高酸值鱼油酸法催化乙酯化工艺的研究

以浓硫酸为催化剂 ,对高酸值金枪鱼油进行了乙醇酯化工艺的研究。试验确定反应的最优工艺条件为 :反应温度 70℃ ,浓硫酸用量为鱼油的 9% (W/W) ,反应时间为 6h。在最优条件下 ,鱼油的乙酯化产品酸值最低 ,乙酯化程度最高。反应产物用分子筛或无水硫酸钠脱水后 。

催化氧化酸浸法处理锌精矿的研究

本文概述了催化氧化酶浸法处理硫化锌精矿的结果．采用催化氧化酸浸（100℃，400KPaA）－和氧化除铁－锌粉置换除铜镉－碳酸铵（或碳酸氢铵＋氨水）沉淀碱式碳酸锌的全湿法新工艺可生产一级减式碳酸锌，催化氧化酸浸之锌浸出率为95％．所得产品经新技术──等离子热分解可获得超细活性氧化锌。也可将所得硫酸锌溶液净化后用于锌电积，获得符合标准要求的电积锌。

煤矸石酸碱一步催化法制备SiO_(2)气凝胶

以山西朔州煤矸石为单一硅源,采用酸碱一步催化法制备超疏水二氧化硅气凝胶材料。通过单因素浸出试验,考察了盐酸浓度和酸浸温度对氧化铝浸出的影响、氢氧化钠浓度和碱浸温度对二氧化硅浸出的影响、酸碱一步催化时盐酸浓度对气凝胶的影响。结果表明:当酸浸过程中盐酸浓度为3 mol/L、酸浸温度100℃、氢氧化钠浓度3 mol/L、碱浸温度80℃、酸碱一步催化过程中的盐酸浓度为2 mol/L时,氧化铝浸出率达81.26%、二氧化硅浸出率达86.53%,气凝胶样品的表观密度、比表面积和疏水角分别为0.04 g/cm^(3)、610.68 m^(2)/g和144.8°。该技术为煤矸石的综合利用提供了一种有效途径。

催化节酸法磷矿直接生产饲料级磷酸氢钙工艺技术研究

介绍催化节酸法磷矿直接生产饲料级磷酸氢钙新工艺技术的研究。

酸碱催化法制备生物柴油技术研究

酯交换方法是制备生物柴油最常用的方法。酯交换法包括酸碱催化法、酶催化法、超临界法等。主要介绍了酸碱催化法的催化剂、反应结果以及优缺点,并展望了酸碱催化法制备生物柴油技术的发展方向。

酸-碱两步催化对氧化钽气凝胶形貌及性能的影响

以乙醇钽为前驱体,盐酸/氨水为催化剂制备出块状氧化钽气凝胶。两步酸-碱催化法制备的Ta2 O 5气凝胶具有凝胶时间快、密度低、强度高、不易开裂、收缩小和半透明等优点。对制备的气凝胶用SEM、BET等手段进行表征。BET 法测得酸-碱两步催化制备 Ta2 O5气凝胶的比表面约为493 m2/g, NLDFT理论得出孔径主要分布在2~8 nm 之间,比一步酸催化制备的 Ta2 O5气凝胶的比表面（400 m2/g）高、孔径分布（2~20 nm）窄；SEM测试结果表明酸-碱两步催化制备的 Ta2 O 5气凝胶是由纳米颗粒随机堆积起来的,与一步酸催化制备的 Ta2 O 5气凝胶相比具有纳米颗粒尺寸小、孔径分布窄等优点。并对盐酸/氨水制备过程中的反应机理进行了初步探索。

纳米多孔SiO_2功能薄膜制备方法的研究进展

纳米多孔SiO2薄膜的各种优异性能,使其在众多领域中占有极大的应用潜力。对一些新的制备纳米多孔SiO2薄膜的方法如自组装法、酸碱两步催化法、微波合成法进行了概括和总结,并分析了其原理、方法和特点。

单分散核壳结构SiO_2磁性微球的制备及性能

采用溶胶凝胶法、酸碱两步催化法和乳液成球法制备单分散核壳结构的Si O2磁性微球,利用Leitz光学显微镜、场发射扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、能谱仪和振动样品磁强计分别对微球的形貌、粒度分布、物相组成、化学成分和磁性能进行了表征。结果显示采用酸碱二步催化乳液成球法制备的Si O2磁性微球显示出良好的核壳结构,粒径分布在20μm左右,主要物相是无定形的Si O2和尖晶石型的Fe3O4,保持了Fe3O4磁性粒子的超顺磁性,是一种优异的生物磁性材料。

Study on catalyst for pyridine synthesis

The synthesis of pyridine from aldehydes and ammonia was performed over ZSM-5 catalyst. The catalytic activity in reaction was correlated with the acidity of the zeolite catalysts. A few of ZSM-5 (m(SiO2)/m(Al2O3)=120) were prepared and modified with Co2+, Fe3+. The surface acidity was determined by Py-IR technique. It was found that CoZSM-5 and FeZSM-5 have fewer Lewis acid sites than HZSM-5. The decrease of Lewis acid sites leads to decreasing the ability of NH3 adsorption, this phenomenon insures that there are adequate acid sites discovering and reacting with aldehydes. It is advantageous to the reaction. By using a CoZSM-5 catalyst, the yields of pyridine base can reach 78%. The study provides a theoretical base for preparing high activity and high selective catalyst for pyridine synthesis.

Direct Synthesis of Diphenyl Carbonate with Heterogeneous Catalyst and Optimal Synthesis Conditions of the Support Prepared by Sol-gel Method

The support of catalyst for the direct synthesis of diphenyl carbonate （DPC） by heterogeneous catalytic reaction was prepared by the sol-gel method. Compared with activated charcoal, molecular sieve, porous ceramics, hopcalite, the support prepared by the sol-gel method has higher activity. The characterization of the support by X-ray diffraction （XRD） and transmission electron microscope （TEM） show that the mare crystal phase is Co2MnO4 and the average particle diameter is about 40 nm. The optimum conditions for synthesis of the support were determined by orthogonal experiments, which indicate that the proportion of Cu, Mn, and Co is the first important factor influencing the yield and selectivity of DPC. Temperature of calcination is the second one. The optimum conditions are： molar proportion of Cu, Mn, and Co being 1 ： 1 ： 1, temperature of calcination 700℃, drying at 100~C, temperature of water bath 85~C. The yield and selectivity of DPC in the process can reach 38% and 99% in the batch operation, respectively. The copper cobalt manganese mixed oxides chosen as the support contribute more to the high catalytic activity than the sol-gel method.

Acid Separation, Catalytic Oxidation and Coagulation for ATC Waste Liquid Treatment

It is difficult to treat 2-amino-thiazoline-4-carboxylic acid （ATC） waste liquid effectively at present for its characteristics of high chemical oxygen demand （COD）, high salinity and low biodegradability. In order to solve this problem, this paper presents several kinds of physical-chemical treatment unit techniques, including acid separation, catalytic oxidation and coagulation. First of all, acid separation was adopted to precipitate relevant organics at isoelectric point. When the temperature and pH value of acid separation were controlled at about 5 ℃ and 2.2 respectively, the COD removal rate could reach 27.600. Secondly, oxidation was used to break chemical constitution of refractory organics. The optimal reaction parameters of catalytic oxidation should be 20 ℃, pH adjusted to 5.0 and [Fe2+] 300 mg/L. Then with 500 H2O2 added and after one-hour reaction, the COD removal rate could achieve about 5200. Finally, coagulation was adopted to remove a portion of refractory organics, and 1500 polymeric molysite flocculant was the best for the coagulation, and the COD removal rate could reach about 1500. Therefore, the proposed feasible process of physical-chemical pretreatment for ATC waste liquid could have about 7000 COD removed in total.

Synthesis of acetals and ketals catalyzed by tungstosilicic acid supported on active carbon

Catalytic activity of activated carbon supported tungstosilicic acidin synthesizing 2-methyl-2-ethoxycarbonylmethyl- 1,3-dioxolane, 2,4-dimethyl-2-ethoxycarbonylmethyl-1,3-dioxolane, cyclohexanone ethylene ketal, cyclohexanone 1,2-propa- nediol ketal, butanone ethylene ketal, butanone 1,2-propanediol ketal, 2-phenyl-1,3-dioxolane, 4-methyl-2-phenyl-1,3-dioxolane, 2-propyl-1,3-dioxolane, 4-methyl-2-propyl-1,3-dioxolane was reported. It has been demonstrated that activated carbon supported tungstosilicic acid is an excellent catalyst. Various factors involved in these reactions were investigated. The optimum conditions found were: molar ratio of aldehyde/ketone to glycol is 1/1.5, mass ratio of the catalyst used to the reactants is 1.0%, and reaction time is 1.0 h. Under these conditions, the yield of 2-methyl-2-ethoxycarbonylmethyl-1,3-dioxolane is 61.5%, of 2,4-dimethyl- 2-ethoxycarbonylmethyl-1,3-dioxolane is 69.1%, of cyclohexanone ethylene ketal is 74.6%, of cyclohexanone 1,2-propanediol ketal is 80.1%, of butanone ethylene ketal is 69.5%, of butanone 1,2-propanediol ketal is 78.5%, of 2-phenyl-1,3-dioxolane is 56.7%, of 4-methyl-2-phenyl-1,3-dioxolane is 86.2%, of 2-propyl-1,3-dioxolane is 87.5%, of 4-methyl-2-propyl-1,3-dioxolane is 87.9%.

One Step Preparation of Sulfonated Solid Catalyst and Its Effect in Esterification Reaction

A carbon-based sulfonated catalyst was prepared by direct sulfonation and carbonization （in moderate conditions：200 ＆#176;C, 12 h） of red liquor solids, a by-product of paper-making process. The prepared sulfonated cata-lyst （SC） had aromatic structure, composed of carbon enriched inner core, and oxygen-containing （SO3H, COOH, OH） groups enriched surface. The SO3H, COOH, OH groups amounted to 0.74 mmol·g^-1, 0.78 mmol·g^-1, 2.18 mmol·g^-1, respectively. The fresh SC showed much higher catalytic activity than that of the traditional solid acid catalysts （strong^-acid 732 cation exchange resin, hydrogen type zeolite socony mobile-five （HZSM-5）, sulfated zir-conia） in esterification of oleic acid. SC was deactivated during the reactions, through the mechanisms of leaching of sulfonated species and formation of sulfonate esters. Two regeneration methods were developed, and the catalytic activity can be mostly regenerated by regeneration Method 1 and be fully regenerated by regeneration Method 2, respectively.

THE PREPARATION AND PHOTOCATALYTIC ABILITY OF LEAD TITANATE

he perovskite-type PbTiO3 has been synthesized by the method of mixed oxides. The appropriate conditions for preparing have been reported. The obtained PbTiO3 powder is pure and fine. The decolorization of dyes in a PbTiO3 suspension system is over 90%. In this paper the photocatalytic ability of PbTiO3 and the factors of influence are discussed.

A new solid acid SO_4^(2-)/TiO_2 catalyst modified with tin to synthesize 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate

A new solid acid catalyst,SO4^2-/TiO2 modified with tin,was prepared using a sol-gel method and its physicochemical properties were revealed by nitrogen adsorption-desorption,X-ray powder diffraction,scanning electron microscopy,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,infrared spectroscopy of adsorbed pyridine,temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia and thermal gravimetric analysis.The structure,acidity and thermal stability of the SO4^2-/TiO2-SnO2 catalyst were studied.Incorporating tin enlarged the specific surface area and decreased crystallite size of the SO4^2-/TiO2 catalyst.The total acid sites of the modified catalyst increased and Bronsted acid strength remarkably increased with increasing tin content.The decomposition temperature of sulfate radical in the modified catalyst was 100 ℃ greater and its mass loss was more than twice that of the SO4^2-/TiO2 catalyst.The SO4^2-/TiO2-SnO2 catalyst was designed to synthesize 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate by esterification of 1,6-hexanediol with crylic acid.The yield of 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate exceeded 87% under the optimal reaction conditions：crylic acid to 1,6-hexanediol molar ratio = 3.5,catalyst loading = 7%,reaction temperature = 130 ℃ and reaction time = 3 h.The modified catalyst exhibited excellent reusability and after 10 cycles the conversion of 1,6-hexanediol was above 81%.

Production of biodiesel from palm fatty acid distillate using sulfonated-glucose solid acid catalyst:Characterization and optimization

A palm fatty acid distillate （PFAD） has been used for biodiesel production. An efficient sulfonated-glucose acid catalyst （SGAC） was prepared by sulfonation to catalyze the esterification reaction. The effect of three variables i.e. methanol-to-PFAD molar ratio, catalyst amount and reaction time, on the yield of PFAD esters was studied by the response surface methodology （RSM）. The optimum reaction conditions were： 12.2：1 methanol-to- PFAD molar ratio, 2.9% catalyst concentration and 134 rain of time as predicted by the RSM. The reaction under the optimum conditions resulted in 94.5% of the free fatty acid （FFA） conversion with 92.4% of the FAME yield. The properties of the PFAD esters were determined according to biodiesel standards.

Importance, features and uses of metal oxide catalysts in heterogeneous catalysis

This short review paper aims at assembling the present state of the art of the multiuses of metal oxides in heterogeneous catalysis, concerning liquid and gaseous phases of the reactant mixtures on solid catalysts. It includes the description of the main types of metal oxide catalysts, of their various preparation procedures and of the main reactions catalysed by them (acid-base type, selective and total oxidations, bi-functional catalysis, photocatalysis, biomass treatments, environmental catalysis and some of the numerous industrial applications). Challenges and prospectives are also discussed.

Enhanced Photocatalytic Properties of Silver Oxide Loaded Bismuth Vanadate

In this work, BiV04 powders were synthesized by a sol-gel method, and the BiV04 gels with different calcination temperature were investigated by X-ray diffraction （XRD）. Absorption range and band gap energy, which are respon- sible for the observed photocatalyst behavior, were investigated by UV/vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy （DRS） for pure and silver oxide loaded BiV04. Pbotocatalytic properties of the prepared samples were examined by studying the degradation of the methyl orange. When using NaCI02 as an electron acceptor, the possible photocatalytic mech- anism has been discussed by photocatalytic reactions. With the help of electron acceptor, the results show clearly that the BiV04 loaded silver oxide exhibited superior photocatalytic activity in simulated dye wastewater treatment.

Research on the High-Strength Coating Preparation Methodology based on Acid Catalytic and Sol-Gel Method

In this paper, we conduct research on the high-strength coating preparation methodology based on acid catalytic and Sol-Gel method. This method has been widely used in the preparation of various functional thin film, film and protective film structure, etc. As a result of sol gel process continuously broaden the application field, this method has been more and more get the favor of people. Compared with other traditional preparation methods of inorganic material, sol-gel process has many characteristics. To adjust the solution acidity and add a small amount of acid or alkali can have the effect of＂ catalyst, its reaction process on sol to get and gel structure may also be affected. Our research analyze the topic theoretically and numerically which is meaningful.