海底沉积物酸解烃脱气装置的改进

酸解烃方法过去主要用在常规油气地球化学勘查中。近几年通过对海底天然气水合物地球化学勘查试验研究,发现该方法也能应用其中。酸脱气过程是酸解烃方法的最重要组成部分,它直接影响到该方法的最后测试结果。为满足当前海洋地质调查中沉积物取样特点,笔者等在前人工作基础上对酸解烃方法中酸脱气装置进行了改进。通过一系列条件试验,确定了在改进后装置下酸脱气过程中最佳的样品粒度、盐酸浓度、反应时间等条件。通过平行性试验和准确性试验,证明该酸脱气装置所得到的数据基本可靠,结果符合部颁标准。

酸浴脱气装置国产化改进

介绍了由奥地利兰精公司引进的酸浴脱气装置的工艺流程、设备结构和脱气过程,针对存在的问题进行技术改进,在原装置基础上自行设计了酸浴脱气装置,使用效果优于引进设备。

酸浴脱气操作法的改进

针对酸浴脱气工序原脱气操作方法存在的不足,摸索并推行新脱气操作法。通过生产实践验证了该操作法的效果,新操作方法工艺控制稳定、可操作性强。本文介绍了新操作法的操作要点。

酸浴脱气系统冷凝器的优化

介绍了粘胶纤维生产中,酸浴脱气系统采用混合式冷凝器和间壁式冷凝器的工作原理、工艺流程。通过优化,使用间壁式冷凝器避免了有毒有害气体直接接触冷却水,冷却水可循环使用,且减少了设备投入。

Study on Desorbing Sulfur Dioxide from Citrate Solution by Ultrasonlficatlon

Using a sonochemical reactor designed by the authors,the process of removing sulfur dioxide from cit- rate solution simulating the flue gas desulfurization was studied.The influence of ultrasonic frequency,ultrasonic power,reaction temperature,stirring speed,inert gases,initial concentration of sulfur dioxide and concentration of citrate on the efficiency of sulfur dioxide desorption,the stability of citrate solution and the concentration of sulfate radical was examined systematically.By comparing the desorption of sulfur dioxide with and without ultrasonifica- tion,it was concluded that(1)lower ultrasonic frequency results in a better degassing efficiency;(2)the use of ul- trasonification in desorbing sulfur dioxide from citrate solution improves the desorbing efficiency in some condi- tions,without changing the essence of chemical reactions;(3)sparging inert gas into the liquid can lower the vis- cosity of solution and the cavitating threshold,and raise the desorption efficiency.These results demonstrate a technical way for deep desorption of sulfur dioxide and provide the fundamental data for future industrial disposal of sulfur dioxide.

Hydrothermal synthesis of calcium sulfate whisker from flue gas desulfurization gypsum

Plenty of flue gas desulfurization(FGD) gypsum generated from coal-fired power plants for sulfur dioxide sequestration caused many environmental issues. Preparing calcium sulfate whisker(CSW) from FGD gypsum by hydrothermal synthesis is considered to be a promising approach to solve this troublesome problem and utilize calcium sulfate in a high-value-added way. The effects of particle size of FGD gypsum, slurry concentration,and additives on CSW were investigated in this work. The results indicated that fine particle size of FGD gypsum and moderately high slurry concentration were beneficial for crystal nucleation and growth. Three additives of magnesium chloride, citric acid, and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate(SDBS) were employed in this study. It was found that mean length and aspect ratio of CSW were both decreased by the usage of magnesium chloride,while a small quantity of citric acid or SDBS could improve the CSW morphology. When multi-additives of citric acid-SDBS were employed, the mean length and aspect ratio increased more than 20%. Moreover, surface morphology of CSW went better, and the particle size and crystal shape became more uniform.

Gas-phase dehydration of glycerol over commercial Pt/γ-Al_2O_3 catalysts

Gas-phase dehydration of glycerol to produce acmlein was investigated over commercial catalysts based on γ-Al2O3, viz. A-64, A-56,1-62, AP-10, AP-56, AP-64 and KR-104. To understand the effect of Cl anions, HCl-impregnated sup- ports have been investigated in the dehydration reaction of glycerol at 375 ℃. For comparison, various H-zeolites were also examined. It was found that the glycerol conversion over the solid acid catalysts was strongly dependent on their acidity and surface area. And the relationship between the catalytic activity and the acidity of the catalysts was discussed. The outstanding properties of Pt/γ-Al2O3 catalyst systems for the dehydration of glycerol were revealed. Pt/γ-Al2O3 catalyst （AP-64） showed the highest catalytic activity after 50 h of reaction with an acrolein selectivity of 65% at a conversion of glycerol of 90%. Based on these results, catalysts based on γ-Al2O3 appear to be most promising for gas phase dehydration of glycerol.

The decoupling between gas exchange and water potential of Cinnamomum camphora seedlings during drought recovery and its relation to ABA accumulation in leaves

Aims Drought stress and the degree of drought severity are predicted to rise under highly variable patterns of precipitation due to climate change,while the capacity of trees to cope with drought recovery through physiological and biochemical adjustment remains unclear.We aimed to examine the coupling of physiology and biochemistry in trees during drought and the following recovery.Methods Potted seedlings of Cinnamomum camphora were grown under well watered conditions prior to the experimental drought stress,which was initiated by withholding water.Seedlings were rewatered following attainment of two drought severities:mild drought(stomatal closure)and moderate drought(ψxylem=−1.5 MPa).We measured leaf-level water potential,gas exchange(photosynthesis and stomatal conductance),abscisic acid(ABA),proline and non-structural carbohydrates(NSCs)concentrations in seedlings of C.camphora during drought and a 4-day recovery.Important Findings We found that drought severity largely determined physiological and biochemical responses and affected the rate of recovery.Stomatal closure occurred at the mild drought stress,accompanied with ABA accumulation in leaves and decline in water potential,while leaf proline accumulation and variable NSC were evident at the moderate drought stress.More severe drought stress led to delayed recovery of gas exchange,but it did not have significant effect on water potential recovery.The relationships of water potential and gas exchange differed during drought stress and post-drought recovery.There was tight coupling between water potential and gas exchange during drought,but not during rewatering due to high ABA accumulation in leaves,thereby delaying recovery of stomatal conductance.Our results demonstrate that ABA could be an important factor in delaying the recovery of stomatal conductance following rewatering and after water potential recovery of C.camphora.Furthermore,greater drought severity had significant impacts on the rate of recovery of tree physiology and biochemistry.