精氨酸清除率评价梗阻性黄疸时肝储备功能的价值

目的:通过动物实验研究精氨酸清除率(Arg-CR)对肝组织ATP含量的评价能力,探讨其在梗阻性黄疸时评估肝储备功能的价值。方法:24只新西兰兔随机均分为3组,A组和B组开腹结扎胆总管制作梗阻性黄疸模型,分别饲养1周、2周测定Arg-CR,C组(假手术组)仅开关腹,饲养2周测定Arg-CR。所有动物测定术后常规肝功能及肝组织ATP含量。结果:A、B组间常规肝功能检查数值近似且无统计学差异(P>0.05),但A、C组间和B、C组间均有统计学差异(P<0.05)。3组Arg-CR(L/min)分别为3.77±1.10,1.70±0.44和4.27±1.39;肝ATP(mg/dL)分别为4.29±0.68,1.32±1.10和5.78±1.57。A、B和B、C组间Arg-CR和肝ATP均有统计学差异(P<0.05,P<0.01),但A、C组间无统计学差异(P>0.05)。ATP与Arg-CR变化具有一致性,且具有线性相关关系(r=0.7486,P<0.01),但与常规肝功能检查结果不一致。结论:Arg-CR能较好地反映梗阻性黄疸肝脏的ATP水平,可用于评估肝储备功能。

反流性食道炎患者食道体酸清除功能与胃排空关系的研究

目的:为了解反流性食道炎患者食道酸清除功能与胃排空的关系。方法:对30例反流性食道炎患者及20例正常人进行食道24小时pH监测和应用胃磁图做胃排空检查,以食道24小时pH监测的卧位食道酸清除平均时间,即卧位时食道pH≤4出现至pH>4出现的总累计时间除以卧位时的总反流次数来反映食道体酸清除功能,对比分析食道体酸清除功能与胃排空的相关关系, 结果:30例反流性食道炎患者和20例正常人卧位食道酸清除平均时间分别为0.93±0.82分和0.37±0.31分,胃半排空时间分别为8.72±12.4分和57.6±11.3分,P值均小于0.01,说明食道体酸清除时间延长与胃排空延缓相关,表现为反流性食道炎患者存在食道体酸清除时间延长且其胃排空延缓。结论;反流性食道炎患者存在食道体酸清除功能障碍,并与其胃排空延缓相关,机理可能是支配胃及食道的迷走神经功能障碍而使得胃及食道同时出现功能障碍。

稀盐酸清除变质试剂对全自动生化分析仪的污染

实验仪器由于种种原因致使仪器污染或堵塞,必须及时彻底清除。在使用HIYACHI7150全自动生化分析仪(简称7150)测定血清CL时,发现因试剂变质致使仪器污染,该污染物不能用常规洗涤剂清除。

乳酸清除和正常化与脓毒症患儿持续性器官功能障碍的关系

近期有学者进行了一项前瞻性队列研究，以评估乳酸的清除和正常化是否能降低脓毒症患儿持续性器官功能障碍的发生率。该研究纳入了77例年龄〈18岁、在急诊科确诊感染和急性器官功能障碍的患儿，记录乳酸初始值及2h和（或）4h乳酸水平，并于48h后通过实验室指标对患儿持续性器官功能障碍进行评估；以乳酸水平较初始值减少≥10％被认为达到乳酸清除；以乳酸〈2mmol／L被认为是乳酸正常化。

反式脂肪酸——心血管健康的大敌?!

心血管疾病的发生和发展与饮食习惯有很大的关联，合理的饮食原则能够在一定程度上保护心血管健康。过往提及此，大家都会想到限盐、少油、多青菜。近期越来越多的研究报道聚焦在了一种大家并不陌生的“新”物质——反式脂肪酸，而且诸多报道一致认为“反式脂肪酸明显增加心血管疾病的风险”！那么，真的是这样吗?有必要把反式脂肪酸清除干净吗？

合并咽喉症状胃食管反流病患者的临床特征分析

背景:胃食管反流病(GERD)的咽喉症状包括声音嘶哑、咽喉异物感、慢性咳嗽、吞咽困难等,其发生机制和反流特征可能与单纯食管内症状的GERD患者存在差异。目的:探讨合并咽喉症状GERD患者的临床特征。方法:59例于2019年1月—2021年12月在南京医科大学第一附属医院门诊就诊,胃食管反流病问卷(GerdQ)评分≥8分并经24 h食管阻抗-pH监测明确存在异常反流者纳入研究,单纯食管内症状组29例,合并咽喉症状组30例。收集患者一般资料以及胃镜检查、24 h食管阻抗-pH监测、食管测压、质子泵抑制剂(PPI)疗效等信息,进行两组间比较。结果:单纯食管内症状组GERD患者的食管炎比例显著高于合并咽喉症状组(P<0.05),下食管括约肌(LES)上方7~3 cm处平均夜间基线阻抗值显著降低(P均<0.05)。与单纯食管内症状组相比,合并咽喉症状组弱酸反流次数显著增多,平均酸清除时间更长,LES松弛率更高,LES以上11~7 cm蠕动速度更慢,PPI疗效更差(P均<0.05)。烧心症状严重程度与总酸暴露时间百分比、DeMeester评分呈显著正相关(P均<0.05),咽喉异物感严重程度与弱酸反流次数、平均酸清除时间呈显著正相关(P均<0.05)。结论:合并咽喉症状的GERD患者食管黏膜损伤较轻,咽喉症状更可能与食管体部运动障碍所致的酸清除能力下降有关,治疗上可能需要进一步加强抑酸治疗。

Study on Scavenging and Disconnecting Effects of Nitrosation Reaction by Extracts of Tetradium Ruticarpum and Glycyrrhizae

In order to investigate and compare the effects of Tetradium ruticarpum and Glycyrrhizae extracts in terms of scavenging sodium nitrite and inhibiting N-ni- troso compounds formation, the 1_9（3^3） orthogonal test was conducted to extract the active components. In addition, the capacities of scavenging sodium nitrite and of in- hibiting the N-nitroso compounds formation were measured to confirm the optimum condition of extracting. When the scavenging rate was considered as the main index, the maximum capacities of scavenging sodium nitrite by the extracts of Tetradi- urn ruticarpum and Glycyrrhizae were 0.836 5 and 0.558 0, respectively. Further- more, when the disconnection rate was considered as the main index, the maximum capacities of inhibiting the N-nitroso compounds formation by the extracts of Tetradi- urn ruticarpum and G/ycyrrhizae were 0.922 8 and 0.625 6, respectively. As a re- suit, the capacity of inhibiting nitrosation reaction by Tetradium ruticarpum was shown to be much stronger than G/ycyrrhizae, no matter the scavenging rate or the disconnection rate as the main index to be considered.

运动生物化学

G804.7 9700875高压氧对急性力竭性运动后血乳酸清除和肝酶谱恢复的影响[刊,中,A]/金其冠,方明,孙新荣,黄叔怀//体育与科学(江苏).-1997.-18(1).-34-39表13(DW)高压氧//力竭性运动//血乳酸//酶//影响为了探讨 HBO 对力竭性运动后机体乳酸代谢和血清肝细胞酶的影响。

Research on the Production Process of Apple Clear Juice Beverage

[Objective] The study aimed to determine the formula and production process of apple clear juice beverage. [Method] Concentrated apple juice was used as the raw material in this experiment, apple clear juice beverage was produced through dilution, blending, color protection, sterilization and other key processes. By using orthogonal test, the best formula of the apple clear juice beverage was determined, and then the color protection effects of three color protection agents Cys, NaHSO3 and Vc on the apple clear juice beverage were compared. [ Result] The best formula of the apple clear juice beverage was composed of 0.15% citric acid, 0.20% sodium citrate, 0.06% tannic acid, 6% white sugar and 16% concentrated apple juice. Besides, there was a big difference among the three kinds of color protection agents （ Cys, NaHSO3 and Vc ） in the color protection effects on the apple clear juice beverage. Considering the quality safety of the product, 0.60% Vc was chosen as the best color protection a.clent. I- Conclusionl The research could provide theoretical references for using concentrated aDDle juice to produce aDDle clear iuice beveraae.

Effect of melatonin on the severity of L-arginine-induced experimental acute pancreatitis in rats

AIM： To determine the effect of melatonin pre- and post-treatment on the severity of L-arginine （L-Arg） -induced experimental pancreatitis in rats. METHODS： Male Wistar rats （25） were divided into five groups. Those in group A received two injections of 3.2 g/kg body weight L-Arg i.p. at an interval of 1 h. In group MA, the rats were treated with 50 mg/kg body weight melatonin i.p. 30 min prior to L-Arg administration. In group AM, the rats received the same dose of melatonin 1 h after L-Arg was given. In group M, a single dose of melatonin was administered as described previously. In group C the control animals received physiological saline injections i.p. All rats were exsanguinated 24 h after the second L-Arg injection. RESULTS： L-Arg administration caused severe necrotizing pancreatitis confirmed by the significant elevations in the serum amylase level, the pancreatic weight/body weight ratio （pw/bw）, the pancreatic IL-6 content and the myeloperoxidase activity, relative to the control values. Elevation of the serum amylase level was significantly reduced in rats given melatonin following L-Arg compared to rats injected with L-Arg only. The activities of the pancreatic antioxidant enzymes （Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase （CulZn-SOD） and catalase （CAT）） were significantly increased 24 h after pancreatitis induction. Melatonin given in advance of L-Arg significantly reduced the pancreatic CAT activity relative to that in the rats treated with L-Arg alone. In the liver, L-Arg significantly increased the lipid peroxidation level, and the glutathione peroxidase and Cu/Zn-SOD activities, whereas the Mn-SOD activity was reduced as compared to the control rats. Melatonin pre-treatment prevented these changes. CONCLUSION： Melatonin is an antioxidant that is able to counteract some of the L-Arg-induced changes during acute pancreatitis, and may therefore be helpful in the supportive therapy of patients with acute necrotizing pancreatitis.

Photogenerated-hole scavenger for enhancing photocatalytic chalcopyrite bioleaching

The effects of photogenerated-hole scavengers(ascorbic acid,oxalic acid,humic acid and citric acid)on chalcopyrite bioleaching in the presence of visible light were studied using Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans(A.ferrooxidans).Four sets of bioleaching experiments were performed:(1)visible light+0 g/L scavenger,(2)visible light+0.1 g/L of different scavenger(ascorbic acid,oxalic acid,humic acid and citric acid),(3)dark+0.1 g/L of different scavenger(ascorbic acid,oxalic acid,humic acid and citric acid),and(4)dark+0 g/L scavenger(control group).The results showed that ascorbic acid and oxalic acid could act as photogenerated-hole scavengers and significantly enhance chalcopyrite bioleaching under visible light.The dissolved copper in the light group without scavenger was only 18.7%higher than that of the control group.The copper extraction rates of the light groups with oxalic acid and ascorbic acid were respectively 30.1%and 32.5%higher than those of the control group.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD)and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR)analyses indicated that ascorbic acid and oxalic acid as photogenerated-hole scavenger could capture photo-generated holes and inhibit jarosite formation on the chalcopyrite surface,thereby enhancing bioleaching of chalcopyrite under visible light.

Removal of phosphate from municipal sewage by high gradient magnetic separation

The removal of phosphate from municipal sewage by high gradient magnetic separation using aluminium sulphate as precipitating agent and Fe3O4 as seeding material was studied. The effects of aluminium sulphate, Fe3O4, magnetic field intensity, pH value and flow-rate of sewage on phosphorus removal rate were investigated. The results show that addition of 200 mg/L Al2（SO4）3·18H2O and 300 mg/L Fe3O4, magnetic field intensity of 200 kA/m, pH value of 4.57.0 and flow-rate of 6.15 cm/s are both efficient and economic technical parameters for removal of phosphate. The pH value has a tremendous effect on the removal of phosphate. In the pH range of （4.5）7.0, more than 95% phosphate can be removed. Theoretical analysis indicates that the solubility of AlPO4 is minimum at pH 4.07.0 and the electrostatic attractive force between AlPO4 and Fe3O4 is maximum at pH 4.5（6.5.）

Oxidation Stability of Camellia Oil During Refining

In this paper, the crude camellia oil extracted by cold pressing and deacidified oil, decolorized oil, dewaxed oil and finished tea oil obtained in different refining stages were studied. The changes of acid value, peroxide value and free radical scavenging ability of camellia oil in each stage were compared and analyzed.The results showed that the total phenol content of crude oil was the highest, and the total phenol content of alkali refined crude oil decreased significantly. After dewaxing, the total phenol concentration of camellia oil increased by 63.5%. The reason may be that low temperature conditions contributed to the recovery of phenolic structure in camellia oil, and without the influence of alkaline solution, the damage degree of phenolic substances was greatly reduced, thus elevating the total phenol content. The lowest peroxide value of camellia oil was observed in the alkali-refining deacidification stage, which decreased by 29.3%. Crude oil had the highest acid value and concentration of antioxidant substances. After alkali-refining deacidification,the acid value and the concentration of antioxidant substances dropped by 85.3%and 88.9%, respectively. Total phenols had the strongest correlation with acid value,followed by free radical scavenging ability, and the correlation with peroxide value was not obvious.

Gitelman综合征与胱氨酸病的诊治进展

Gitelman综合征（GS）是一种常染色体隐性遗传的失盐性肾小管疾病，由基因SLCl2A3发生突变导致噻嗪类利尿剂敏感的钠氯共同转运体（NCCT）蛋白功能缺失。临床表现为低血钾、低血镁、低血氯、低尿钙。GS确诊有赖于临床表现、生化检查异常及基因检测。GS患儿应高钠饮食，终生补镁、补钾以改善临床症状，对GS患儿应个体化管理，包括健康宣教，每年至少1-2次肾脏专科随访，监测病情进展及并发症评估。胱氨酸病是一种罕见的溶酶体贮积病，CTNS基因突变引起L-胱氨酸转运蛋白功能缺陷，从而胱氨酸存溶酶体内蓄积而致病，可累及所有细胞及组织器官，出现多系统多器官受累的临床表现。胱氨酸病可分为3制，即婴儿型或早发肾病型胱氨酸病、青年型或迟发肾病型胱氨酸病和成人型或眼型胱氨酸病，确诊依靠检测CTNS突变基因。胱氨酸病早期诊断、早期开始特异性胱氨酸清除治疗对预防或减轻器官损伤和提高整体预后至关重要。

The Protective Role of Succinic Acid on the NF kB Signaling Pathway of Mouse Fibroblast Cells under the Influence of Chromium Oxide and Sodium Arsenite

Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory therapy approaches have been in the focus of attention in the treatment of different cancer diseases where oxidative stress has been implicated. Succinic acid has been previously reported to possess radical scavenger, iron chelating and anti-inflammatory properties in the mouse fibroblast. The purpose of this study was to investigate potential therapeutic effects of succinic acid and possible signal pathway involved in the mouse fibroblast. We demonstrated highly potent antioxidant-radical scavenging activities of succinic acid.

GST(phi) gene from Macrophyte Lemna minor is involved in cadmium exposure responses

Reactive oxygen species （ROS） scavengers, including ascorbate peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase, are the most commonly used biomarkers in assessing an organisms＇ response to many biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, we cloned an 866 bp GST（phi） gene in Lemna minor and investigated its characteristics, expression and enzymatic activities under 75 lamol/L cadmium concentrations in comparison with other ROS scavengers. GST（phi） gene expression patterns were similar to those of other scavengers of ROS. This suggests that GST（phi） might be involved in responding to heavy metal （cadmium） stress and that its expression level could be used as a bio-indicator in monitoring cadmium pollution.

无效食管运动在胃食管反流病中发病作用的观察

目的 探讨食管无效收缩 (IEM)在胃食管反流病 (GERD)的发病作用。方法 对GERD病人行食管测压和 2 4h食管pH监测 ,分析IEM在GERD的发生率以及比较IEM与食管酸暴露、酸清除和食管炎的关系。结果 86例GERD病人中 5 9例 (6 8 6 % )存在非特异性食管动力障碍 (NEMD) ;其中 5 5例 (占 93 2 % )符合IEM诊断标准 ;GERD病的IEM发生率为 6 3 95 %。IEM的GERD患者总的pH <4时间 (% ) (5 91)及立位 (4 4 3)和卧位 (6 92 )pH <4时间 (% )显著大于食管正常蠕动的GERD患者 (分别为 3 16 ,1.6 1,和 4 31) ,尤以卧位明显 (P <0 0 1)。IEM患者平均卧位食管酸清除时间 (EAC)为每次 12 6 3min ,显著长于正常食管动力GERD患者的每次 3 15min(P<0 0 1) ,而立位EAC则与正常食管动力组无差异。 2 7例正常食管动力GERD有 10例 (37% )有糜烂性食管炎 ;5 5例IEM患者有 19例 (35 % )有食管炎 ,二组间食管炎发生比例差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 )。结论 GERD病的食管动力障碍大多数系IEM。IEM比正常食管动力患者更易发生反流和存在食管酸清除障碍。IEM是GERD病的主要异常表现。

Stability, cytotoxicity, and saturation effect of the free radical-scavenging cinnamic acid-dopamine hybrid antioxidants

Hybrid antioxidants cinnamoyldopamine（2a）, p-coumaroyldopamine（2b）, caffeoyldopamine（2c）, feruloyldopamine（2d） and sinapoyldopamine（2e） were synthesized by conjugation of dopamine（DA） and hydroxycinnamic acids（HCAs）. The stabilities were studied in buffers at p H 1.3, p H 5.0, and p H 7.4 including the human plasma. All the compounds were found highly stable at acidic p H, but underwent hydrolysis at neutral p H. Furthermore, the hydrolysis proceeded much faster in plasma in the following order as indicated by half-life values（t1/2）, 2c（1.21 h）〈2e（1.52 h）〈2d（1.85 h）〈2b（3.38 h）〈2a（3.88 h）, correlating with the number of electron-donating groups. It has been proven by UV spectrum that 2c, 2d, and 2e displayed red shift of more than 50 nm as compared to 2a and 2b, because of the presence of OH and OCH3 groups. In addition, the compounds（2b–e） showed no cytotoxicity on normal HUVEC cells as DA, although 2a displayed a 16% inhibition of proliferation at 40 μM following 48 h incubation. Their free radical-scavenging activities were evaluated using ABTS^＊＋ and superoxide anion assays and the mechanisms were proposed. It was found that they all exhibited higher activities than trolox, a recognized antioxidant. Amazingly, in the case of the hybrids（2a–e）, their activity was higher than that of HCAs while lower or comparable to that of DA, suggesting that there may be a ＂saturation effect＂ with the hybrid molecules in the antioxidant activities.