为探究玉米浸泡液新酸、老酸在逆流浸泡过程中细菌群落的组成、微生物的多样性与淀粉提取浸泡工艺的联系,利用Illumina MiSeq高通量测序技术对玉米浸泡副产物中的新、老酸玉米浸泡液进行细菌16S r RNA V3~V4测序,结果表明样品中新酸2(L...为探究玉米浸泡液新酸、老酸在逆流浸泡过程中细菌群落的组成、微生物的多样性与淀粉提取浸泡工艺的联系,利用Illumina MiSeq高通量测序技术对玉米浸泡副产物中的新、老酸玉米浸泡液进行细菌16S r RNA V3~V4测序,结果表明样品中新酸2(L-2)、新酸3(L-3)、新酸4(L-4)、老酸2(X-2)、老酸3(X-3)、老酸4(X-4)中有效序列分别为42102、41679、39779、39922、39800、38896条。在属的分类层次上,老酸中的优势细菌属包括乳酸杆菌属(Lactobacillus)、芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、海洋芽孢杆菌属(Oceanobacillus),新酸中的优势细菌属为乳酸杆菌属(Lactobacillus)。玉米浸泡液中的新酸老酸菌群结构和丰度有所不同,结果发现在玉米浸泡液中存在提升浸泡工艺的有益菌,也存在降低玉米淀粉质量的有害菌和腐败菌。展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to understand the characters of hard seeds of Amphicarpaea edgeworthii Benth. （Leguminosae） and explore the methods for break- ing dormancy. [Method] For both aerial and subterranean see...[Objective] This study aimed to understand the characters of hard seeds of Amphicarpaea edgeworthii Benth. （Leguminosae） and explore the methods for break- ing dormancy. [Method] For both aerial and subterranean seeds of A. edgeworthii, the morphological characteristics were observed and the appropriate temperature for germination was explored. For aerial seeds of A. edgeworthii, the characters of hard seeds were studied, and concentrated sulfuric acid treatment, hot water soak treat- ment and mechanical damage treatment were compared to explore the methods for breaking seed dormancy. [Result] The aerial seeds were oblate and averaged 3.38 mm in length, 3.02 mm in width, 1.88 mm in thickness, 15.32 g in thousand grain weight, with a hard seed rate after of up to 98% natural maturation. The subter- ranean seeds were approximately oblate with a maximum diameter of 15 mm and a hundred grain weight of （50.08-58.26 g）; among all the treatments for breaking hardseededness, cutting seed coat treatment and concentrated sulfuric acid treatment for 20 minutes were the most effective methods, whereas hot water soak treatment was the least effective method; constant temperature between 20 and 30 ℃ was optimum for the germination of aerial seeds, and alternative temperature of 30/20 ℃ was most appropriate for the germination of subterranean seeds. [Conclusion] Cutting seed coat treatment and concentrated sulfuric acid treatment for 20 minutes were the most effective methods to break the hardseededness of A. edgeworthii.展开更多
Few-layer graphenes were fabricated from expandable graphite by rapid microwave exfoliation. Expandable graphite was irradiated in a domestic microwave in full power for 3 min, then soaked in mixed strong hydrogen nit...Few-layer graphenes were fabricated from expandable graphite by rapid microwave exfoliation. Expandable graphite was irradiated in a domestic microwave in full power for 3 min, then soaked in mixed strong hydrogen nitrate and sulfuric acid with volume ratio of 1：1 for 24 h and re-irradiated, thus few-layer graphene sheets were obtained. Specimens gained from every step were selectively characterized by different techniques, such as SEM, XRD, Raman, AFM, XPS, FTIR and combustion elemental analysis. The results show that expandable graphite with loose, porous and worm-like morphology forms instantaneously in microwave irradiation with crackling sound and sparkles, which manifests physical exfoliation of graphene sheets. Few-layer graphene sheets with a dozen or more layers and average thickness of about 4.7 nm are obtained eventually after sequential treatment of microwave irradiation, mixed acid soaking and second microwave irradiation. The as-prepared few-layer graphenes still have high crystallinity and high purity with traces of oxide groups and without serious unrecoverable oxidation damage.展开更多
文摘为探究玉米浸泡液新酸、老酸在逆流浸泡过程中细菌群落的组成、微生物的多样性与淀粉提取浸泡工艺的联系,利用Illumina MiSeq高通量测序技术对玉米浸泡副产物中的新、老酸玉米浸泡液进行细菌16S r RNA V3~V4测序,结果表明样品中新酸2(L-2)、新酸3(L-3)、新酸4(L-4)、老酸2(X-2)、老酸3(X-3)、老酸4(X-4)中有效序列分别为42102、41679、39779、39922、39800、38896条。在属的分类层次上,老酸中的优势细菌属包括乳酸杆菌属(Lactobacillus)、芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、海洋芽孢杆菌属(Oceanobacillus),新酸中的优势细菌属为乳酸杆菌属(Lactobacillus)。玉米浸泡液中的新酸老酸菌群结构和丰度有所不同,结果发现在玉米浸泡液中存在提升浸泡工艺的有益菌,也存在降低玉米淀粉质量的有害菌和腐败菌。
基金Supported by the"Twelfth Five-Year"Key Project for Crop Breeding of Sichuan Province(YZGG4-6)the Special Support Program for the Scientific Research Personnel of Sichuan Agricultural University~~
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to understand the characters of hard seeds of Amphicarpaea edgeworthii Benth. （Leguminosae） and explore the methods for break- ing dormancy. [Method] For both aerial and subterranean seeds of A. edgeworthii, the morphological characteristics were observed and the appropriate temperature for germination was explored. For aerial seeds of A. edgeworthii, the characters of hard seeds were studied, and concentrated sulfuric acid treatment, hot water soak treat- ment and mechanical damage treatment were compared to explore the methods for breaking seed dormancy. [Result] The aerial seeds were oblate and averaged 3.38 mm in length, 3.02 mm in width, 1.88 mm in thickness, 15.32 g in thousand grain weight, with a hard seed rate after of up to 98% natural maturation. The subter- ranean seeds were approximately oblate with a maximum diameter of 15 mm and a hundred grain weight of （50.08-58.26 g）; among all the treatments for breaking hardseededness, cutting seed coat treatment and concentrated sulfuric acid treatment for 20 minutes were the most effective methods, whereas hot water soak treatment was the least effective method; constant temperature between 20 and 30 ℃ was optimum for the germination of aerial seeds, and alternative temperature of 30/20 ℃ was most appropriate for the germination of subterranean seeds. [Conclusion] Cutting seed coat treatment and concentrated sulfuric acid treatment for 20 minutes were the most effective methods to break the hardseededness of A. edgeworthii.
基金Project(51274248)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Few-layer graphenes were fabricated from expandable graphite by rapid microwave exfoliation. Expandable graphite was irradiated in a domestic microwave in full power for 3 min, then soaked in mixed strong hydrogen nitrate and sulfuric acid with volume ratio of 1：1 for 24 h and re-irradiated, thus few-layer graphene sheets were obtained. Specimens gained from every step were selectively characterized by different techniques, such as SEM, XRD, Raman, AFM, XPS, FTIR and combustion elemental analysis. The results show that expandable graphite with loose, porous and worm-like morphology forms instantaneously in microwave irradiation with crackling sound and sparkles, which manifests physical exfoliation of graphene sheets. Few-layer graphene sheets with a dozen or more layers and average thickness of about 4.7 nm are obtained eventually after sequential treatment of microwave irradiation, mixed acid soaking and second microwave irradiation. The as-prepared few-layer graphenes still have high crystallinity and high purity with traces of oxide groups and without serious unrecoverable oxidation damage.
