To understand the effects of the chemical and physical properties of plant leaves on food choice in Rhinopithecus bieti, we collected mature leaves of nine food and five non-food plant species at the southernmost part...To understand the effects of the chemical and physical properties of plant leaves on food choice in Rhinopithecus bieti, we collected mature leaves of nine food and five non-food plant species at the southernmost part of the species＇s range. Chemical properties such as fat, ash, crude protein （CP）, total phenolics （TP）, and fiber content including neutral detergent fiber （NDF）, acid detergent fiber （ADF）, lignin, celluloses and hemicelluloses, and physical toughness were measured. R. bieti tended to choose leaves with lower fiber content, higher ash, a higher ratio of CP/ADF, and lower toughness. No difference was found for fat, crude protein, total phenolics, hemicelluloses and lignin between food and non-food leaves. Even though the ratio of CP/ADF is generally regarded as a good indicator for colobine food choice, the difference in the ratio of CP/ADF between food and non-food leaves was only the result of differences in ADE Since positive correlations were found between ADF and tough- ness from all leaves （both food and non-food species）, and toughness of leaves was likely easier for R. bieti to sense than fiber content via mastication, the toughness of leaves may function as a predictor of food choice in this species [Current Zoology 56 （6） 643-49, 2010].展开更多
A metabolism trial was conducted to investigate the effects of graded dietary supplement of Sodium Butyrate （SB）, either powder （uncoated） or coated on nutrient utilization in broilers. Seventy-two 42-day-old AA b...A metabolism trial was conducted to investigate the effects of graded dietary supplement of Sodium Butyrate （SB）, either powder （uncoated） or coated on nutrient utilization in broilers. Seventy-two 42-day-old AA broilers were randomly divided into nine treatments, each treatment consisted of four replicate cages of two chickens each. Broilers were fed the following diets： A） CTR： control diet （without any SB and antibiotics）; B） Antibiotic： supply antibiotics （Zinc Bacitracin 40 mg/kg ＋ Colistin Sulfate 8 rng/kg） into the basal diet; C） PSB-100： control diet ＋ 100 mg/kg PSB （powder Sodium Butyrate）; D） PSB-200： control diet ＋ 200 mg/kg PSB; E） PSB-300： control diet ＋ 300 mg/kg PSB; F） CSB-100： control diet ＋ 100 mg/kg CSB （coated Sodium Butyrate）; G） CSB-200： control diet ＋ 200 mg/kg CSB; H） CSB-300： control diet ＋ 300 mg/kg CSB. The birds were housed in 36 wire cages in an environmentally controlled room, fed for ad libitum intake and had free access to water. Feed and excreta samples were collected to determine DM （dry matter）, CP （crude protein）, EE （ether extract）, GE （gross energy） and NDF （neutral detergent fibre）. Results in- dicated that compared with control diet, SB could improve the AMR （apparent metabolic rate） and TMR （true metabolic rate） ofDM, CP, EE, GE and NDF on broilers, and it could replace antibiotics partly, and the effect of CSB was better than that of powder （uncoated） ones.展开更多
基金supported by TNC "Conservation Ecology of Yunnan Snub-nosed Monkey (Rhinopithecus bieti) at Two Geographic Extremes of Species Range"PhD Funding from Dali University,National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.30770308,30960084,30960085)+1 种基金Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control in Yunnan Province (ZK09A313)Key Subject of Wildlife Conservation and Utilization in Yunnan Province (XKZ200904)
文摘To understand the effects of the chemical and physical properties of plant leaves on food choice in Rhinopithecus bieti, we collected mature leaves of nine food and five non-food plant species at the southernmost part of the species＇s range. Chemical properties such as fat, ash, crude protein （CP）, total phenolics （TP）, and fiber content including neutral detergent fiber （NDF）, acid detergent fiber （ADF）, lignin, celluloses and hemicelluloses, and physical toughness were measured. R. bieti tended to choose leaves with lower fiber content, higher ash, a higher ratio of CP/ADF, and lower toughness. No difference was found for fat, crude protein, total phenolics, hemicelluloses and lignin between food and non-food leaves. Even though the ratio of CP/ADF is generally regarded as a good indicator for colobine food choice, the difference in the ratio of CP/ADF between food and non-food leaves was only the result of differences in ADE Since positive correlations were found between ADF and tough- ness from all leaves （both food and non-food species）, and toughness of leaves was likely easier for R. bieti to sense than fiber content via mastication, the toughness of leaves may function as a predictor of food choice in this species [Current Zoology 56 （6） 643-49, 2010].
文摘A metabolism trial was conducted to investigate the effects of graded dietary supplement of Sodium Butyrate （SB）, either powder （uncoated） or coated on nutrient utilization in broilers. Seventy-two 42-day-old AA broilers were randomly divided into nine treatments, each treatment consisted of four replicate cages of two chickens each. Broilers were fed the following diets： A） CTR： control diet （without any SB and antibiotics）; B） Antibiotic： supply antibiotics （Zinc Bacitracin 40 mg/kg ＋ Colistin Sulfate 8 rng/kg） into the basal diet; C） PSB-100： control diet ＋ 100 mg/kg PSB （powder Sodium Butyrate）; D） PSB-200： control diet ＋ 200 mg/kg PSB; E） PSB-300： control diet ＋ 300 mg/kg PSB; F） CSB-100： control diet ＋ 100 mg/kg CSB （coated Sodium Butyrate）; G） CSB-200： control diet ＋ 200 mg/kg CSB; H） CSB-300： control diet ＋ 300 mg/kg CSB. The birds were housed in 36 wire cages in an environmentally controlled room, fed for ad libitum intake and had free access to water. Feed and excreta samples were collected to determine DM （dry matter）, CP （crude protein）, EE （ether extract）, GE （gross energy） and NDF （neutral detergent fibre）. Results in- dicated that compared with control diet, SB could improve the AMR （apparent metabolic rate） and TMR （true metabolic rate） ofDM, CP, EE, GE and NDF on broilers, and it could replace antibiotics partly, and the effect of CSB was better than that of powder （uncoated） ones.
