气相色谱固定相GDX-101及GDX-103分离醇系物的对比研究

以氮气作载气， 对气相色谱固定相ＧＤＸ１０１ 及ＧＤＸ１０３在分析醇系物时分离速度和分离效果进行对比实验研究， 以选择其中一种作为色谱分析醇系物最佳固定相⒀通过实验得出以下结论：

渗透汽化分离醇-醚及醇-酯物系的研究进展

综述了分离醇-醚、醇-酯物系所使用的膜,主要包括纤维素类、壳聚糖类、聚乙烯醇类、芳香聚合物类膜和聚电解质-表面活性剂复合膜的渗透汽化性能。聚乙烯醇类膜的分离因子大而渗透通量小;聚电解质-表面活性剂复合膜的分离因子和渗透通量都基本复合工业应用的要求,但膜的稳定性较差。对比了交联、共混、小分子无机物填充和表面改性等多种膜制备和改性手段对膜的渗透汽化分离性能的影响,并分析了膜的物理化学结构特性与其渗透汽化分离性能的关系;半互穿网络结构可以增加聚合物膜的自由体积,而使渗透通量显著提高;小分子硅钨酸填充壳聚糖膜的分离因子和渗透通量均基本达到工业应用的要求。

有机直接进样-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法直接测定醇系食品模拟物中特定元素的迁移量

采用有机直接进样-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法直接测定醇系食品模拟物中特定元素钡、钴、铜、铁、锰、锌和锂的迁移量。有机进样系统的射频功率为1350W，雾化气流量为0．30L·min-1，冷却气流量为13L·min，辅助气流量为1．0L·min～-1。7种元素在一定的质量浓度范围内与其发射强度呈线性关系，方法的检出限（3s）在0．6～7．8μg·L叫之间。加标回收率在98．29／5～107％之间，测定值的相对标准偏差（n=7）小于2．0％。

Effects of Acetochlor and Methamidophos on Fungal Communities in Black Soils

Using plate counting and ergosterol assay, single and joint effects of acetochlor and methamidophos on the dynamicsof soil fungal population and total fungal biomass in the black soil zone of Northeast China were investigated. The resultsdemonstrated that acetochlor at high concentration levels (150 and 250 mg kg-1) had an acute and mostly chronic toxicityon both the soil fungal population and total fungal biomass, but at a low concentration (50 mg kg-1) generally had astimulating effect that was stronger with total fungal biomass than with the soil fungal population. Methamidophos ata high concentration level (250 mg kg-1) alone and almost all of its combinations with various dosages of acetochlorincreased the soil fungal population, whereas at most sampling dates with 250 mg methamidophos kg-1 soil, total fungalbiomass increased, but in combination with acetochlor it was decreased in the early period of incubation and then increased28 days after incubation. Thus, through measuring the number of colony forming unit of the soil fungal population alongwith the total fungal biomass, a better understanding on effects of agrochemicals on soil fungi could be made.

Synthesis of Dibenzylidene Sorbitol Series Compound

A series of alditol derivatives were designed and synthesized with relatively high yield. On the basis of reaction between sorbitol and a series of substituted benzaldehyde in the presence of an acid catalyst, a series of acetal derivatives were synthesized through free hydroxyl esterification. D-sorbitol acetal amido derivatives were prepared by reduction of nitryl and acylation of amino. D-sorbitol acetal carboxyl esterification derivatives were prepared through esterification and hydrolysis. By high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectra (HPLC-MS) and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectra (1H-NMR), 36 compounds prepared were identified. Among these derivatives prepared, 26 compounds have not been reported in the previous literatures.

Estimation of Octanol-Water Partition Coefficient of Chloride Hydrocarbon by Group Contribution Method

A novel method named two-level group contribution （GC-K） method for the estimation of octanol-water partition coefficient （Kow） of chloride hydrocarbon is presented. The equation includes only normal boiling points and molecular weight of compounds. Group contribution parameters of 12 first-level groups and 7 second-level groups for Kow are obtained by correlating experimental data of three types including 57 compounds. By comparing the estimation results of the first-level with that of the two-level groups, it was observed that the latter is better with the addition of the modification of proximity effects. When compared with Marrero＇s three-level group contribution approach and atom-fragment contribution method （AFC）, the accuracy of the average relative error of GC-K by first-level groups is 7.20% and is preferred to other methods.

Effect of 2-amino-2-[2-(4-octylphenyl) ethyl] propane- 1,3-diol hydrochloride (FTY 720) on immune liver injury in mice

AIM: To investigate the protective effect against two immune liver injury models in mice by 2-amino-2-[2-(4-octylphenyl) ethyl] propane-l,3-diol hydrochloride and its possible mechanisms in Con A-induced liver damage. METHODS: Liver tissue or hepatocyte injury was monitored biochemically by measuring alanine aminotransferase (sALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (sAST) activity. Hematoxylin & eosin (HE) staining was used for histopathological examination. To evaluate the role of IFN-γ and IL-4 in the liver injury, serum levels of IFN-γ and IL-4 were determined using commercially available ELISA kit at 12 h after Con A challenge. We also determined FTY 720-induced spleen cell apoptosis by flow cytometry analysis or spleen cell proliferation test. RESULTS: Different doses of FTY 720 treatment dramatically reduced circulating markers of hepatocyte injury in two kinds of immunological liver injury models. FTY 720 dramatically reduced the elevated serum IFN-γ and IL-4 levels after Con A injection. Effect of spleen cell supernatants treated with Con A or FTY 720 on hepatocytes showed that ALT activities in cultured hepatocyte supernatants in Con A treatment group increased markedly and FTY 720 could reduce this elevated ALT activities in FTY 720 treatment group. FTY 720 dose-dependently increased the percentage of apoptotic cells in T cells and inhibited splenocyte proliferation induced by Con A. CONCLUSION: Pretreatment with FTY 720 was shown to produce protective effect on the immune liver injury in mice. The possible mechanism of FTY 720 on Con A-induced liver damage is that it could inhibit lymphocyte proliferation and induce lymphocyte apoptosis, resulting in the reduction of IL-4 or IFN-γ release, and subsequently protecting liver from being damaged by Con A.

An analysis of an ethanol-based, whole-crop refinery system in China

Bio-fuel can be used to help transition from a petroleum-based society to a bio-based society. Ever since the China Development and Reform Commission suspended the approval of crop processing programs, second-generation bio-ethanol research and industrialization processes have attracted significant attention. In 2020, bio-ethanol production is predicted to reach 10 million tons. Currently, there are a few domestic enterprises that have established different scaled pilot or demonstration bases for cellulosic ethanol, which reduce the cost of ethanol by continuously improving pretreatment and hydrolysis techniques. In the next three years, these enterprises will realize large-scale commercial production. Given the practical problems in cellulosic ethanol plant construction and operation(e.g., marketing price variation and difficulties in feedstock collection), this paper began with the concept of a "whole-crop refinery" and presented a solution to the integration of industry and agriculture as well as multi-crop refining. This paper then took the whole-crop refining system of corn as an example and presented an analysis of the logistics, energy flow, and economical efficiency of the system. The results demonstrated that the integrated system could properly reduce the required fixed investments in production equipment,shared utilities, and wastewater treatment facilities, as well as reduction of energy consumption. Although the proposed system has several problems, it brings the long-term goal of large-scale commercial application closer than ever.

Preparation of Iminodiacetic Acid-Polyethylene Glycol for Immobilized Metal Ion Affinity Partitioning

The synthesis route was investigated and optimized for the preparation of iminodiacetic acid-polyethylene glycol (IDA-PEG) for immobilized metal ion affinity partitioning in aqueous two-phase systems. IDA-PEG was synthesized from PEG in two steps by the reaction of iminodiacetic acid with a monosubstituted derivative of epichlorohydrin-activated PEG. The Cu2+ content combined with IDA-PEG was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry as 0.5 mol·mol^-1 (PEG). Furthermore, the affinity partitioning behavior of lactate dehydrogenase in polyethylene glycol/hydroxypropyl starch aqueous two-phase systems was studied to clarify the affinity effect of the Cu(Ⅱ)-IDA-PEG.

Liquefaction of metal-contaminated giant reed biomass in acidified ethylene glycol system:Batch experiments

Giant reed is a suitable pioneer plant for metal-contaminated soil phytoremediation,however,it is imperative to dispose the metal-contaminated biomass after harvesting.The liquefaction of metal-contaminated giant reed biomass in ethylene glycol system with sulfuric acid as catalyst for the precursors of polyurethane compounds was studied.The results show that giant reed biomass from metal-contaminated soil is potentially liquefied and significantly affected by solvent/solid ratio,liquefaction temperature and liquefaction time （P〈0.05）.The liquefaction rate of biomass in acidified ethylene glycol system can reach 85.2% with optimized conditions of 60 min,170 ℃,3% sulfuric acid and solvent/biomass ratio of 5：1.The hydroxyl value of liquefied products is of 481 mg KOH/g while reactive hydroxyl groups of them are abundant,which is promised as potential precursors for polyurethane compounds.The solvent liquefaction is a potential method to dispose the metal-contaminated biomass,however,the containing-metal liquefied products should be studied deeply in order to get the suitable precursors in future.

Antiproliferative Activity of Kappaphycus Alvarezii Extract on Three Cancer Cell Lines （NCIH 460, HCT 116 and U 251）

The methanolic extract of red seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii was evaluated against three different cancer cell lines to study for its antiproliferative effect. Lung cancer cell line （NCIH 460）, Colon cancer cell line （HCT 116） and Glial cell carcinoma （U 251） are the three selected cell lines investigated in this study. Different concentrations of methanol extract （0.01, 0.10, 1.00, 10.00 and 100.00 lag/mL respectively） of Kappaphycus alvarezii were prepared and screened by quantitative MTT （Microculture Tetrazolium） （3-（4, 5-dimethylthiazol）-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide） assay. MTT assay are the colorimetric assay which was applied to assess the viability and proliferation of cancer cells to determine the cytotoxicity of methanol extract ofK. alvarezii. The MTT test is based on the enzymatic reduction of the tetrazolium salt （MTT） to formazon crystals exclusively in living metabolically active cells developed purple color complex which was directly proportional to the viability of cells. To elucidate the in-vitro anticancer activity the Lethal Concentration （LC50）, Growth Inhibition （GI50） and Total Growth Inhibition （TGI） of the extract were investigated individually for each cancer celt line. Analysis of the extract has shown good cytotoxicity in all tested cancer cell lines, with an IC50 of 55 μg/mL against NCIH460 and U251, 65 μg/mL for HCT116 respectively. GI50 was found to be 5 μg/mL for NCIH 460 and 10 μg/mL for HCT 116 and U251 cell lines. TGI was 19 μg/mL for NCIH 460, 29 μg/mL for HCT 116 and 25 μg/mL for U 251 cell lines. The cytotoxicity of the extract were significantly high in Lung Cancer Cell line （NCIH 460） when compared to Colon Cancer Cell line （HCT 116） and Glial Cell Carcinoma （U251） in the following order NCIH 460 〉 HCT 116 〉 U251.

Metabolomics Study in Methylotrophic Yeast： A Minireview

Methylotrophic yeast has been used as a cost-effective and valuable host for expression of recombinant protein due to its unique methanol utilisation pathway. It has an AOX （alcohol oxidase） protein which has been characterised to be a strong and tightly methanol-inducible dependent promoter. Metabolomics is the systematic study and inclusive analysis of small molecules called metabolites in a biological system. Metabolomics plays an important part in connecting the phenotype and genotype gap because it magnifies the modifications in the proteome and provides a better phenotype representation of an organism. This quantitative study has provided a new perception on the metabolic burden derived from the overexpression of recombinant protein in methylotrophic yeast. In this review, we discuss the fundamental aspect of metabolomics in methylotrophic yeast followed by their latest developments.

Detection of bacterial endotoxin in paclitaxel liposome

Based on current research, there are three technologies during the test of bacterial endotoxin of liposomes：（1） extraction of bacterial endotoxin from liposomes;（2） addition of bacterial endotoxin in the process of recovery test; and（3） elimination of the interference factors from drugs and excipients. In the present study, we pointed out that the key technologies to test bacterial endotoxin from paclitaxel liposome included following steps： extraction of bacterial endotoxins from ethanol-dissolved liposomes; preparation of positive control of recovery solution by adding 0.01 m L standard endotoxins in 1 m L liposome ethanol solution; and the use of 0.5% human albumin to eliminate the interference from detection, and accurate detection of the bacterial endotoxin of liposomes.

Co-delivery of doxorubicin and paclitaxel with linear-dendritic block copolymer for enhanced anti-cancer efficacy

A series of well-defined amphiphilic linear-dendritic block copolymers （telodendrimers, MPEG-b-PAMAM-cholesterol） with 1,2,4 or 8 cholesteryl groups （named as P1, P2, P4, P8, respectively） were synthesized. Their chemical structures were char- acterized with IH NMR and mass spectrum （MALDI-TOF MS）. The telodendrimers could self-assemble into micelles in aqueous solution, and encapsulate chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin （DOX） and paclitaxel （PTX） for combination therapy. All the telodendrimers could encapsulate DOX with similar capability. However, their drug-loading capability of PTX is in- creased with the increasing number of cholesteryl groups. P8 exhibited much higher PTX loading efficiency than its counter- parts. Thus, P8 was selected for further application of drug delivery in the paper. The drug-loading micellar nanoparticles （NPs） of P8 were spherical in shape and their diameters were less than 150 nm which were determined by dynamic light scattering measurements （DLS） and transmission electron microscope （TEM）. In vitro drug release experiment demonstrated that P8 ex- hibited a controlled release manner for both DOX and PTX, and the two drugs were released simultaneously. In vitro cytotoxi- city experiment further demonstrated that the co-delivery of DOX and PTX in P8 exhibited better anti-cancer efficiency than the delivery systems encapsulated with single drug （DOX or PTX）. This indicates a synergistic effect. The co-delivery system showed potential in future anti-cancer treatment.