Reactive dividing wall column(RDWC) is a highly integrated unit which combines reaction distillation(RD) with dividing wall column separation technology into one shell, and it realized the chemical reaction and the se...Reactive dividing wall column(RDWC) is a highly integrated unit which combines reaction distillation(RD) with dividing wall column separation technology into one shell, and it realized the chemical reaction and the separation of multiple product fractions simultaneously. In this paper, the reaction of esterification with acetic acid and ethanol to produce ethyl acetate was used as the research system, experiments and simulations of the RDWC were carried out. This system in the traditional process mostly used the homogeneous catalyst(e.g. sulfuric acid). However, in view of the corrosion of the equipment caused by the acidity of the catalyst, we used the heterogeneous catalysts – iron exchange resins – Amberlyst15 and proposed a novel catalyst loading method. Firstly,the reliability of the model of the simulation was verified by the experimental study on the change of liquid split ratio and reflux ratio. After that, the four-column model was established in Aspen Plus to analyze the effects of the amount of azeotropic agent, reflux ratio and acetic acid concentration. Finally, for a fair comparison, the economic analysis was conducted between traditional RD column and RDWC. The results showed that RDWC can save34.7% of total operating costs and 18.5% of TAC.展开更多
A new dynamic ebulliometer is used to determine vapor-liquid equilibrium(VLE) data experimentally. In the equipment,both phases are recirculated. Its operation is a consequence of the Cotrell pump effect produced when...A new dynamic ebulliometer is used to determine vapor-liquid equilibrium(VLE) data experimentally. In the equipment,both phases are recirculated. Its operation is a consequence of the Cotrell pump effect produced when the mixture is heated in a double-walled inverted vessel. The reliability of the apparatus is tested with the mixtures studied previously by various authors. VLE data for the binary systems of methyl acetate + methanol and the methyl acetate + ethanol at 0.5 MPa are determined. The experimental data are confirmed with the point-to-point test of van Ness,applying the Fortran program of Frendslund et al. In addition,the experimental results are com-pared with the UNIFAC(including different versions) and ASOG prediction models.展开更多
Vapor-liquid equilibrium(VLE) data were measured for ternary system water + ethanol + 1-butyl-3methylimidazolium acetate([bmim][OAc]),in a relatively wide range of ionic liquid(IL) mass fractions up to 0.8.Six sets of...Vapor-liquid equilibrium(VLE) data were measured for ternary system water + ethanol + 1-butyl-3methylimidazolium acetate([bmim][OAc]),in a relatively wide range of ionic liquid(IL) mass fractions up to 0.8.Six sets of complete T-x-y data were obtained,in which the mole fraction of ethanol on IL-free basis was fixed separately at 0.1,0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8,and approximate 0.98.The non-random-two-liquid(NRTL) and electrolyte non-random-two-liquid(eNRTL) equations were used for correlation,showing similar deviations.The ternary VLE was also modeled with the correlation from two data sets,with the mole fractions of ethanol on IL-free basis being 0.1 and approximate 0.98.The VLE data were also reproduced satisfactorily.With the eNRTL model,the root-mean-square deviation for temperature is 0.79 K and that for vapor-phase mole fraction is 0.0094.The calculations are in good agreement with experimental data.The effect of the IL on the VLE behavior of the volatile components is also illustrated.展开更多
Abstract Acetic acid was selected as the model compound representing the carboxylic acids present in bio-oil. This work focuses the co-cracking of acetic acid with ethanol for bio-gasoline production. The influences o...Abstract Acetic acid was selected as the model compound representing the carboxylic acids present in bio-oil. This work focuses the co-cracking of acetic acid with ethanol for bio-gasoline production. The influences of reaction temperature and pressure on the conversion of reactants as well as the selectivity and Conaposition of the crudegasoline phase were investigated. It was found that increasing reaction temperature benefited the conversion of reactants and pressurized cracking produced a higher crude gasoline yield. At 400 ℃ and 1 MPa, the conversion of the reactants reached over 99% and the selectivity of the gasoline phase reached 42.79% （by mass）. The gasoline phase shows outstanding quality, with a hydrocarbon content of 100%.展开更多
The binary liquid-liquid equilibrium(LLE) data for salt-containing systems of 1-butanol+water+CaCl2, n-butyl acetate+water+CaCl2 and ethyl acetate+acetic acid+water+CaCl2 were determined and the salt effect was analyz...The binary liquid-liquid equilibrium(LLE) data for salt-containing systems of 1-butanol+water+CaCl2, n-butyl acetate+water+CaCl2 and ethyl acetate+acetic acid+water+CaCl2 were determined and the salt effect was analyzed. The results showed that an obvious salt effect could be identified for the systems of 1-butanol+water+CaCl2 and ethyl acetate+acetic acid+water.展开更多
Ethyl acetate extract of endophytic fungus from Penicillium sp. of kunyit putih showed antibacterial activity in vivo but no acute toxicity. However, the extract may have toxic effects on major organs for long-term co...Ethyl acetate extract of endophytic fungus from Penicillium sp. of kunyit putih showed antibacterial activity in vivo but no acute toxicity. However, the extract may have toxic effects on major organs for long-term consumption. This study was carried out in order to test sub-chronic toxicity of the ethyl acetate from endophytic fungus Penicillium sp. of kunyit putih against mice(Mus musculus). A total of 50 male mice were divided into five groups. Groups Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ were orally administered with ethyl acetate extracts of 250, 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg body weight(BW), respectively. Group Ⅴ was used as a control without extract treatment. A toxic symptom was observed by analyzing several parameters, namely change in BW, hematologic and biochemical properties(SGOT & SGPT), macroscopic organs, and relative organ weight. The results showed that there was toxic symptom and statistically significant difference in the parameters of SGOT, SGPT and heart weight between treated and control groups. Based on analysis, we concluded that ethyl acetate extract from endophytic fungus Penicillium sp. of kunyit putih had subchronic toxicity effect.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To examine the antioxidative and hepatoprotective activities of the effective fraction separated from the fruit of Livistona chinensis(FLC)and to explore the possible mechanism.METHODS:The antioxidative acti...OBJECTIVE:To examine the antioxidative and hepatoprotective activities of the effective fraction separated from the fruit of Livistona chinensis(FLC)and to explore the possible mechanism.METHODS:The antioxidative activities of the various fractions separated from FLC were analyzed by in vitro DPPH(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl) hydrazyl,DPPH) radical and superoxide anion free radical(O^(2-)) scavenging assays.The potential hepatoprotective effects of the ethyl acetate fraction separated from FLC(EFLC) were examined in LO_2 cells and mice.LO_2 cells were incubated with EFLC and exposed to H_2O_2-induced oxidative stress.BABL/C mice were orally administered EFLC for consecutive7 d,and fulminant hepatitis was induced by cauda vein injection of Con A on day 7.RESULTS:EFLC showed prominent antioxidative effects in DPPH-and O^(2-) scavenging assays.EFLC pretreatment effectively protected LO_2 cells from H_2O_2-induced oxidative stress by decreasing apoptosis and raising the levels of antioxidant enzymes.Additionally,EFLC protected mice against Con A-induced fulminant hepatitis by markedly reducing the serum levels of alanine transaminase and aspartate aminotransferase,attenuating histological damage of the mouse liver,and elevating the levels of glutathione peroxidase and total superoxide dismutase,while decreasing the contents of methane dicarboxylic aldehyde,tumor necrosis factor-α,and interleukin-1β in the mouse liver.Furthermore,EFLC pretreatment downregulated the protein expression of B-cell lymphoma 2(Bcl-2) associated X protein,caspase-3,caspase-8,Fas,and Fas L,while upregulating the protein expression of Bcl-2 in the mouse liver.CONCLUSION:These findings revealed that EFLC effectively protected against in vivo and in vitro liver injury,and the mechanism is closely associated with its antioxidative and anti-apoptotic properties.展开更多
基金Supported by the Project funded by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2016M590191)the Key Basic Research Items in Application Basic Research Program of Hebei Province(16964502D)
文摘Reactive dividing wall column(RDWC) is a highly integrated unit which combines reaction distillation(RD) with dividing wall column separation technology into one shell, and it realized the chemical reaction and the separation of multiple product fractions simultaneously. In this paper, the reaction of esterification with acetic acid and ethanol to produce ethyl acetate was used as the research system, experiments and simulations of the RDWC were carried out. This system in the traditional process mostly used the homogeneous catalyst(e.g. sulfuric acid). However, in view of the corrosion of the equipment caused by the acidity of the catalyst, we used the heterogeneous catalysts – iron exchange resins – Amberlyst15 and proposed a novel catalyst loading method. Firstly,the reliability of the model of the simulation was verified by the experimental study on the change of liquid split ratio and reflux ratio. After that, the four-column model was established in Aspen Plus to analyze the effects of the amount of azeotropic agent, reflux ratio and acetic acid concentration. Finally, for a fair comparison, the economic analysis was conducted between traditional RD column and RDWC. The results showed that RDWC can save34.7% of total operating costs and 18.5% of TAC.
文摘A new dynamic ebulliometer is used to determine vapor-liquid equilibrium(VLE) data experimentally. In the equipment,both phases are recirculated. Its operation is a consequence of the Cotrell pump effect produced when the mixture is heated in a double-walled inverted vessel. The reliability of the apparatus is tested with the mixtures studied previously by various authors. VLE data for the binary systems of methyl acetate + methanol and the methyl acetate + ethanol at 0.5 MPa are determined. The experimental data are confirmed with the point-to-point test of van Ness,applying the Fortran program of Frendslund et al. In addition,the experimental results are com-pared with the UNIFAC(including different versions) and ASOG prediction models.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （20776132）
文摘Vapor-liquid equilibrium(VLE) data were measured for ternary system water + ethanol + 1-butyl-3methylimidazolium acetate([bmim][OAc]),in a relatively wide range of ionic liquid(IL) mass fractions up to 0.8.Six sets of complete T-x-y data were obtained,in which the mole fraction of ethanol on IL-free basis was fixed separately at 0.1,0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8,and approximate 0.98.The non-random-two-liquid(NRTL) and electrolyte non-random-two-liquid(eNRTL) equations were used for correlation,showing similar deviations.The ternary VLE was also modeled with the correlation from two data sets,with the mole fractions of ethanol on IL-free basis being 0.1 and approximate 0.98.The VLE data were also reproduced satisfactorily.With the eNRTL model,the root-mean-square deviation for temperature is 0.79 K and that for vapor-phase mole fraction is 0.0094.The calculations are in good agreement with experimental data.The effect of the IL on the VLE behavior of the volatile components is also illustrated.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51276166)the National Science Technology Supporting Plan Through Contract(2011BAD22B06)+1 种基金the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation(R1110089)the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University(NCET-10-0741)
文摘Abstract Acetic acid was selected as the model compound representing the carboxylic acids present in bio-oil. This work focuses the co-cracking of acetic acid with ethanol for bio-gasoline production. The influences of reaction temperature and pressure on the conversion of reactants as well as the selectivity and Conaposition of the crudegasoline phase were investigated. It was found that increasing reaction temperature benefited the conversion of reactants and pressurized cracking produced a higher crude gasoline yield. At 400 ℃ and 1 MPa, the conversion of the reactants reached over 99% and the selectivity of the gasoline phase reached 42.79% （by mass）. The gasoline phase shows outstanding quality, with a hydrocarbon content of 100%.
文摘The binary liquid-liquid equilibrium(LLE) data for salt-containing systems of 1-butanol+water+CaCl2, n-butyl acetate+water+CaCl2 and ethyl acetate+acetic acid+water+CaCl2 were determined and the salt effect was analyzed. The results showed that an obvious salt effect could be identified for the systems of 1-butanol+water+CaCl2 and ethyl acetate+acetic acid+water.
基金support Sriwijaya Universitysponsored by "Penelitian Hibah Bersaing", Ministry of Research Technology and Higher Education, Indonesia
文摘Ethyl acetate extract of endophytic fungus from Penicillium sp. of kunyit putih showed antibacterial activity in vivo but no acute toxicity. However, the extract may have toxic effects on major organs for long-term consumption. This study was carried out in order to test sub-chronic toxicity of the ethyl acetate from endophytic fungus Penicillium sp. of kunyit putih against mice(Mus musculus). A total of 50 male mice were divided into five groups. Groups Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ were orally administered with ethyl acetate extracts of 250, 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg body weight(BW), respectively. Group Ⅴ was used as a control without extract treatment. A toxic symptom was observed by analyzing several parameters, namely change in BW, hematologic and biochemical properties(SGOT & SGPT), macroscopic organs, and relative organ weight. The results showed that there was toxic symptom and statistically significant difference in the parameters of SGOT, SGPT and heart weight between treated and control groups. Based on analysis, we concluded that ethyl acetate extract from endophytic fungus Penicillium sp. of kunyit putih had subchronic toxicity effect.
基金the Science and Technology Plan Projects of Guangdong(No.2013A022100002)
文摘OBJECTIVE:To examine the antioxidative and hepatoprotective activities of the effective fraction separated from the fruit of Livistona chinensis(FLC)and to explore the possible mechanism.METHODS:The antioxidative activities of the various fractions separated from FLC were analyzed by in vitro DPPH(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl) hydrazyl,DPPH) radical and superoxide anion free radical(O^(2-)) scavenging assays.The potential hepatoprotective effects of the ethyl acetate fraction separated from FLC(EFLC) were examined in LO_2 cells and mice.LO_2 cells were incubated with EFLC and exposed to H_2O_2-induced oxidative stress.BABL/C mice were orally administered EFLC for consecutive7 d,and fulminant hepatitis was induced by cauda vein injection of Con A on day 7.RESULTS:EFLC showed prominent antioxidative effects in DPPH-and O^(2-) scavenging assays.EFLC pretreatment effectively protected LO_2 cells from H_2O_2-induced oxidative stress by decreasing apoptosis and raising the levels of antioxidant enzymes.Additionally,EFLC protected mice against Con A-induced fulminant hepatitis by markedly reducing the serum levels of alanine transaminase and aspartate aminotransferase,attenuating histological damage of the mouse liver,and elevating the levels of glutathione peroxidase and total superoxide dismutase,while decreasing the contents of methane dicarboxylic aldehyde,tumor necrosis factor-α,and interleukin-1β in the mouse liver.Furthermore,EFLC pretreatment downregulated the protein expression of B-cell lymphoma 2(Bcl-2) associated X protein,caspase-3,caspase-8,Fas,and Fas L,while upregulating the protein expression of Bcl-2 in the mouse liver.CONCLUSION:These findings revealed that EFLC effectively protected against in vivo and in vitro liver injury,and the mechanism is closely associated with its antioxidative and anti-apoptotic properties.
