盆地矿套

本文对盆地成矿进行一次归纳。盆地有以下诸特性:(1)破盆;(2)水盆;(3)气盆;(4)煤盆;(5)油盆;(6)盐盆;(7)碱盆;(8)酸盆;(9)热盆(有地热异常场);(10)铀盆;(11)沙盆。

唑来膦酸对晚期非小细胞肺癌骨转移患者的疗效及VEGF-C和COX2水平的影响

【目的】探讨唑来膦酸在晚期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)骨转移患者中的疗效及对血管内皮生长因子-C(VEGF-C)、环氧合酶2(COX2)水平的影响。【方法】68例NSCLC骨转移患者,随机分为两组;对照组给予TP化疗方案治疗,观察组在对照组基础上联合唑来膦酸治疗。比较两组疗效,治疗前、治疗后3个周期后骨碱性磷酸酶(BALP)、Ⅰ型前胶原N-端前肽(PINP)、Ⅰ型肢原羧基端肽β特殊序列(β-CTX)、β-胶原特殊序列(β-crosslaps),VEGF-C和COX2水平及不良反应发生情况。【结果】观察组治疗后有效率为94.12%(32/34),高于对照组79.41%(27/34)(P<0.05);观察组治疗后BLALP、PINP、β-CTX、β-crosslaps,VEGF-C和COX2水平均低于对照组(P<0.05);两组治疗后皮疹、肌肉关节痛、骨髓抑制、心律失常、肾功能障碍及头痛发热发生率相比较差异无显著性(P>0.05)。【结论】唑来膦酸用于晚期NSCLC骨转移患者中有助于提高疗效,改善患者骨转化生化指标水平,降低VEGF-CXOX2水平,药物安全性较高,值得推广应用。

工艺气体分析仪在氯乙酸生产中的应用

简介了工艺气体分析仪在氯乙酸生产中的应用。

Triterpenoids from the Dai Medicinal Plant Winchia calophylla

A new compound (1) named as winchic acid and eight known ones were isolated from the stem barks of Winchia colophylla A. DC. (collected in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province of China). The new compound 1 was identified as 3beta-hydroxy-27-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-E-cinnamoyloxy)-lup-20(29)-en-28-oic acid on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR experiments. The eight known compounds were determined to be lupenone, lupenyl acetate, betulinic acid, alpha-amyrin acetate, ursolic acid, ptiloepoxide, beta-amyrin and cycloeucalenol, respectively.

俄罗斯进口我国果蔬有新规定

进口的中国水果、蔬菜必须来自生态清洁的地区;中方应提供生产水果、蔬菜所使用的农药品名、用量以及残留在水果、蔬菜上面的农药比例说明出;

Porous-grain–upper-boundary model and its application to Tarim Basin carbonates

Most of the carbonates in the Tarim Basin in northwest China are low-porosity and low-permeability rocks. Owing to the complexity of porosity in carbonates, conventional rock- physics models do not describe the relation between velocity and porosity for the Tarim Basin carbonates well. We propose the porous-grain-upper-boundary （PGU） model for estimating the relation between velocity and porosity for low-porosity carbonates. In this model, the carbonate sediments are treated as packed media of porous elastic grains, and the carbonate pores are divided into isolated and connected pores The PGU model is modified from the porous-grain-stiff-sand （PGST） model by replacing the critical porosity with the more practical isolated porosity. In the implementation, the effective elastic constants of the porous grains are calculated by using the differential effective medium （DEM） model. Then, the elastic constants of connected porous grains in dry rocks are calculated by using the modified upper Hashin-Shtrikman bound. The application to the Tarim carbonates shows that relative to other conventional effective medium models the PGU model matches the well log data well.

Effects of Exogenous Phenolic Acids on Allelopathy of Potted Soybean Seedlings

In this study, several general y reported exogenous phenolic acids were selected as regents for potting experiments, aiming at revealing the effects of differ-ent concentrations of exogenous phenolic acids on the growth and development of soybean seedlings. The growth and development indicators of soybean seedlings treated with five different concentrations of exogenous phenolic acids, such as plant height, leaf area, root nodule number and root-shoot ratio, were determined and compared. According to the experimental results, three exogenous phenolic acids with different concentrations exhibited slight effects on plant height of potted soy-bean seedlings. The leaf area of potted soybean seedlings treated with 1.0 g/kg benzoic acid and cinnamic acid varied extremely significantly compared with the control. Root nodule number of potted soybean seedlings treated with 1.0 g/kg ben-zoic acid and vanil ic acid increased remarkably, but 1.0 g/kg cinnamic acid had lit-tle effects on root nodule number. When the concentration of phenolic acids was 1.0 g/kg, three phenolic acids exhibited the maximum effects on root-shoot ratio of potted soybean seedlings. Overal , low concentrations of exogenous phenolic acids exhibited no significant effects on the growth and development of potted soybean seedlings; high concentrations of exogenous phenolic acids inhibited the growth and development of potted soybean shoots, increased root nodule number and improved root-shoot ratio.

Phthalate Esters Biodegradation by Fusarium Oxysporum in Vegetable Soil

In this research, soil samples were frst polluted with 6 PAEs （i.e. DMP, DEP, DIBP, DBP, DEHP, and BBP） at 3 different concentration gradients （0, 10, and 20 mg/kg） and then treated with a highly-efficient degradation fungus, Fusarium oxysporum （PO-Yi）, to investigate the biodegradation of PAEs in pepper and eggplant soil. The findings revealed that PO-Yi can accelerate the degradation of PAEs in vegetable soils including pepper and eggplant soil to varying degrees. The highest absolute degradation rate （up to 39.5%） was observed in DEP-treated soils at the high pollution level （20 mg/kg）, which was 14.2% higher than that at the middle pollution level （10 mg/kg）. The degradation effect in the pepper soil was superior to that in the eggplant soil. Vegetable soil, either pepper soil or eggplant soil, which was polluted by various PAEs at different pollution gradients and then treated with PO-Yi fungus presented good bioremediation results. In the pepper and eggplant soil, 76.8% and 63.1% of the PAEs with a total volume of 60 mg/kg were degraded within 30 d respectively. PO-Yi, indigenous microorganisms, and the vegetables, i.e. pepper and eggplant had good synergistic effects on the degradation of compound PAEs in PAE-polluted pot soil.

PALEOCLIMATIC CHANGES IN DABUSU LAKE

Study on the carbonate content and oxygen isotope of a sediment section in Dabusu Lake revealed that this region has experienced several cold wet and warm dry climatic cycles since 15400 a BP. It was about 6740 a BP when the climate in the region reached a relatively stable warm stage, so that the lake water was gradually condensed and finally a saline lake was formed.

Phthalate Esters Biodegradation by Fusarium oxysporum in Vegetable Soil

In this research, soil samples were first polluted with 6 PAEs (i.e. DMP, DEP, DIBP, DBP, DEHP, and BBP) at 3 different concentration gradients (0, 10, and 20 mg/kg) and then treated with a highly-efficient degradation fungus, Fusarium oxysporum (PO-Yi), to investigate the biodegradation of PAEs in pepper and eggplant soil. The findings revealed that PO-Yi can accelerate the degradation of PAEs in vegetable soils including pepper and eggplant soil to varying degrees. The highest absolute degradation rate (up to 39.5%) was observed in DEP-treated soils at the high pollution level (20 mg/kg), which was 14.2% higher than that at the middle pollution level (10 mg/kg). The degradation effect in the pepper soil was superior to that in the eggplant soil. Vegetable soil, either pepper soil or eggplant soil, which was polluted by various PAEs at different pollution gradients and then treated with PO-Yi fungus presented good bioremediation results. In the pepper and eggplant soil, 76.8% and 63.1% of the PAEs with a total volume of 60 mg/kg were degraded within 30 d respectively. PO-Yi, indigenous microorganisms, and the vegetables, i.e. pepper and eggplant had good synergistic effects on the degradation of compound PAEs in PAEpolluted pot soil.

Hydrothermal activities and seawater acidification in the Late Devonian F-F transition:Evidence from geochemistry of rare earth elements

Rare-earth dements （REE） in limestones were measured by ICP-MS from the Yangdi section across the Frasnian-Famennian （F-F） transition in Guilin, Guangxi of South China. The average EREE contents of measured samples are 33.32 ppm. The average LREE/HREE ratio is 6.35. Data show LREE-enriched REE distribution pattern in the Yangdi section. Most of samples are characterized by positive Eu anomaly with average of 1.13, and there are two maxima of Eu anomaly just below the F-F boundary. Almost all analytical samples show obvious tetrad effects. Remarkable M-shaped tetrad effects are observed in these samples with positive Eu anomaly. The characters of REE and some relative elements （Fe, Mn, Al, etc.） indicate that hydro- thermal activities occurred and resulted in seawater acidification in Upper and Lower Kellwasser horizons of the Late Devonian. The changes of marine environment caused by hydrothermal activities, such as seawater acidification, heavy metal pollution, and eutrophication, would destroy the neritic ecosystem and finally result in the F-F mass extinction.

N and O isotopes and the ore-forming mechanism of nitrate deposits in the Turpan-Hami Basin,Xinjiang,China

The recently discovered nitrate ore field in the Turpan-Hami Basin of western China represents an estimated resource of 2.5 billion tons, and is comparable in scale to the Atacama Desert super-scale nitrate deposit in Chile. The research on this area is rarely carried out, and the origin of the deposits remains uncertain. In this study, new methods were used to systematically analyze N and O isotopes in nitrate minerals collected from the Kumutage, Xiaocaohu, Wuzongbulak, Dawadi, Tuyugou, and Shaer ore deposits in the Turpan-Hami Basin. The data showed that the δ15NAir value ranges from 0.7‰ to 27.6‰, but mostly between 2‰ and 6‰, which was similar to atmospheric NO3-. The 18O was highly enriched with δ18OV-SMOW varying from 30.2‰ to 46.7‰. This differs from levels in deposits derived from microbial nitrogen fixation, but is similar to those in atmospheric nitrates. N and O isotopes data indicated that nitrate deposits in Turpan-Hami Basin must be the result of deposition of atmospheric nitrate particles. Although atmospheric nitrate particles are common, the nitrate deposits could form only under the condition of long-term extreme drought climate and very limited biological activity. This paper summarized the ore-forming mechanism of different types nitrate deposits based on their geological setting.

Presence of carboxylate salts in marine carbonate strata of the Ordos Basin and their impact on hydrocarbon generation evaluation of low TOC, high maturity source rocks

The total organic carbon （TOC） in the marine source rock of the Ordos Basin mostly ranges from 0.2% to 0.5%. The industrial standard commonly states that the TOC value has to be no less than 0.5% （0.4% for high mature or over-mature source rock） to form large petroleum reservoirs. However, gas source correlation indicates that the natural gas in the Jingbian gas field does receive contribution from marine source rocks. In order to determine the effect of Carboxylate salts （or called as organic acid salts） on TOC in highly mature source rocks with low TOC value, we sampled the Ordovician marine source rock and the Permian transitional facies source rock in one drilled well in the southern Ordos Basin and performed infrared and GC-MS analysis. It is found that both kerogen-derived organic acids and carboxylate salt-conversed organic acids exist in both marine and transitional facies source rocks. The carboxylate salt-conversed organic acids mainly come from the complete acidification of carboxylate salts, which confirms the presence of carboxylate salts in the marine source rocks. Although the C16：o peak is the main peak for the organic acids both before and after acidification, the carboxylate salt-conversed organic acids have much less relative abundance ahead of C^6：o compared with that of the kerogen-based and free organic acids. This observation suggests that the kerogen-based and free organic acids mainly decarboxylate to form lower carboxylic acids, whereas the carboxylate salt-conversed organic acids mainly break down into paraffins. By using calcium hexadecanoate as the reference to quantify the kerogen-derived and carboxylate salt-conversed organic acids, the high TOC （〉2.0%） marine source rocks have low carboxylate salt content and the low TOC （0.2%-0.5%） marine source rocks contain high content of carboxylate salt. Therefore, for the marine source rocks with 0.2%-0.5% TOC, the carboxylate salts may be a potential gas source at high maturity stage.

Formation and accumulation of oil and gas in marine carbonate sequences in Chinese sedimentary basins

Advances in studies of formation and accumulation mechanisms of oil and gas in marine carbonate sequences have led to continuing breakthroughs of petroleum exploration in marine carbonate sequences in Chinese sedimentary basins in recent years. The recently discovered giant Tahe Oil Field and Puguang Gas Field have provided geological entities for further studies of the formation and accumulation of oil and gas in marine carbonate sequences. Marine carbonate sequences in China are characterized by old age, multiple structural deformation, differential thermal evolution of source rocks, various reservoir types (i.e. reef-bank complex and paleo-weathered crust karst reservoir), uneven development of caprocks, especially gypsum seal, and multi-episodes of hydrocarbon accumulation and readjustment. As a result, the formation of hydrocarbon accumulations in the Chinese marine carbonate sequences has the following features: (i) the high-quality marine source rocks of shale and calcareous mudstone are often associated with siliceous rocks or calcareous rocks and were deposited in slope environments. They are rich in organic matter, have a higher hydrocarbon generation potential, but experienced variable thermal evolutions in different basins or different areas of the same basin. (ii) High quality reservoirs are controlled by both primary depositional environments and later modifications including diagenetic modifications, structural deformations, and fluid effects. (iii) Development of high-quality caprocks, especially gypsum seals, is the key to the formation of large-and medium-sized oil and gas fields in marine carbonate sequences. Gypsum often constitutes the caprock for most of large sized gas fields. Given that Chinese marine carbonate sequences are of old age and subject to multiple episodes of structural deformation and superposition, oil and gas tend to accumulate in the slopes and structural hinge zones, since the slopes favor the development of effective assemblage of source-reservoir-caprock, high quality source rocks, good reservoirs such as reef-bank complex, and various caprocks. As the structural hinge zones lay in the focus area of petroleum migration and experienced little structural deformation, they are also favorable places for hydrocarbon accumulation and preservation.

Paleo-redox conditions across the Permian-Triassic boundary in shallow carbonate platform of the Nanpanjiang Basin, South China

Ocean anoxia has been widely implicated in the Permian-Triassic extinction. However, the duration and distribution of the ocean anoxia remains controversial. In this study, the detailed redox changes across the Permian-Triassic boundary （PTB） in the shallow platform interior at Great Bank of Guizhou （GBG） has been reconstructed based on the high-resolution microfossil composition and multiple paleo-redox proxies. The shallow platform is characterized by low sulfur （total sulfur （TS） and pyrite sulfur （Spy）） concentrations, low Spy/TOC ratios, and low DOP values before the mass extinction, representing oxic conditions well. Following the mass extinction, the shift of multiple geochemical proxies, including high Spy/TOC ratios and DOP values, indicates dysoxic-anoxic conditions in shallow ocean. Furthermore, we reconstruct the transition of the redox conditions of Nanpanjiang Basin： the intense volcanic eruptions, which release huge COz and SO2 before the mass extinction, provoke the temperature rising and the collapse of terrestrial ecosystem. As a result, the increased weathering influx causes the carbon iso- topic negative excursion and the expansion of the ocean oxygen minimum zone （OMZ）. When the OMZ expanded into the photic zone, the episodic H2S release events enhance the pyrite burial at Dajiang section. Thus, intense volcanic eruptions, temperature increase, and oceanic hypoxia together lead to the PTB extinction. Recent studies show high temperature might be the key mechanism of the PTB extinction. In addition, this study confirms that the microbialites were formed in the dysoxic- anoxic shallow water.

Distinct sedimentary environments and their influences on carbonate reservoir evolution of the Lianglitag Formation in the Tarim Basin,Northwest China

The Upper Ordovician Lianglitag Formation carbonate rocks are important oil and gas reservoirs in the Tarim Basin, Northwest China, with obviously distinct reservoir properties among different oilfields. As a case area of the above carbonate reser- voirs correlation, Tahe and Tazhong oilfields are chosen for the study through an integrated analysis of biostratigraphic isoch- ronous framework, cores, thin sections, logs, and strontium isotopes. The research shows that the two areas were respectively attributed to different carbonate platforms during the Lianglitag Formation depositional phase. For the Lianglitag Formation, five fourth-order sequences may be divided in Tazhong, whereas only four fourth-order sequences are preserved in Tahe that correspond to the lower ones observed in Tazhong. The Lianglitag Formation carbonate platform in Tahe was characterized by ramp and/or weak rimmed types, with low depositional rates （37 ktm/a）, higher whole-rock clastic contents, and higher 878r/86Sr isotope ratios of carbonate matrix, showing relatively deep-water environment and evident terrigenous input for car- bonate deposition. However, a strongly rimmed carbonate platform was developed in Tazhong, with high depositional rates of 250 p.m/a and less whole-rock clastic contents, indicating a high-energy depositional environment. Because of the sedimentary environment differences mentioned above, less high-energy facies but relatively intense syndepositional （early diagenetic） sea-water cementation of carbonates were developed in Tahe, and ubiquitous high-energy reef and shoal facies, with a frequent exposure to subaerial, and weak syndepositional sea-water cementation of carbonates in Tazhong. Therefore, fewer primary pores occurred in the Lianglitag Formation carbonate rocks of Tahe, whereas more primary pores were preserved in the same lithostratigraphic unit of the Tazhong （No. 1 fault zone）. Available high-energy reef-shoal facies and early diagenesis, with more primary pores preserved, provided a key material basis for the Lianglitag Formation carbonate reservoirs that largely oc- curred in Tazhong.

Origin and source of CO_2 in natural gas from the eastern Sichuan Basin

The CO2 contents of natural gas from the eastern Sichuan Basin were mainly less than 2%, and they were generally large when the H2S contents were over 5%. The natural gas in the eastern Sichuan Basin showed high δ13C1 values uncorrelated with H2S contents, and the oil-associated gas generally displayed carbon isotopic reversal between methane and ethane, whereas the coal-derived gas samples displayed positive series. The δ13c values of CO2 in the natural gas could be divided into two types, one with low values （-24‰-12‰） and the other with high values （-8‰-4‰）. The natural gas had low R/Ra values and broad COj3He values distinct from the mantle-derived gas, and the CO2 was typical of crustal origin. Natural gas with high δ3Cco2 values is distributed in the north region of the eastern Sichuan Basin, and CO2 in H2S-poor and H2S-free reservoirs was mainly derived from the thermal decomposition of carbonate rocks under Permian magmatism and high heat flow, whereas CO2 in the gas reservoirs with high TSR extent was derived mainly from the dedolomitization of carbonate reservoirs under acidic formation water, and the CO2 of TSR origin generally entered into the secondary calcite. The CO2 in natural gas in the south-central region of the eastern Sichuan Basin, which had been rarely affected by the Emeishan mantle plume, displayed low δ13C values and was of organic origin. Though the natural gas in Wolonghe gas field had experienced TSR, the low reac- tion extent and weak acidity of formation water could hardly have resulted in the dedolomitization, and therefore CO2 in the natural gas was mainly of TSR origin with low δ13C values.

Carbon isotopic composition of Early Triassic marine carbonates, Eastern Sichuan Basin, China

As the interval following the biggest Phanerozoic mass extinction at the end of Permian, the Early Triassic is characterized by an immature, poorly functioned ecosystem.The effects of these extreme environmental conditions can be mirrored by the changes in the δ13C record of marine carbonates.However, the details about the carbon isotopic composition and evolution of the Early Triassic seawater remain poorly understood.A dataset of new δ13C and δ18O values as well as selected major and trace element data (including concentrations of CaO, MgO, Mn, and Sr) was obtained from 113 marine carbonate samples collected in Eastern Sichuan Basin.The isotopic and elemental data are used to evaluate effects of thermochemical sulfate reduction on δ13C.The δ13C values of a few samples affected by thermochemical sulfate reduction were corrected.By combining carbonate δ13C results in our investigated sections, we constructed a composite curve of the Lower Triassic.The results reveal a δ13C anomaly of carbonate rocks throughout the Early Triassic, accompanied by some rapid jumps and falls, such as those from approximately -2‰ to the extremely high value of 8‰ within a period of about 5 Ma.The Early Triassic δ13C profile derived from Eastern Sichuan Basin shows a close correspondence with Guandao section in Guizhou Province, whereas it yields an excursion pattern differing from Chaohu section in Anhui Province of the Lower Yangtze region (with the δ13C value from the minimum around -6‰ to the maximum near 4‰).The higher δ13C values and the positive carbon isotope excursions in the Lower Triassic from Eastern Sichuan Basin were most likely a consequence of the principal environmental change that may include: (1) the barren land surface due to the absence of vegetation, (2) the loss of diverse marine invertebrate groups and marine carbonates, (3) the thriving of bacteria, algae and methanogenus in ocean ecosystems, and (4) the local effect of the repositories of isotopically light carbon occurred in the form of methane hydrates.This process ended at the Early-Middle Triassic boundary, which indicates that the biotic recovery started at the end of the Lower Triassic.The terrestrial vegetation and marine invertebrates, as the regulators for carbon cycle, are irreplaceable and demand strong protections.