松果有效成分的研究Ⅳ.红松果多糖中酸性糖的含量测定

用硫酸-咔唑比色法测定了红松果多糖中酸性糖的含量，并考察了浓硫酸与咔唑的用量及反应温度、时间等因素对显色反应的影响，最大吸收波长520nm，测得酸性糖在1．0～7．0μg／ml浓度范围内与吸收度呈线性关系（r＝0．9999，n＝7），平均回收率为99．0％～99．8％，RSD为1．3％～2．3％（n＝6），最低检测浓度为0．05μg／ml。

脑脊液α_1—抗胰蛋白酶、α_1—酸性糖蛋白测定对中枢神经系统白血病的诊断价值

急性白血病(急白)患者血清α1-抗胰蛋白酶(α1-AT)，α1-酸性清蛋白(α1-AG)增高已多有报道。但脑脊液(CSF)α1-AT、α1-AG在中枢神经系统白血病(CNSL)中的变化尚未见报道，为了探讨CNSL的早期诊断，我们对30例无中枢神经系统浸润的白血病患者和11例CNSL患者CSFα1-AT，α1-AG进行了测定，结果如下。

阳离子化胶金法的酸性糖质组织化学

阳离子化胶金法的酸性糖质组织化学加盐，信行等（鹿岛大学医学部解剖学第二讲座）用阳离子化胶金（ＣａｔｉｏｍｉｃＣｏｌｌｏｉｄａｌｇｏｌｄ－ＣＣＧ）组织化学法可以证明组织中酸性复合糖质的存在。在将染色液ｐＨ值调节适当的情况下，本法对识别酸性复合糖质中的羧...

‘红富士’苹果果实蔗糖代谢与酸性转化酶和蔗糖合酶关系的研究

‘红富士’苹果果实生长发育过程中糖积累和糖代谢相关酶活性的变化规律表明 ,发育前期 ,可溶性酸性转化酶和细胞壁结合酸性转化酶活性与此阶段果实中可溶性糖的积累量呈显著的负相关 ;发育后期 ,蔗糖合酶与蔗糖的积累水平呈显著的正相关。据此认为 。

低糖低乳糖酸性果汁风味发酵乳的制作工艺及质量控制

本文以鲜牛乳、乳糖酶、酸性果汁(冻百香果汁)、白砂糖、增稠剂、碳酸氢钠等为原料,以嗜热链球菌、保加利亚乳杆菌为发酵菌种,经巴氏杀菌、调香、发酵、灌装制成低糖低乳糖酸性果汁(百香果味)风味发酵乳饮品。通过成品感官鉴定、理化和微生物检测指标,分析了成品存在质量问题的原因,并在试制过程中制定相关控制措施,得出最佳生产低糖低乳糖酸性果汁(百香果味)风味搅拌型酸奶的工艺参数。结果表明,通过对低糖低乳糖酸性果汁风味发酵乳制作工艺的研究,优化试生产过程;通过调整酸性果汁(冻百香果汁)添加方式及顺序,增加原料乳乳糖水解工艺,降低白砂糖配比,优化低糖低乳糖酸性果汁风味发酵乳的工艺,使生产的低糖低乳糖酸性果汁风味发酵乳产品口感最佳。

豆渣可溶酸性多糖的分离纯化及结构解析

利用DEAE-Cellulose离子交换色谱柱对豆渣可溶性多糖进行分离纯化,获得了2种电荷均一的水溶性大豆多糖(soluble soybean polysaccharides,SSPS)SSPS-A1和SSPS-A2。进一步对组分SSPS-A1进行凝胶过滤色谱,获得电荷和分子质量均一的多糖组分SSPS-A1-c。对其进行分子质量、单糖组成、红外光谱和核磁分析。结果表明:SSPS-A1-c分子质量为31.6 kDa,主要由半乳糖醛酸(galacturonic acid,GalA)、半乳糖(galactose,Gal)和阿拉伯糖(arabinose,Ara)组成,其物质的量比为GalA∶Gal∶Ara=17.3∶44.9∶19.1;还含有少量的鼠李糖、葡萄糖和木糖;红外光谱分析表明SSPS-A1-c具有O—H、C—H和C=O等酸性多糖的特征吸收峰,同时SSPS-A1-c还存在一定程度的甲酯化或乙酰化修饰;核磁共振图谱表明,SSPS-A1-c具有α-1,5-Araf、α-t-Araf以及β-t-Galp的化学位移,推测其含有阿拉伯糖半乳聚糖(AG型)果胶结构域。同时还含有α-1,4-Galp A和CH3COO-的化学位移,推测其含有部分乙酰化的半乳糖醛酸聚糖(HG型)果胶结构域,结果和单糖组成和红外分析结果一致。研究结果将为豆渣可溶酸性多糖的应用提供理论依据,对豆渣的综合开发利用具有重要意义。

海带酸性聚糖J201A抑制肺成纤维细胞增殖活性的探讨

目的:研究海带酸性聚糖J201A对人胚肺成纤维细胞（HLF）体外增殖的抑制作用及其作用机制。方法:MTT法观察J201A对HLF体外增殖的抑制情况;流式细胞仪检测J201A对HLF增殖周期及蛋白质合成的影响;荧光染色法验证HLF上J201A受体的存在。结果:J201A体外能明显抑制HLF的增殖,将其阻抑在G0/G1期,能明显抑制其蛋白质的合成,且HLF上存在J201A的受体。结论:J201A可通过周期抑制和蛋白质合成抑制而阻止HLF的增殖,从而起到抗纤维化作用。

动物肠道内容物中8种酸性低聚糖的液相色谱-质谱联用测定方法

本试验旨在建立一种测定动物肠道内容物中3′-唾液乳糖(3′-SL)、6′-唾液乳糖(6′-SL)、3′-唾液基-N-乙酰乳糖胺(3′-SLN)、6′-唾液基-N-乙酰化乳糖胺(6′-SLN)、3′-唾液基-3-岩藻基乳糖(3′-S,3-FL)、唾液基乳糖-N-四糖a(LSTa)、唾液基乳糖-N-四糖c(LSTc)和二唾液酰乳糖(DSL)8种酸性低聚糖的液相色谱-质谱联用方法。将肠道内容物冷冻干燥后粉碎,以水作为提取溶剂,超声提取、离心,重复提取2次,合并上层清液;上层清液用乙腈沉淀蛋白,离心并用固相萃取小柱净化,净化液过0.22μm滤膜,进行液相色谱-质谱分析。以Acquity UPLC BEH Amide色谱柱进行分离,8种酸性低聚糖在7 min内达到基线分离。结果表明:8种目标物的保留时间和峰面积的相对标准偏差均分别小于0.5%和11.0%。3′-SL、6′-SLN、LSTa、3′-S,3-FL、LSTc、3′-SLN、DSL和6′-SL的线性范围分别为5.00~2000.00 ng/mL、2.50~100.00 ng/mL、9.59~94.00 ng/mL、10.00~100.00 ng/mL、27.80~200.00 ng/mL、4.00~80.00 ng/mL、6.00~120.00 ng/mL、16.10~642.00 ng/mL。8种目标物质分别在线性范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均达到0.991以上,检测限在0.335~8.330 ng/mL,平均回收率为77.3%~122.9%。综上所述,该方法选择性强、样品用量少、操作简单,可用于定量测定不同肠段的内容物中8种酸性低聚糖,该方法的建立可为研究酸性低聚糖在动物健康中的作用机制提供技术支撑。

‘玫瑰香’和‘红地球’葡萄杂交后代果实糖酸性状遗传倾向分析

以‘玫瑰香’ב红地球’杂交后代为试验材料,测定了成熟果实中可溶性固形物和可滴定酸的含量,并进行了遗传倾向分析。结果表明,杂交后代果实中可溶性固形物和可滴定酸的含量呈连续分布,为数量性状,后代呈现一定程度分离。可溶性固形物和可滴定酸含量的子代均值均高于亲中值,子代超高亲比例均高于超低亲比例;二者均保持了较高的组合传递力。总的来说,该组合可溶性固形物和可滴定酸含量均出现超高亲子代,表现出一定的杂种优势,趋向于高糖高酸的遗传特点。

神经节苷脂分离纯化过程中的共性问题

神经节苷脂(ＧＬＳ)是存在于细胞膜表面的一类酸性糖脂,对神经系统的发育再生至关重要,ＧＬＳ结构复杂,目前只能依赖生物提取方法获得。各种哺乳动物脑组织中ＧＬＳ含量丰富,是首选材料。分离过程包括总脂提取、ＧＬＳ萃取和层析等步骤,目前已有不少分离和提取方法,本文对其中的一些共性问题进行了综述。层析是纯化ＧＬＳ的关键,其目的为最大限度地去除磷脂、蛋白脂等,其方式多种多样。为提高产率、产量和纯度,既要设法提高层析上样量,也要减少提取过程中ＧＬＳ的丢失,还需兼顾到溶剂用量及生产周期问题。

Physiological Responses of Yixing Lily Leaf and Bulb to Drought Stress

[Objective]To explore an effective method for evaluating drought resistance of Yixing lily and provide a reference for selecting drought-resistant Yixing lily varieties. [Method]Through artificial simulation of drought stress environment,the changes of physiological indexes,such as content of proline,malonaldehyde,and reducing sugar in Yixing lily leaf and bulb were observed,when soil water content changed. [Result]The response to drought stress of the Yixing lily leaf was greater than that of the bulb,and the content of the proline and malonaldehyde was higher than that of the reducing sugar. [Conclusion]The leaves as an appropriate material for evaluation and analysis on drought resistance can better reflect the physiological responses of Yixing lily to drought stress. And the content of the malonaldehyde and that of proline are preferable indexes.

Effects of Chitosan and Salicylic Acid on Cold Resistance of Litchi under Low Temperature

This paper focused on the effect of spraying chitosan and salicylic acid to Litchi under low temperature stress conditions.The physiology and biochemistry of litchi were studied as well.Results showed that the appropriate concentration of chitosan and salicylic acid treatment could effectively reduce injury caused by low temperature to litchi,compared with water control,chlorophyll,proline,soluble protein content of litchi after treatment and the activity of protective enzyme increasing significantly.However,the accumulation of resistance could significantly be improved.Furthermore,when 1 000 mg/L chitosan combined with 50 mg/L salicylic acid,the litchi acquired the best cold resistance capability.

Effect of pyrite, elemental sulfur and ferrous ions on EPS production by metal sulfide bioleaching microbes

Extracellular polymeric substances （EPS） produced by acidophilic bioleaching microorganisms play an important role in the production of acid mine drainage and metal sulfide bioleaching. EPS mediate the contact between microbial cells and growth substrates, having a pivotal role in organic film formation and bacterium-substratum interactions. The production and chemical composition of EPS produced by seven bioleaching strains grown with different substrates were studied. Analysis of the EPS extracted from these strains indicated that the EPS consisted of carbohydrates, proteins and galacturonic acid. The contents of EPS, carbohydrates, proteins and galacturonic acid of EPS were largely related to the kind of strain used and culture condition. The results show that EPS productions of microbes grown with pyrite were significantly higher than those of microbes grown with sulfur or FeSO4·7H2O. The highest EPS production of the seven acidiphilic strains was （159.43±3.93） mg/g, which was produced by Leptospirillum ferriphilum CBCBSUCSU208015 when cultivated with pyrite.

Construction of Fusion Expression Vector of α-galactosidase-EGFP in Cucumber

[Objective] The research aimed to construct the fusion protein expression vector of α-galactosidase-EGFP （enhanced green fluorescent protein） in cucumber controlled by CaMV35S promoter.[Method] CaMV35S promoter sequence and the coding region of EGFP were amplified by polymerase chain reactions （PCR） with vector pCambia 1303 as the template.Using reverse transcript PCR technology,with total RNAs of cucumber as template,the coding region of acid α-galactosidase Ⅰ in cucumber was amplified.The above three fragments were inserted into the multiple cloning sites of expression vector pCambia 1381c.The fusion expression vector of α-galactosidase-EGFP located at the C-terminal of the target genes was constructed.[Result] After enzyme digestion and sequencing,the fusion expression of α-galactosidase-EGFP in cucumber was constructed successfully.[Conclusion] The research laid the experimental basis for further study on the subcellular localization of α-galactosidase in cucumber.

Screening of a Novel Bioflocculant-producing Strain and Research on Its Flocculation

[Objective] This study aimed to screen a bacterial strain capable of producing bioflocculant. [Method] A bacterial strain T-11 capable of producing bioflocculant was isolated from activated sludge. Detailed tests on the morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics were carried out and identification was performed to identify the strain. Finally, the bioflocculant was isolated and purified, and the flocculating activity and chemical characteristics were measured. [Result] It was identified as Serratia plumuthica based on its morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics. This strain secreted flocculant best in a culture medium which included sucrose and NaNO3. The maximal cell growth was achieved within 10 h and the flocculating activity paralleled to it. It was found to be effective for flocculation of kaolin suspension, when added at a final concentration of 0.7 mg/L, over a range of pHs （2-7）, and temperature （approximately 30-80 ℃）. Chemical analysis indicated that the bioflocculant was an acidic polysaccharide consisting of glucose, glucuronic acid and galactose, talose and altrose. Infrared spectrum analysis also revealed typical characteristics of polysaccharides. [Conclusion] The biofloccu- lants produced by strain T-11 can greatly improve the ability of activated sludge to settle.

Study on Physiological Characteristics of Three Different Cold-resistant Tomato Strains

[Objective]The aim was to study cold-resistant indexes and physiological characters of three different cold-resisitant tomato strains selected under natural conditions. [Method]With 3-4 weeks tomato seedlings as tested materials,through simulating external environment conditions by the cold treatment in lab,the survival ratio and growth status of seedlings were identified; by studying the morphological change of in vitro leaves after cold treatment and determining the relative conductivity,the cold-resistant degree of different tomato strains was identified and the correlation between conductivity and survival rate was analyzed; the variation of soluble sugar and praline content in plant of tomato was determined under the condition of cold stress. [Result]The results showed that leaf morphological changes,size of conductivity and growth status of different tomato strains after cold treatment have significant differences; the variation of soluble sugar contents in plant has significant differences,while the variation of proline content has no significant differences. [Conclusion]There is a certain correlation between conductivity and survival rate under cold treatment conditions,and plant cold tolerance is related to accumulation of soluble sugar content.

维生素C的结构、性质及在烹调中的变化

本文主要阐述了维生素 C的结构 。

Characterization of the Full-length cDNA, Chromosomal Localization, and Polymorphism of the Porcine RPLP0 Gene

RPLPO gene encodes the acidic ribosomal phosphoprotein large P0 subunit, which is a component of the 60S subunit. The full-length cDNA sequence of porcine RPLPO was obtained from skeletal muscle of fetal pig cDNA library and deposited in GenBank. The nucleotide sequence and the predicted protein sequence shared high sequence identity with other mammalian homologues. A C/A single nucleotide substitution in exon 5 was detected as Csp6 Ⅰ polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism （PCR-RFLP） shows allele frequency diversity among Tongcheng, Xiaomeishan, Yushan, Large White, Landrace, and Duroc breeds. Analyses of somatic cell hybrid panel （SCI-IP） and radiation hybrid （IMpRH） panel showed that the RPLPO gene was mapped to SSC 14q22-q24 and was closely linked to locus SW1321 （25 cR, LOD = 14.54）.

Adiponectin Gene Variation -4522C/T Is Associated with Type 2 Diabetic Obesity and Insulin Resistance in Chinese

The authors investigated the possible association of -4522C/T variation of adiponectin gene with coronary heart disease （CHD） and type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM）. Genotyping of SNP --4522C/T in 304 patients with CHD, 389 patients with T2DM, and 405 age and sex-matched healthy control subjects was carried out by means of PCR-RFLP approach. No significant difference in the genotype or allele frequencies was found, either between patients with CHD and control subjects, or between patients with T2DM and control subjects. However, in the subgroup analysis, an association of the TAr genotype and T allele with type 2 diabetes combined with obesity （BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2） was found （P = 0.014 and P = 0.034, respectively）. Also the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance （HOMA-IR） in T2DM patients with T/T genotype was significantly higher than that in T2DM patients carrying C allele （P = 0.0069）. The authors＇ findings for the first time demonstrated that SNP --4522 in the adiponectin gene was associated with T2DM that combined with obesity and higher insulin resistance index in patients with T2DM. This indicated that the variation might associate with an increased susceptibility to type 2 diabetic obesity and insulin resistance. But -4522C/T polymorphism did not contribute to the susceptibility of CHD.