醋酸度检测探讨

食醋总酸度的测定以往采用容量分析法.但市售食醋在生产过程中伴有大量色素物质生成.滴定分析时不易观察终点.分析误差较大.据文献报道.活性炭能吸附有机大分子色素,可做为多种有色水溶液常用的脱色剂.当准确检测.笔者采用活性炭对阳信鸭梨醋吸附脱色,对其酸度测定进行了探讨.

超声强化制备低取代度黄姜醋酸酯淀粉的工艺研究

在比较未施加超声场和超声强化制备相同取代度黄姜醋酸酯淀粉条件的基础上,以黄姜醋酸酯淀粉的取代度为指标,探讨用超声强化制备低取代度醋酸酯淀粉的工艺,并用扫描电镜(SEM)对产物的表面形貌进行分析。结果表明:超声强化可以促进淀粉的酯化反应,而且制备低取代度的醋酸酯淀粉的效果更为明显。超声强化制备低取代度醋酸酯淀粉过程中,超声作用时间影响显著,其最佳工艺条件为:超声作用时间为15min,超声温度为50℃～60℃,超声波功率为96W。由SEM分析结果可知,超声辅助法对所制备的相同取代度的黄姜醋酸酯淀粉的颗粒大小和表面形貌有一定的影响。

基于神经网络算法的食用白醋发酵过程优化

以食用白醋的发酵过程条件为研究对象,以单影响因子对白醋发酵过程中醋酸度的影响数据和正交试验醋酸度检测数据为试验样本,建立白醋发酵条件和醋酸浓度之间的神经网络数据模型,对模型求解后得到白醋发酵条件的最佳组合方式。经过优化试验验证,预估白醋发酵醋酸度浓度与试验得到的醋酸浓度相对误差均值小于2.8%。利用神经网络进行白醋发酵过程优化,对白醋发酵优化结果的提高具有重要意义。

Solubilities of Isophthalic Acid in Acetic Acid ＋ Water Solvent Mixtures

The solubilities of isophthalic acid （1） in binary acetic acid （2） ＋ water （3） solvent mixtures were determined in a pressurized vessel. The temperature range was from 373.2 to 473.2K and the range of the mole fraction of acetic acid in the solvent mixtures was from x2 = 0 to 1. A new method to measure the solubility was developed, which solved the problem of sampling at high temperature. The experimental results indicated that within the temperature range studied, the solubilities of isophthalic acid in all mixtures showed an increasing trend with increasing tem- perature. The expe^mental solubilities were co .rrelated by the Buchowski equation, and the calculate results showed good agreement with the experimental solubilities. Furthermore, the mixed solvent systems were found to exhibit a maximum solubility effect on the solubility, which may be attributed to the intermolecular association between the solute and the solvent mixture： The maximum solubility effect was well modeled by the modified Wilson equation.

Oxidative Desulfurization of Non-hydrotreated Kerosene Using Hydrogen Peroxide and Acetic Acid

The oxidative desulfurization of a real refinery feedstock (i.e.,non-hydrotreated kerosene with total sulfur mass content of 0.16%) with a mixture of hydrogen peroxide and acetic acid was studied.The influences of various operating parameters including reaction temperature (T),acid to sulfur molar ratio (nacid/nS),and oxidant to sulfur molar ratio (nO/nS) on the sulfur removal of kerosene were investigated.The results revealed that an increase in the reaction temperature (T) and nacid/nS enhances the sulfur removal.Moreover,there is an optimum nO/nS related to the reaction temperature and the best sulfur removal could be obtained at nO/nS=8 and 23 for the reaction temperatures of 25 and 60°C,respectively.The maximum observed sulfur removal in the present oxidative desulfurization system was 83.3%.

Simulation for Transesterification of Methyl Acetate and n-Butanol in a Reactive and Extractive Distillation Column Using Ionic Liquids as Entrainer and Catalyst

A new reactive and extractive distillation process with ionic liquids as entrainer and catalyst （RED-IL）was proposed to produce methanol and n-butyl acetate by transesterification reaction of methyl acetate with n-butanol. The RED-IL process was simulated via a rigorous model, and high purity products of methanol and n-butyl acetate can be obtained in such a process. The effects of reflux ratio, feed mode, holdup, feed location, entrainer ratio and catalyst concentration on RED-IL process were investigated. The conversion of methyl acetate and purities of products increase with the holdup in column, entrainer ratio and catalyst content. An optimal reflux ratio exists in RED-IL process. Comparing to the mixed-feed mode, the segregated-feed mode is more effective, in which the optimal feed locations of reactants exist.

Viscosities of Pure Water, Acetic Acid ＋ Water, and p-Xylene ＋ Acetic Acid ＋ Water at Different Temperature and Pressure

The viscosities of pure water,the acetic acid+water binary system,and the p-xylene+acetic acid+ water ternary system at different concentrations were determined with a rolling-ball viscometer at temperatures from 313.15 to 473.15 K and pressures from 0.10 to 3.20 MPa.The viscosity data were fitted by a correlation equation for the estimation of the mixture viscosities.The average absolute deviations(AAD)of the correlation for binary and ternary systems are 2.48%and 1.77%,respectively.

Compatibility of novel blends from polyolefin and coal

Melt blends of low-density polyethylene(LDPE), ethylene vinyl acetate(EVA) and coal with various compositions were prepared through reactive extrusion. The rheological behaviour was studied with respect to the effect of blend ratio, shear rate using a rheometer to gain an understanding of processing parameters controlling industrial ap-plication. Compatibility was also evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM). The results revealed that LDPE/EVA/coal is a partly compatible system showing pseudo-plastic behaviour, increase in viscosity with increased coal content appeares evident only at low shear rate region, viscosity tends to keep consistent approximately but irrelates to coal content at higher shear rate. Blends viscosity and compatibility are attibuted to changes in LDPE crystalline structure and entanglement, together with interaction between macromolecular aliphatic chains in coal and amorphous phase in LDPE and EVA at the boundaries of phases, which comes forth during the rear-rangement process of the crystalline structure.

Helpfulness of the combination of acetic acid and FICE in the detection of Barrett's epithelium and Barrett's associated neoplasias

AIM:To investigate the mucosal morphology in Barrett's oesophagus by chromo and magnifying endoscopy.METHODS:A prospective pilot study at a tertiary medical centre was conducted to evaluate the use of acetic acid pulverisation combined with virtual chromoendoscopy using Fujinon intelligent chromoendoscopy(FICE) for semiological characterization of the mucosal morphology in Barrett's oesophagus and its neoplastic complications.Upper endoscopy using high definition whitelight,2% acid acetic pulverisation and FICE with high definition videoendoscopy were performed in 20 patients including 18 patients who presented with aspects of Barrett's oesophagus at endoscopy examination.Two patients used as controls had normal endoscopy and histological results.Prospectively,videos were watched blind from histological results by three trained FICE technique endoscopists.RESULTS:The videos of patients with high-grade dysplasia showed an irregular mucosal pattern in 14% using high definition white light endoscopy and in 100% using acid acetic-FICE combined.Videos did not identify irregular vascular patterns using high definition white light endoscopy,while acid acetic-FICE combined visualised one in 86% of cases.CONCLUSION:Combined acetic acid and FICE is a promising method for screening high-grade dysplasia and early cancer in Barrett's oesophagus.

Novel Control Structure Design of Differential Pressure Thermally Coupled Reactive Distillation for Methyl Acetate Hydrolysis

In this paper, the novel control structures of differential pressure thermally coupled reactive distillation process for methyl acetate hydrolysis were proposed. The RadFrac module of Aspen Plus was adopted in the steady-state simulation. Sensitive analysis was applied to find the stable intial value and provide a basis for the improved control structure design. The Aspen Dynamics software was adopted to study the process dynamic behaviors, and two novel control structures provided with feed ratio controllers and sensitive tray temperature controllers were proposed. The reflux ratio controllers were applied in the improved novel control structures. Both control structures abandoned the composition controllers that were replaced by simpler controllers with which the product purity could meet the specification requiring under a ± 20% disturbance to the total feed flowrate / MeAc composition.

Excess Molar Volume, Viscosity and Heat Capacity for the Binary Mixture of p-Xylene and Acetic Acid at Different Temperatures

Experimental densities, viscosities and heat capacities atdifferent temperatures were presented over the entire range of molefraction for the binary mixture of p-xylene and acetic acid. Densityvalues were used in the determination of excess molar volumes, V^E.At the same time, the excess viscosity and excess molar heatcapacities were calculated. The values of V^E, η~E and c^E_p werefitted to the Redlich-Kister equation. Good agreements were observed.The excess molar volumes are positive with a large maximum valuelocated in the central concentration range.

Production of Bio-gasoline by Co-cracking of Acetic Acid in Bio-oil and Ethanol

Abstract Acetic acid was selected as the model compound representing the carboxylic acids present in bio-oil. This work focuses the co-cracking of acetic acid with ethanol for bio-gasoline production. The influences of reaction temperature and pressure on the conversion of reactants as well as the selectivity and Conaposition of the crudegasoline phase were investigated. It was found that increasing reaction temperature benefited the conversion of reactants and pressurized cracking produced a higher crude gasoline yield. At 400 ℃ and 1 MPa, the conversion of the reactants reached over 99% and the selectivity of the gasoline phase reached 42.79% （by mass）. The gasoline phase shows outstanding quality, with a hydrocarbon content of 100%.

Homogeneous Acetylation of Cellulose at Relatively High Concentrations in an Ionic Liquid

At relatively high cellulose mass concentrations(8%,10%,and 12%),homogeneous acetylation of cellulose was carried out in an ionic liquid,1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride(AmimCl).Without using any catalyst,cellulose acetates(CAs)with the degree of substitution(DS)in a range from 0.4 to 3.0 were synthesized in one-step.The effects of reaction time,temperature and molar ratio of acetic anhydride/anhydroglucose unit(AGU) in cellulose on DS value of CAs were investigated.The synthesized CAs were characterized by means of FT-IR, NMR,and solubility,mechanical and thermal tests.After the acetylation,the used ionic liquid AmimCl was easily recycled and reused.This study shows the potential of the homogeneous acetylation of cellulose at relatively high concentrations in ionic liquids in future industrial applications.

Density and Excess Molar Volume of Binary Mixtures ofp-Xylene＋Acetic Acid and o-Xylene＋Acetic Acid at Different Temperatures and Pressures

A new apparatus was designed with a thick-walled glass capillary, electric heater tube with red copper and heat preservation. The thick-walled glass capillary was used for its advantages of resistance to acid corrosion and pressure, and ease of observation. The experimental densities over the entire range of mole fraction for the binary mixture of p-xylene＋acetic acid and o-xylene＋acetic acid were measured using the new apparatus at temperatures ranging from 313.15K to 473.15K and pressure ranging from 0.20 to 2,0 MPa. The density values were used in the determination of excess molar volumes, W. The Redlich-Kister equation was used to fit the excess molar volume values, and the coefficients and estimate ot the standard error values were presented. The experimental resuits prove that the density measurement apparatus is successful.

Novel Gas-assisted Three-liquid-phase Extraction System for Simultaneous Separation and Concentration of Anthraquinones in Herbal Extract

Gas-assisted three-liquid-phase extraction(GATE), which has the advantages of both three-liquid-phase extraction and solvent sublation, is a novel separation technique for separation and concentration of two organic compounds into different phases in one step. This highly effective and economically applicable method has been developed for separating emodin and rhein from herbal extract. In a GATE system composed of butyl acetate/PEG4000/ammonium sulfate aqueous solution, influence of various parameters including gas flow rate, flotation time, salt concentration, initial volume of PEG and butyl acetate was investigated. Within 50 min of 30 ml·min-1nitrogen flow, removal ratio of emodin and rhein from aqueous phase could be over 99% and 97%, respectively.Mass fraction of emodin in the BA phase and rhein in the PEG phase could reach 97% and 95%, respectively. It is demonstrated that gas bubbling is effective for partitioning of emodin and rhein into butyl acetate and PEG phase respectively, and dispersed PEG and butyl acetate could be captured from the aqueous solution. Experimental results show that GATE could be an effective and economical technology for concentration and separation of co-existed products in medicinal plants.

Preparation and properties of solution-processed zinc tin oxide films from a new organic precursor

Transparent,smooth and dense zinc tin oxide (ZTO) thin films have been successfully produced by using a new precursor solution,zinc acetate and tin(II) 2-ethylhexanoate mixed with 2-ethanolamine in methoxyethanol.The ZTO films have been prepared by spin-coating,followed by thermal treatment in oxygen atmosphere.The morphology,composition,crystallinity and band gap energy (Eg) of the ZTO thin films have been characterized by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM),Atomic Emission Spectrometry (AES),X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and UV-vis spectrophotometry.The conductivity of ZTO is about 9.8×10-9 S/cm,as estimated from the current-voltage (I-V) curve.The effect of the thermal treatment process on the morphology of ZTO thin films is also discussed.

小儿金宁口服液的解热、镇痛、抗炎作用研究

目的:观察小儿金宁的解热、镇痛、抗炎作用。方法:采用内毒素、干酵母致热法观察其解热作用;采用扭体法、热板法观察其镇痛作用;采用二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀法和醋酸致小鼠腹腔毛细血管通透性增高法观察其抗炎作用。结果:小儿金宁(4.1、8.2、16.4g/kg)可显著抑制内毒素所致发热反应,小儿金宁(6.85、13.7、27.4g/kg)可显著抑制干酵母所致发热反应;小儿金宁(13.7、27.4、54.8g/kg)对醋酸和热板诱发的小鼠疼痛有明显的抑制作用,可减轻二甲苯所致小鼠耳肿胀度,降低醋酸引起的小鼠腹腔毛细血管通透性增高。结论:小儿金宁具有明显的解热、镇痛和抗炎作用。