酸性水系统工艺设备和管道腐蚀原因与防护对策

介绍了环烷酸装置酸性水系统工艺设备和管道腐蚀的情况,分析了造成腐蚀的原因,制订并实施了相应对策,取得了良好效果。

炼油装置酸性水系统运行分析及优化

某炼化企业共有4套酸性水汽提装置,总的设计负荷能够处理上游各生产装置产生的酸性水。但是随着企业生产装置数量增加和规模扩大,酸性水系统流程越来越复杂化,同时伴随着加工原油劣质化,加氢装置含氨酸性水量增加,以及酸性水汽提装置自身运行不稳定等因素,酸性水系统平衡出现了困难。通过酸性水系统流程改造、生产装置酸性水去向合理调整等措施,趋利避害,不断优化酸性水系统平衡,为生产装置稳定运行提供保障。

Performance of water-based foams affected by chemical inhibitors to retard spontaneous combustion of coal

The micelle generating process of the sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS) solution with the addition of chemical inhibitors was elucidated using phase separation model, and the descending order of the capacity for the selected chemical inhibitors to reduce the critical micelle concentrations of the solution are Mg Cl_2, Ca Cl_2,NH_4HCO_3 and NH_4Cl. The data to quantitatively describe the foam decay process, including foaming ratio,foam life and decay behaviors, was obtained by pressure measuring system. The results indicate that chemical inhibitors can improve the solution foamability. The capacity of the inhibitors to enhance the solution foamability is sorted as NH_4 Cl, NH_4HCO_3, Mg Cl2 and Ca Cl_2 which can distinctly improve the foam stability as well. The capacity of the inhibitors to enhance the SDS foam stability can be arranged as Mg Cl_2, NH_4 Cl, NH_4HCO_3 and Ca Cl_2. It is observed that the gravity drainage plays a leading role in the increase of proportion of diffusion drainage. The oxidation dynamic parameters of the coal samples treated by inhibition foams were investigated using thermal analysis technique, and their synergistic effects on inhibiting coal oxidation were explored.

GyrB Gene Acts as a Phylogenetic Discriminator for Bacterial Diversity in Acid Mine Drainage

To study the efficiency ofDNA gyrase subunit B （gyrB） gene as means of diversity analysis, diversities of gyrB genes in three AMD samples collected from Dabaoshan Mine were studied by analyzing gyrB gene library. Many novel gyrB sequences and groups were detected. The results show that Acidithiobacillusferrooxidans-like bacteria represented 88.0% of the bacterial population in a sample. However, other two samples showed much high diversities. These diversities were characterized by the reciprocal of Simpson＇s index （l/D）, and show ferrous ion strongly influenced the composition of the microbial communities. The study indicate that gyrB Gene as a phylogenetic discriminator is a good tool to study different strains in same species that were difficult to be distinguished by 16S genes. But now gyrB Gene cannot define clearly unknown sequences to certain lineage, due to the incompleteness of the gyrB database.

三种消毒方法对重症监护病房物体表面消毒效果的比较研究

目的比较3种消毒方法在消毒后不同时间对重症监护病房高频接触物体表面的杀菌效果,探讨合理的消毒方法与消毒间隔时间。方法 2015年11月—12月分别采用楼宇系统酸性氧化电位水、卫生湿巾和500 mg/L含氯消毒液对4个高频接触物体表面进行擦拭消毒,于消毒前和消毒后10 min、30 min、1 h、2 h、4 h采样培养,比较消毒后不同时点各方法的杀菌率和消毒合格率。结果 3种方法的杀菌率和消毒合格率均随时间下降。楼宇系统酸性氧化电位水在各时点的杀菌率均低于其他2组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);含氯消毒液和卫生湿巾消毒后4 h内的杀菌率均>90.0%。消毒后10、30 min,3种方法的消毒合格率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);消毒后1、2、4 h,楼宇系统酸性氧化电位水的消毒合格率均低于卫生湿巾和含氯消毒液,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),且消毒后4 h消毒合格率为0.0%;消毒后4 h,卫生湿巾的消毒合格率低于含氯消毒液,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论楼宇酸性氧化电位水杀菌效果弱于含氯消毒液和卫生湿巾,且物体表面消毒后易再次污染,建议楼宇酸性氧化电位水擦拭消毒频次为1次/h,卫生湿巾和含氯消毒液擦拭消毒频率可为每2小时1次。