聚乙烯醇与氨基酸接枝共聚物的合成及光谱研究

本文致力于氨基酸类高分子药物的合成、表征。研究目的是研制一种氨基酸类高分子药物用于临床治疗 ;研究方法是将氨基酸与选定的高分子化合物进行高分子化学反应 ,联结到高分子链上 ;研究结果是合成了聚乙烯醇与氨基酸 (甘氨酸、丙氨酸 )的共聚物 ,用红外光谱、核磁共振谱对共聚物进行了分析和表征 ,并通过谱图对氨基酸的转化率进行了讨论 ,结果证明产物符号要求 ,且甘氨酸比丙氨酸的转化率高。

固体酸催化剂结构与催化反应机理的核磁共振研究(英文)

固体酸催化剂因具有环境友好、高产物选择性和易于分离等优点而广泛应用于现代石油化工领域的各种催化过程。固体核磁共振是一种研究功能材料结构和动力学性质的有力工具。本文将主要介绍固体核磁共振在表征固体酸催化剂的表面酸性以及多相催化反应机理方面的应用。具体来说,可以通过一系列探针分子(如吡啶、丙酮、三烷基氧磷和三甲基磷)的NMR化学位移实验观测值来定量测量酸强度;二维双量子魔角旋转(DQ MAS)固体核磁共振技术能够揭示催化剂上酸中心的空间临近性及协同效应。另外,原位固体核磁共振可以揭示多相催化反应过程中反应物、中间体、反应产物的演化,阐明催化反应机理。

含酸原油加工中石油酸的分布及传递

为了考察含酸原油中的石油酸在各装置的分布情况,对某炼油厂常减压蒸馏、催化裂化、焦化、加氢、重整装置进行了全面的采样分析,不仅得到了装置各部位的酸值分布及传递,还对重点装置原料和产品中的石油酸变化进行了分子水平表征。结果表明:常减压蒸馏装置常二线、常三线、减一线、减二三线及减压渣油易发生高温酸腐蚀;实沸点蒸馏与常减压蒸馏酸分布存在明显差异;与催化裂化原料相比,催化裂化柴油和油浆中各碳数的石油酸含量都很低,3种物料中含量最高的石油酸都是二环环烷酸;焦化柴油和焦化蜡油中各碳数的石油酸含量都很低,其中一环环烷酸相对含量较高,分解较少。本研究结果对含酸原油加工、装置防腐及产品质量控制都具有指导意义。

固体酸催化剂及分子筛晶化过程的核磁共振研究

介绍了一些常规固体核磁共振的技术的发展状况,并综述了固体核磁共振在多孔材料中的应用情况,其中包括沸石分子筛酸性和结构表征以及目前在分子筛合成机理研究中的应用进展.本文的主要内容是利用固体核磁共振结合其它表征技术研究了一类介孔固体酸催化材料的酸性以及两种微孔磷铝分子筛的合成晶化过程.

Research on Expression of LeWRKY1 in Tomato Induced by Jasmonic Acid and Other Two Factors

[Objective]The aim was to explore the molecular mechanism of plant resistance to various stress response.[Method]The expression of LeWRKY1 in tomato seedlings under treatment with B.cinerea,exogenous JA and SA were explored by real time quantitative RT-PCR technology.[Result]JA induced the expression of LeWRKY1,but SA did not.LeWRKY1 expression was up-regulated under B.cinerea infection.[Conclusion]LeWRKY1 might be involved in the tomato defense response to B.cinerea through JA dependent but SA independent signal pathway.

Synthesis and characterization of ε-VOPO_4 nanosheets for secondary lithium-ion battery cathode

Vanadium （III） phosphate monoclinic VPO4·H2O was synthesized hydrothermally. The ε-VOPO4 nanosheets, formed by the oxidative de-intercalation of protons from monoclinic VPO4·H2O, can reversibly react with more than 1 mol lithium atoms in two steps. Crystal XRD analysis revealed that the structure of the ε-VOPO4 nanosheets is monoclinic with lattice parameters of α=7.2588（4） A, b=6.8633（2） A and c=7.2667（4） A. The results show that the ε-VOPO4 nanosheets have a thickness of 200 nm and uniform crystallinity. Electrochemical characterization of the ε-VOPO4 monoclinic nanosheets reveals that they have good electrochemical properties at high current density, and deliver high initial capacity of 230.3 mA· h/g at a current density of 0.09 mA/cm2. Following the first charge cycle, reversible electrochemical lithium extraction/insertion at current density of 0.6 mA/cm2 affords a capacity retention rate of 73.6% （2.0？4.3 V window） that is stable for at least 1000 cycles.

Preparation and Characterization of Two-component Waterborne Polyurethane Comprised of Water-soluble Acrylic Resin and HDI Biuret

A two-component waterborne polyurethane(2K-WPU) was prepared by mixing water-soluble acrylic resin and hexamethylene diisocyanate biuret, and then diluted for phase inversion with water. Compared with water-soluble acrylic resin, the phase inversion of 2K-WPU occurs at lower water content. It is indicated by TEM that 2K-WPU parti-cles show a core-shell structure, in which HDI biuret is encapsulated by hydrophilic acrylic resin. 2K-WPU emulsion with HDI biuret has larger particle size and narrower distribution index, while for 2K-WPU emulsion with HDI iso-cyanurate, the latex not only has large particle size, but also has two-peak distribution. FTIR shows that the reaction be-tween HDI biuret and acrylic resin can complete in 12h. In addition, studies on effect of composition of acrylic resin on performance of 2K-WPU show that narrowing the polar difference between water-soluble acrylic resin and HDI biuret and improving the miscibility of two components are the key to prepare the transparent and high gloss films with high crosslinking density.

Preparation, Characterization and Catalytic Behavior of 12-Molybdophosphoric Acid Encapsulated in the Supercage of Cs^＋-exchanged Y Zeolite

In order to solve the serious leaching problem of supported heteropoly acid catalysts in polar reaction media, 12-molybdophosphoric acid encapsulated in the supercage of Cs^＋-exchanged Y zeolite was prepared by the ＂ship in the bottle＂ synthesis. The influence of ion-exchange conditions and the synthesis parameters on the encaosulation of PMo12 were investigated. The obtained solid sample was characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, 31p magic angle spin nuclear magnetic resonance （MAS NMR） and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy （FT-IR）, and its catalytic activity in the esterification of acetic acid and n-butanol was tested. The ion-exchange time, concentration of aqueous Cs^＋ solution, pH value, and amount of Mo added in the synthesis mixture were revealed to influence the encapsulation very remarkably. Under the optimal conditions, 12-molybdophosphoric acid could be successfully encapsulated in the supercage of CsY zeolite, and the samples showed considerable catalytic activity and excellent reusability in the esterification reaction.

Effect of bath composition and pulse electrodeposition condition on characteristics and microhardness of cobalt coatings

Nanocrystalline cobalt coatings were produced from cobalt sulfate based electrolytes by using pulse current electrodeposition technique.The effects of bath composition and electrodeposition condition on current efficiency,morphology,structure and hardness of the coatings were investigated and the optimum deposition condition was determined.It was found that increment of cobalt sulfate concentration and sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS)concentration in the bath had a negligible effect on microhardness of the coatings,while they were effective on electrodeposition current efficiency.Adding saccharin to electrodeposition bath decreased crystallite size of hexagonal close-packed(hcp)cobalt films and increased their microhardness without significant effect on current efficiency.Smoother and less defective coatings were also obtained from baths containing SDS and saccharin.The results revealed that both the current efficiency and microhardness were changed by variation of peak current density and duty cycle.Besides change of smooth morphology of the coatings to needle-shaped one,crystallite sizes and preferred orientation also varied with increasing the current density and duty cycle.

Synthesis and Characterization of Fluorine-containing Polyacrylate Emulsion with Core-Shell Structure

A fluorine-containing polyacrylate copolymer emulsion was synthesized by a seed emulsion polymerization method, in which methyl methacrylate （MMA） and butyl acrylate （BA） were used as main monomers and hexafluorobutyl methacrylate （HFMA） as fluorine-containing monomer. The structure and properties were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrum （FT-IR）, transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, particle size analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）, contact angle （CA）, differential scanning calorimetry （DSC） and thermogravimetry （TG） analysis. The FTIR and TEM results showed that HFMA was effectively involved in the emulsion copolymerization, and the formed emulsion particles had a core-shell structure and a narrow particle size distribution. XPS and CA analysis revealed that a gradient concentration of fluorine existed in the depth profile of fluorine-containing emulsion film which was richer in fluorine and more hydrophobic in one side. DSC and TG analysis also showed that a clear core-shell structure existed in the fluorine-containing emulsion particles, and their film showed higher thermal stability than that of fluorine-free emulsion.

A Simplified Method for Purifying Osteoclasts from Human Giant Cell Tumor of Bone

Objective: To purify and identify the osteoclasts from the tissue of humangiant cell tumor of bone. Methods: We have developed a new method that allows the purification oflarge numbers of authentic osteoclasts (OCs). The OCs were isolated from tissue of human giant celltumor of bone by 0.25% trypsin and collagenase. We characterized OCs in terms of the expression ofdifferent phenotypic markers of OCs. The phenotypic markers of OC included Tartrate-resistant acidphosphatase staining (TRAP). The expression of calcitonin receptor (CTR), cathepsin K and receptoractivator of necrosis factor κB (RANK) mRNA were examined by RT-PCR. Results: The OC cell purifiedby above method functioned normally in vitro. The purity was about 79.7%. They showed the normalosteoclast phenotypes markers of OC. Conclusion: The method provides a system for performingbiochemical and molecular studies of OCs. The study indicates that the method of purifying theosteoclasts from human GCT cell can be used for research of bone metabolism.

Synthesis and Characterization of Ethylenediamine Tetraacetic Acid Tetrasodium Salt Loaded in Microcapsules with Slow Release Properties

The microcapsules with cores of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid tetrasodium salt(Na4-EDTA)and walls of polyurea were synthesized via an interfacial polycondensation reaction with 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate as an oil-soluble monomer and diethyl triamine as a water-soluble monomer.Various manufacturing parameters,including the amount of emulsifier,agitation speed,stirring time and ratios of the wall materials to core materials,were altered to optimize process variables during the synthesis of microcapsules,and the effects of these parameters on the characteristics of the microcapsules were examined.The structure,morphology,mean particle size and size distribution were characterized by optical microscope and scanning electron microscopy(SEM),showing that the mean diameter of optimal microspheres was approximately 6μm,and microcapsules were spherical.In vitro release of Na4-EDTA from these microcapsules was performed in distilled water.Under the optimal preparation conditions, the Na4-EDTA release profiles were biphasic with a burst release followed by a gradual release phase.After an initial burst,a continuous Na4-EDTA release was up to 5-7 days.The optimal synthesis conditions for the microcapsules with stable,good morphology and good controlled-release properties were as follows:emulsifier Span-80 10% (by mass),agitation speed 900 r·min1,stirring time 30 min,and the ratio of the wall materials to core materials 0.15.

Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Second-order Optical Nonlinearity of 6-Nitro-[1,10]phenanthroline-1-ium Nitrate, [HphenNO2]^+NO_3^-

The title compound [HphenNO2]+NO3- has been prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, electronic absorption spectroscopy, TG/DTA, IR, 1H and 13C NMR spectro- scopy. Single-crystal X-ray structure determination of the title compound was also carried out. It crystallizes in monoclinic, space group Cc with a = 13.861(3), b = 10.142(2), c = 8.7320(17) ? b = 103.70(3)? C12H8N4O5, Mr = 288.22, V = 1192.6(4) 3, Z = 4, Dc = 1.605 g/cm3 , F(000) = 592, (MoK) = 0.129 mm-1, R = 0.0439, wR = 0.1125 and GOF =1.114. In the crystal lattice, the molecules create a network structure through hydrogen bonds. The second order optical non- linearity was performed by quantum chemical method, showing the title compound has higher molecular hyper polarizability value (?= 24.66×10-30 esu).

Synthesis of Bisphenols Carrying Long Hydrocarbon Side Chains

Bisphenols containing long aliphatic hydrocarbon side chains were synthesized by the condensation of phenol with aldehyde or ketone in the presence of heteropolyacid. Their structures were characterized by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and element analysis. The experiment results show that when heteropolyacid was used as a catalyst, these bisphenols were obtained in high selectivity and high yields.

Production and characterization of alkaline extracellular lipase from newly isolated strain Aspergillus awamori HB-03

A strain HB-03 to produce alkaline extracellular lipase was isolated from oil-rich soil samples and identified as Aspergillus awamori. The growth conditions and nutritional factors for lipase production by strain HB-03 were optimized, and the maximum lipase production of （45.9±2.3） U/mL was obtained at 30 ℃ and pH 7.0 after 36 h using olive oil （1%） and sucrose （0.5%） as carbon sources and combination of peptone （2%）, yeast extract （0.5%） and ammonium sulfate （0.1%） as nitrogen sources. The lipase was purified to homogeneity with 10.6-fold, 18.84% yield and a specific activity of 1 862.2 U/mg using ammonium sulfate precipitation followed by SephadexG-75 gel filtration chromatography. The purified lipase with molecular mass of 68 ku was estimated by SDS-PAGE. The optimum pH and temperature for the purified lipase were found to be 8.5 and 40 ℃, respectively. The lipase kept more than 80% of activity in pH 7.0-10.0 and temperatures up to 45 ℃. The metal ions of Mn2＋, Ba2＋ significantly enhanced the lipase activity, whereas Cu2＋, Fe3＋ and Mg2＋ strongly reduced the lipase activity. The Km and Vmax values of the purified enzyme for p-nitrophenyl palmitate were 0.13 mrnol/L and 60.6 mmol/（L.min）, respectively. The results show that this novel lipase has potential industrial applications.

Constrained Al sites in FER-type zeolites

Crystallographic sites of Brönsted acids(Si-OH-Al)in zeolites,which are closely associated with the Al sites,play a significant and unique role in the catalytic application,especially when they are distributed in open channel systems or confined in cavities with small pore openings.In this article,we unraveled constrained Al crystallographic sites in FER-type zeolites containing the distinct local environments(10-ring channels and ferrierite cavities)by Rietveld refinement against the powder X-ray diffraction data.Final refinement demonstrates that regardless of the types of structure-directing agents and synthetic medium utilized,T1 and/or T3 are Al-rich positions,which are further confirmed by theoretical calculations.This new finding of constrained Al sites in the FER-type zeolite can well explain its limited catalytic activity in the DME carbonylation reaction.

Preparation and characterization of Ca-P coating on AZ31 magnesium alloy

A Ca-P coating consisting of biodegradableβ-tricalcium phosphate[β-TCP,β-Ca3(PO4)2]accepted for medical application was coated on a biodegradable AZ31 alloy by chemical deposition to improve the corrosion resistance.The good bonding strength of the coating is obtained.The results show that the corrosion potential of the Ca-P coated AZ31 alloy increases significantly,and MG63 cells show good adherence,proliferation and differentiation on the surface of the coated alloy.The Ca-P coating might be an effective way to improve the surface bioactivity of magnesium alloys.

Molecular Characterization of the Duck Enteritis Virus UL4 Gene

Duck enteritis virus(DEV) is a herpesvirus that causes an acute,contagious and fatal disease. In the present article,the DEV UL4 gene was cloned and sequenced from a vaccine virus. A degenerate oligonucleotide primer for the consensus site of herpesvirus UL3 gene and a specific primer located in UL5 were used in the polymerase chain reaction(PCR) to amplify a DNA product 2 086 bp in size. DNA sequence analysis revealed that a 714 bp open reading frame(ORF) of DEV encoding a 237 amino acid polypeptide is homologous to the family of herpesvirus UL4 proteins and therefore has been characterized as a DEV UL4 gene. Alignment of the DEV UL4 protein sequence with those of other alphaherpesviruses showed that 10 amino acid residues are completely conserved. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that the seventeen alphaherpesviruses viruses analyzed were classified into four large groups,and the duck enteritis virus branched separately,closely related to the Mardiviruses group comprising Gallid herpesvirus 2(GaHV-2) ,Gallid herpesvirus 3(GaHV-3) and Meleagrid herpesvirus 1(MeHV-1) . The present study showed that the evolutionary relationship of the UL4 protein could be used for classification of alphaherpesviruses.

Construction and characterization of a normalized cDNA library of Nannochloropsis oculata(Eustigmatophyceae)

We constructed and characterized a normalized cDNA library of Nannochloropsis oculata CS-179,and obtained 905 nonredundant sequences(NRSs) ranging from 431-1 756 bp in length.Among them,496 were very similar to nonredundant ones in the GenBank(E ≤1.0e-05),and 349 ESTs had significant hits with the clusters of eukaryotic orthologous groups(KOG).Bases G and/or C at the third position of codons of 14 amino acid residues suggested a strong bias in the conserved domain of 362 NRSs(>60%).We also identified the unigenes encoding phosphorus and nitrogen transporters,suggesting that N.oculata could efficiently transport and metabolize phosphorus and nitrogen,and recognized the unigenes that involved in biosynthesis and storage of both fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFAs),which will facilitate the demonstration of eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA) biosynthesis pathway of N.oculata.In comparison with the original cDNA library,the normalized library significantly increased the efficiencies of random sequencing and rarely expressed genes discovering,and decreased the frequency of abundant gene sequences.

Lipid characterization of an arachidonic acid-rich oil producing fungus Mortierella alpina

Mortierella alpina has been considered as the most effective producer of arachidonic acid(ARA)-rich oil. It was found that several methods could improve the percentage of ARA in total lipids successfully, as they activated the desaturation system on the endoplasmic reticulum. Additionally, in M. alpina the ARA exists in several forms, such as triacylglycerol(TAG), and diacylglycerol(DAG). These forms are caused by different acyltransferases and they determine the nutrient value of the microbial oil. However, few works revealed detailed fatty acid distribution among lipid classes, which to some extent impeded the accurate regulation in ARA accumulation. Herein, this paper gives information on the accumulation process of main lipid classes and the changes of fatty acid composition in these lipids during ARA accumulation period in M. alpina. The result demonstrates that TAG was the dominant component of the total lipids, and it is the main form for ARA storage. The ARA enrichment stage occurred during 168–192 h when the amount of total lipids maintained steady. Further analysis indicated that the newly formed ARA-TAG might come from the incorporation and modi fication of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids in other lipid classes. This work could be helpful for further optimization of ARA-rich TAG production.