生长和干物质累积量,其中株高、茎粗比对照提高25.09%~81.29%,叶、根、茎干重和单株总干重比对照提高1.65~5.02倍,效果最显著为CP1处理。【结论】施用适量的TL和CP改善了土壤微生物环境,提高了土壤养分有效性,促进了咖啡植株的生长。但TL添加量增加,土壤交换态钙过高会引起磷的固定,添加CP随着有机氮的矿化,使土壤pH值降低。

Effects of Oyster Shell Soil Amendmenton Fruit Auality and Soil Chemical Properties in Greenhouse Tomato Acidic Soils

[Objective]The aim was to explore the feasibility of applying oyster shell soil amendment for tomato production in order to determine proper quantity of the soil conditional.[Method]Field tests were performed to research effects of the soil conditioner on tomato yield,quality and soil p H.[Result]The results showed that tomato yield increased in the treatment groups with oyster shell soil amendment.The group SC50 increased the most by 16.5%than the control group.Based on normal fertilization,tomato growth was promoted by the soil amendment,and per tomato weight and lycopene content both improved during peak-fruiting period.Besides,soil p H value was enhanced by the soil amendment also.[Conclusion]It can be concluded that the effect was the best when soil conditioner was applied at 750 kg/hm2.