低频超声协同Fe-Ni-Mn/Al_2O_3催化降解酸性绿B的研究

采用低频超声与Fe-Ni-Mn/Al2O3催化剂协同降解偶氮染料酸性绿B模拟废水,考察染料初始浓度和pH值、催化剂、饱和气体及H2O2等因素对酸性绿B降解效果的影响,结果表明:催化剂Fe-Ni-Mn/Al2O3与低频超声存在协同效应,催化剂的最佳投加量为6 g/L;酸性条件有利于染料的超声降解,当pH=3.8时,可取得最佳的降解效果;酸性绿B降解率随初始浓度的增大而降低,其优化初始浓度为100 mg/L,此外,在反应体系中鼓入饱和气体也可促进酸性B的降解,且影响顺序为混合气体(air+Ar)>氧气>氩气;在反应过程中投加H2O2有利于染料降解率的提高。在优化实验条件下降解150 min,酸性绿B色度去除率达到91.4%。

用过氧硫酸氧化处理偶氮染料酸性绿20废水

研究了采用电解硫酸法制备氧化剂,并用以处理以酸性绿20为代表的偶氮染料废水,初步确定了氧化剂添加量、反应时间、反应温度、催化剂种类、催化剂添加量和氧化剂投加方式等对酸性绿20废水处理效果的影响。确定的最佳反应条件为:废水中酸性绿20质量浓度200 mg/L;以硫酸钴为催化剂,分2次投加;氧化剂添加量30 mL/L;催化剂添加量0.02 g/L;反应温度60℃;反应时间60 min。在最佳条件下,酸性绿20废水的脱色率达100%,COD去除率达90%。紫外光谱分析结果表明,偶氮键最先断裂,随后萘环、苯环断裂,发色团被破坏,这是本方法处理偶氮染料废水的主要机制。

有机改性硅藻土对甲基橙、酸性绿两种阴离子的吸附实验研究

阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵可以有效对天然硅藻土进行有机改性,获得有机改性硅藻土。有机改性硅藻土对富含甲基橙、酸性绿溶液的吸附实验研究结果表明,在相同条件下,改性硅藻土对甲基橙的吸附效果比较好,对酸性绿的吸附效果不是很理想,但也远远高于硅藻土原土对这两种阴离子的吸附效果。在室温条件下,当甲基橙溶液的浓度为20mg/L时,改性硅藻土投加量为0.2g、pH值为4、吸附时间为80min,改性硅藻土对其的吸附效果较好;在室温条件下,当染料酸性绿溶液的浓度为20mg/L时,改性硅藻土投加量为0.15g、pH值为4、吸附时间为80min,改性硅藻土对其的吸附效果较好;两种阴离子的吸附过程均符合Freundlich模型。基于n值对比分析,改性硅藻土对甲基橙的吸附属于优惠吸附,而对酸性绿的吸附属于非优惠吸附。

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定食品中喹啉黄、酸性绿S和专利蓝V

目的:建立一种快速、准确的食品中喹啉黄、酸性绿S和专利蓝V的高效液相色谱-串联三重四级杆质谱测定方法。方法:样品经提取、聚酰胺小柱净化、解析处理后,采用XDB-C18色谱柱,以乙腈和0.02mol/L乙酸铵为流动相,梯度洗脱分离后,在负离子和多反应监测(MRM)模式下进行定性和定量分析。结果:在优化的条件下,喹啉黄、酸性绿S和专利蓝V的检出限为1～10ng/mL;在5～1000ng/mL质量浓度范围线性良好,相关系数均大于0.99;平均回收率在85%以上,相对标准偏差均小于10%。结论:该方法简单、灵敏度高,适用于食品中喹啉黄、酸性绿S和专利蓝V3种着色剂的同时定性和定量分析。

活化粉煤灰对弱酸性艳绿GS吸附性能的研究

采用添加石灰、升温活化的方法对粉煤灰进行改性，研究了制备活化粉煤灰的适宜条件及其对吸附弱酸性艳绿ＧＳ（以下简称ＧＳ染料）性能的影响。活化灰的饱和吸附量是原灰的４７倍。对ＣＯＤＣｒ为５６９ｍｇ／Ｌ的实际ＧＳ染料生产废水的ＣＯＤＣｒ去除率为９０％以上，脱色率达９０％以上。通过热谱、红外光谱分析，探讨了活化粉煤灰的结构及吸附机理。

探究影响电化学方法降解酸性艳绿染料废水效果的因素

染料废水具有色度高、成分复杂、COD(氧化需氧量)高、高毒性、水质水量变化大等特点,直接排放会造成严重的水污染。因此,有必要开展具体试验研究如何利用电化学氧化方法处理染料废水。本文以钛网为阴极,钛棒为阳极,研究了电解质种类、电解时间对模拟酸性艳绿染料废水电化学氧化的效果。试验结果表明,对于质量浓度为0.1 g/L的酸性艳绿染料废水,电化学氧化降解的最佳氧化效果的电解质为NaCl溶液,延长电解时间有利于酸性艳绿染料废水的脱色。

Na_5[Ce(ZrMo_(11)O_(39))]·xH_2O杂多酸盐的光催化降解性能

采用傅立叶变换红外光谱仪和X射线衍射仪对自制的Keggin型结构的Na5[Ce(ZrMo11O39)]·xH2O杂多酸盐进行了表征,并研究了Na5[Ce(ZrMo11O39)]·xH2O杂多酸盐对模拟酸性绿B印染废水的光催化降解效果。实验结果表明:合成的杂多酸盐具有Keggin型结构;在模拟酸性绿B印染废水初始质量浓度为10mg/L、初始pH为6、杂多酸盐加入量为0.8g/L的条件下,光照160min后模拟印染废水中酸性绿B的降解率达79.49%。动力学分析结果表明,降解反应符合一级反应动力学模型。

Keggin型Ni-Mo-Zr杂多酸盐的合成、表征及催化超声降解性能

采用水热合成法制备了Keggin型结构的Ni-Mo-Zr杂多酸盐,并利用红外光谱(IR)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)对合成的产物进行了表征。以酸性绿B(AGB)为目标物,研究了在超声波辐射下,Ni-Mo-Zr杂多酸盐的投加量、染料废水初始浓度、pH值等因素对降解效果的影响。结果表明,新合成的杂多酸盐具有Keggin型结构。当将其作为催化剂、投加量为0.8 g/L、染料废水的初始浓度为10 mg/L、初始pH=5时,用40 kHz超声频率辐射60 min,染料废水的降解率最高可达90.2%。通过动力学分析,降解反应符合一级反应动力学模型,降解速率随初始浓度的增加而减小。

流动态微波催化反应器处理染料废水的工艺稳定性

酸性蒽醌绿染料在微波辐射催化剂作用下,其脱色率与反应时间、固液比、进样浓度、微波功率密切相关.在静态试验中,固液比为1:2,反应时间为12min,200mg/L的酸性蒽醌绿染料的脱色率达82%.固液比越高,脱色效果越好;但功率过大,造成催化剂损失,效果反而下降.在连续流固液比1:1,进样浓度为200mg/L,HRT为10min,微波功率为250W时,酸性蒽醌绿染料脱色率保持在87.5%左右.

新催化光度法测定铝土矿中锰含量

建立了新催化动力学光度法测定铝土矿中锰含量的方法。该方法的线性范围为0μg/L^3.2μg/L,检测限为3.5×10-6g/L,相对标准偏差RSD=0.93%(n=11),回收率98.00%~100.33%,测定结果与国家标准方法一致。用此法进行铝土矿中锰含量的测定,具有操作容易、结果准确、重现性好的特点。

多光谱法研究AG9/AB9与BSA相互作用的pH依赖行为

采用多光谱技术研究pH-依赖的食品色素酸性绿9(AG9)和酸性蓝9(AB9)与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)间的相互作用。BSA-AG9/AB9体系的KSV值与温度呈负相关,对应的K_q值比猝灭剂与生物分子的最大散射碰撞猝灭常数(2.0×10^(10) L·mol^(-1)·s^(-1))高,且BSA的RLS光谱强度随AG9/AB9的加入逐渐增强,表明AG9/AB9对BSA的猝灭机制是静态猝灭而不是动态猝灭。从热力学参数ΔG^0<0,ΔH^0<0,ΔS^0>0可以看出AG9/AB9与BSA间的结合作用是以静电力为主要驱动力的自发放热过程。所研究pH范围内,AG9/AB9在BSA上的特异性结合位点位于Trp残基(位点Ⅰ,子域ⅡA),在相同条件下的结合亲和力遵循以下顺序:BSA-AG9>BSA-AB9。两体系在低pH溶液中的K值较大,证实AG9/AB9与BSA间结合作用的pH依赖行为:随酸性的增强而增强。此外,分析不存在和存在AG9/AB9时H_(urea)的变化来探讨BSA的结构稳定性。

AG9/AB9与牛血清白蛋白相互作用的德拜休克尔极限理论分析及其焓熵补偿

本研究通过多光谱技术深入探讨盐浓度(离子强度)对酸性绿9(acid green 9,AG9)和酸性蓝9(acid blue 9,AB9)与牛血清白蛋白(bovine serum albumin,BSA)之间相互作用的影响。运用德拜休克尔极限理论定量分析,计算得到真实的吉布斯自由能变化(ΔG^0_I→0)和BSA的阴离子受体腔内有效电荷(Z_B)。配体AG9/AB9所带电荷Z_C的值为负,Z_B的值为正,意味着相反电荷之间离子对的形成,即AG9/AB9的负电荷与BSA的净正电荷结合腔(位点-Ⅰ)相结合,表明BSA的局部电荷主导BSA-AG9/AB9体系的相互作用,而不是它的整体或表面电荷。随着盐浓度的增加,这两个体系的熵变逐渐由正值变为负值,且焓变逐渐增大,使ΔG^0几乎不变而发生焓熵补偿。最终其热力学参数由ΔH^0<0、ΔS^0>0(静电力)在高盐浓度下转变为ΔH0<0、ΔS0<0(非静电力),表明AG9/AB9与BSA相互作用时,它们的移动或局部运动由于主导力的转变而受阻。

苏木素碱性品红苦味酸染色对显示家兔急性心肌缺血的观察

目的 :探讨苏木素碱性品红苦味酸 (HBFP)染色对诊断心肌早期缺血的评价。方法 :应用结扎家兔左冠状动脉建立急性心肌缺血的模型 ,用HBFP染色探讨心肌缺血时心肌形态学的改变与心肌缺血时间的规律 ,同时与改良Gomoris、酸性复红光绿法、苏木素伊红 (HE)染色比较。结果 :在家兔心肌缺血 15min时 ,HBFP染色明确显示心肌细胞红染呈灶状分布 ,而HE染色无改变。结论

Construction of Fusion Expression Vector of α-galactosidase-EGFP in Cucumber

[Objective] The research aimed to construct the fusion protein expression vector of α-galactosidase-EGFP （enhanced green fluorescent protein） in cucumber controlled by CaMV35S promoter.[Method] CaMV35S promoter sequence and the coding region of EGFP were amplified by polymerase chain reactions （PCR） with vector pCambia 1303 as the template.Using reverse transcript PCR technology,with total RNAs of cucumber as template,the coding region of acid α-galactosidase Ⅰ in cucumber was amplified.The above three fragments were inserted into the multiple cloning sites of expression vector pCambia 1381c.The fusion expression vector of α-galactosidase-EGFP located at the C-terminal of the target genes was constructed.[Result] After enzyme digestion and sequencing,the fusion expression of α-galactosidase-EGFP in cucumber was constructed successfully.[Conclusion] The research laid the experimental basis for further study on the subcellular localization of α-galactosidase in cucumber.

Fate of N from Green Manures and Ammonium Sulfate

By means of ^15N tracer technique the fate of N in ammonium sulfate,milk vetch,sesbania and azolla,and the availability of their residual N were studied in a microplot experiment.Results showed that a) at the end of the first crop of early rice,both plant recovery and loss of N from ammonium sulfate were the highest whereas those from azolla were the lowest with those from milk vetch and sesbania in between;the sequence was reversed in terms of recovery of N in soil;the net residual N from ammonium sulfate was very low,about 1/7-1/4 of that from green manures,indicating that chemical N fertilizer contributes little to the soil N reserve;b) plant recovery of the residual N was low and it did not always decrease with time;the total plant recovery (from the second to the fifth crops) of the residual N from various test fertilizers was only 8-11% of the total N originally applied;c) the plant recovery of the residual N from ammonium sulfate was the highest,followed by those from milk vetch and sesbania,and that from azolla was the lowest,no matter in which cropping season (from the second to the fifth);N availability ratio showed the same trend,indicating that chemical N fertilizer helps renovate soil organic N,maintain and increase availability of soil N.

Effective removal of brilliant green from aqueous solution with magnetic Fe_3O_4@SDBS@LDHs composites

The magnetic composite-materials(Fe3O4@SDBS@LDHs)were prepared by sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate(SDBS)modified layered double hydroxides(SDBS@LDHs)with Fe3O4via co-precipitation method.The results of XRD,FT-IR and SEM/EDS indicated that the dispersibility of LDHs was improved,and the modification of SDBS took place on the surface of LDHs.The adsorption capacity of Fe3O4@SDBS@LDHs to brilliant green(BG)reaches329.1mg/g after the adsorption equilibrium.The thermodynamic parameters indicated that the adsorption process was endothermic and spontaneous,and the rate of a reaction increased with the raise of the reaction temperature.The Langmuir model was applicable for describing the sorption isotherms,indicating that the adsorption process is a monolayer adsorption.The results of kinetics study showed that adsorption fitted the pseudo-second order model well.The adsorbents still have good adsorption performance after four adsorption cycles.Moreover,the magnetic composite could be easily separated from aqueous solution.This indicated that Fe3O4@SDBS@LDHs can be considered as potential adsorbents in environmental applications for the removal of BG from aqueous solutions.

Synthesis and physico-chemical properties of new green electrolyte 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium perchlorate

1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium perchlorate([BMIM]ClO4) was synthesized by two steps with N-methylimidazolium.Some physico-chemical properties,such as density,surface tension,viscosity,electrical conductivity as well as electrochemical window,were investigated and solvent performance was also studied.The results show that this kind of ionic liquid is an excellent electrolyte with low viscosity,high electrical conductivity and wide electrochemical window.In addition,[BMIM]ClO4 is soluble in most conventional solvents and some metal oxides have high solubility in it,which lays the foundation of direct electrolysis of metal oxides in this ionic liquid.

Biodiversity of Free-Living Marine Nematodes in the Southern Yellow Sea,China

Biodiversity pattems of free-living marine nematodes were studied using specific, taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity measures in the southern Yellow Sea, China. The results showed that the average of Shannon-Wiener diversity index （H＇） in the study area was 3.17. The higher values were distributed in the east part of Shandong coastal waters and north part of Jiangsu coastal waters, while the lower values were distributed in the southern Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass （YSCWM）. The average of taxonomic diversity （A） was 62.09 in the study region. The higher values were distributed in the transitional areas between the coastal areas and the southem YSCWM, while the lower values were distributed near the north part of Jiangsu coastal waters and the YSCWM. Results of correlation analysis of species diversity and taxonomic diversity showed that some of the two kinds of diversity index were inde- pendent, which suggested that combining the two kinds of diversity indices can reflect the ecological characteristics better. A test for 95% probability funnels of average taxonomic distinctness and variation in taxonomic distinctness suggested that Station 8794 （in the YSCWM） was outside of the 95% probability funnels, which may be due to the environmental stress. Results of correlation analysis between marine nematodes biodiversity and environmental variables showed that the sediment characteristics （Mdo and Silt-clay fraction） and phaeophorbide a （Pha-a） were the most important factors to determine the biodiversity patterns of marine nematodes.

Chemical Characteristics and Anticoagulant Activities of Two Sulfated Polysaccharides from Enteromorpha linza (Chlorophyta)

Two sulfated polysaccharides, designated MP and SP, were extracted from the marine green alga Enteromorpha linza using hot water and then purified using ion-exchange and size-exclusion chromatography. The anticoagulant activities of MP and SP were examined by determination of their activated partial thromboplastin time （APTT）, thrombin time （TT） and prothrombin time （PT） using human plasma. Results showed that MP and SP were composed of abundant rhamnose with small amounts of xylose and glucuronic acid, whereas SP also contained a small amount of galactose. Approximate molecular weights of MP and SP were 535 and 502 kDa, respectively. As compared with SP, MP had higher contents of sulfate ester （19.0%） and uronic acid （14.9%）. The MP mainly consisted of （1→4）-linked rhamnose residues with partially sulfated groups at the C-3 position, and small amounts of （1→3, 4）-linked rhamnose, （1→2,4）-linked rhamnose, （1→4）-linked glucuronic acid and （1→4）-linked xylose residues. The SP contained abundant （1→4）-linked rhamnose with minor amounts of （1→3）-linked rhanmose, （1→3, 4）-linked rhamnose, （1→2, 4）-linked rhanmose, （1→4）4inked glucuronic acid, （1→4）-linked xylose, and （1→3）-linked galactose residues. The sulfate groups were mainly located at C-3 of （1→4）-linked rhamnose residues. Both MP and SP, in particular the former, effectively prolonged APTT and TT. This work demonstrates that MP and SP have unique structural characteristics distinct from those of other sulfated polysaccharides from Enteromorpha. The MP is a potential source of anticoagulant, and the difference in anticoagulant activities of the two sulfated polysaccharides is directly linked to the discrepancy of their chemical features.

An efficient synthesis of polysubstituted tetrahydropyrimidines using acidic Al_2O_3 as solid media

A series of polysubstituted tetrahydropyrimidines were synthesized in moderate to good yields via a one-pot, four-component reaction of an alkyne, formaldehyde, and amines in solid media acidic Al2O3. The advantages of this protocol include mild reaction conditions, broad substrate scope, and environmentally friendly reaction media.