基于科学探究核心素养的初中生物课堂拓展实验初探--以“模拟酸雨影响种子的萌发”为例

以模拟酸雨影响种子的萌发为例进行创新教学设计,通过课堂拓展实验,丰富课程内容,培养学生创新能力,从而多维立体地在实践教学中培养学生科学探究的核心素养。

模拟酸雨对水稻叶片荧光光谱特性的影响

通过水稻盆栽试验，研究了不同ｐＨ值的模拟酸雨对水稻叶片荧光光谱特性的影响。结果表明，高酸度的酸雨对４５０ｎｍ处的峰强以及６８５ｎｍ和７４０ｎｍ处的峰强比值产生较为明显的影响，且该影响随水稻生育期而变化。

酸雨对水稻产量的影响及补救措施

酸雨对水稻产量的影响与发生时期、伤害程度有关,以伤害剑叶产量损失最重,喷施芸苔素内酯、磷酸二氢钾及尿素可调节水稻生长,减轻酸雨伤害;为害严重田块应改种或改作再生稻。

“探究环境污染对生物的影响”的实验教学设计

基于学科核心素养的培育,围绕模拟探究实验“酸雨对生物的影响”设计“探究环境污染对生物的影响”一节的教学:通过课上和课下、全班实验和兴趣小组结合的方式,践行实践育人,培养学生的创新精神、科学探究和科学思维能力;通过亲眼见证模拟酸雨对植物的影响,认识酸雨的危害,提高环保意识,增强关爱生物圈的社会责任感。

Influence of some agricultural practices on the soil acidification in acid precipitation areas

Both acid precipitation and unreasonable agricultural practices are notorious artificial factors resulting in soil acidification. To sort out reasonable agricultural practices favorable to abating soil acidification, the task of this study was directed to a long-term field trial in Chongqing, dudng which chemical fertilizer, organic fertilizer were applied to different crop rotations and the soil pH value was measured. The results indicated that all treatments decreased pH value in the 0 to 20 cm soil layer after ten years. Problems were more serious when chlorine-containing fertilizer, excessive chemical fertilizer and mixed fertilizer were applied. It is demonstrated that balance rates of N, P and K fertilizers, application of muck in field are advantageous to abating soil acidification. Oil plants affect soil acidification more than cereal in different crop rotation.