空气-磷酸活化木炭制备酸性颗粒活性炭的研究

提出了一种新型活化方法,空气-磷酸活化法,利用此方法活化原料木炭制备了酸性颗粒活性炭。通过测定活性炭的氮气吸附等温线和二氧化碳吸附等温线,分析了活性炭的孔隙结构;采用Boehm酸碱滴定法测定了活性炭的表面官能团含量。研究结果显示:空气-磷酸活化是空气和磷酸活化两种活化机制作用的结果。空气活化以形成中孔为主,而磷酸活化则以形成微孔为主;空气-磷酸活化在活性炭中形成了具有强酸性的含磷表面官能团。而且,活性炭的孔隙结构和表面化学性质可以通过改变浸渍时磷酸浓度和活化温度进行调控。

用活性炭固载酸性催化剂合成氯乙酸乙酯

介绍了以氯乙酸和乙醇为原料,采用颗粒状活性炭固载对甲苯磺酸作催化剂合成氯乙酸乙酯的方法,考察了活性炭固载对甲苯磺酸催化剂用量、酸醇摩尔比、带水剂苯用量、反应时间对酯化产率的影响。实验结果表明,在氯乙酸与无水乙醇摩尔比1：1.2,催化剂用量为反应物总量的3.3%,带水剂苯12.5 mL,反应时间1.5 h的最佳反应条件下,酯化产率可达91.43%。

Photocatalytic activity and kinetics for acid yellow degradation over surface composites of TiO_2-coated activated carbon under different photocatalytic conditions

TiO2-coated activated carbon surface （TAs） composites were prepared by a sol-gel method with supercritical pretreatment. The photocatalytic degradation of acid yellow （AY） was investigated under UV radiation to estimate activity of catalysts and determine the kinetics. And the effects of parameters including the initial concentration of AY, light intensity and TiO2 content in catalysts were examined. The results indicate that TAs has a higher efficiency in decomposition of AY than P25, pure TiO2 particles as well as the mixture of TiO2 powder and active carbon. The photocatalytic degradation rate is found to follow the pseudo-first order kinetics with respect to the AY concentration. The new kinetic model fairly resembles the classic Langmuir-Hinshelwood equation, and the rate constant is proportional to the square root of the light intensity in a wide range. However, its absorption performance depends on the surface areas of catalysts. The model fits quite well with the experimental data and elucidates phenomena about the effects of the TiO2 content in TAs on the degradation rate.

NO adsorption and temperature programmed desorption on K_2CO_3 modified activated carbons

Fuel cell stacks as the automotive power source can be severely poisoned by a trace amount of NOx in atmosphere,which makes it necessary to provide clean air for fuel cell vehicles.In this work,activating commercial activated carbons with K2CO3 for the large enhancement of NO capture was studied.K2CO3 modified activated carbons(K2CO3 ACs)were prepared by impregnating activate carbons in K2CO3 solution under ultrasound treatment,followed by temperature programmed baking at 800 oC.The dynamic NO flow tests on K2CO3 ACs at room temperature indicated that NO adsorption capacity reached the maximum(96 mg/g)when K2CO3 loading was 19.5 wt%,which corresponded to a specific surface area of 1196.1 m2/g and total pore volume of 0.70 cm3/g.The ten-fold enhancement of NO adsorption on K2CO3 ACs compared to the unimpregnated activated carbon was mainly attributed to the formation of potassium nitrite,which was confirmed by FTIR and temperature programmed desorption measurements.Regeneration tests of NO adsorption on the optimum sample revealed that 76%of the NO adsorption capacity could be remained after the fourth cycle.

Error Analysis of Adsorption Isotherm Models for Acid Dyes onto Bamboo Derived Activated Carbon

High surface area activated carbons were produced by thermal activation of waste bamboo scaffolding with phosphoric acid.Single component equilibrium dye adsorption was conducted on the carbons produced and compared with a commercially available carbon.Two acid dyes with different molecular sizes,namely Acid Yellow 117(AY117) and Acid Blue 25(AB25),were used to evaluate the adsorption capacity of the produced carbons.It was found that the dye with smaller molecular size,AB 25,was readily adsorbed onto the produced carbon,nearly three times higher than a commercially available carbon,while the larger size dye,AY117,showed little adsorption.The experimental data were analyzed using isotherm equations including Langmuir,Freundlich,Tempkin,Toth,Redlich-Peterson and Sips equations.The equilibrium data were then analyzed using five different non-linear error analysis methods.

Influence of Nitric Acid Concentration on Characteristics of Olive Stone Based Activated Carbon

In this work we investigated the effect of nitric acid concentration on the pore structure,surface chemistry and liquid phase adsorption of olive stone based activated carbon prepared by mixing process using phosphoric acid and steam as activating agents.Chemicals and textural characterization show that the increase of HNO3concentration increases considerably the total acidic groups but decreases specific surface area and pore volume.The study of adsorption in aqueous solutions of two organics,phenol and methylene blue,on raw and oxidized activated carbon indicates that the treatment of mixed activated carbon with different concentrations of nitric acid improves the adsorbent capacity for methylene blue at HNO3concentrations less or equal to 2 mol·L 1,while it has a negative effect on phenol adsorption.

Investigation on the Key Factors and the Solution for pH Value Decrease in Carbon Filter in O3-BAC Process＊

An investigation was carried out to eliminate the decrease of effluent pH value in carbon filter in O3-biological activated carbon process. The influence factors were examined in a pilot test, and pH was adjusted in the pilot and waterworks. Results show that the carbon filter is an acid-base buffer system and the activated carbon is the key factor. Chemical functional groups on activated carbon surface present acid-base properties to buffer the water but decrease with time, so that effluent pH value decreases. The effects of ozone dosage, CO2 in the carbon filter, and the filter influent quality are negligible. A new method to adjust pH is developed: the activated carbon is first modified by soaking in sodium hydroxide solution to make its pH reach the desired value, and then the pH value of inflow is controlled to certain value by dosing lime in sand filter influent. The method is economical and effective.