目的探讨吸烟者的烟草知识、态度和行为与尼古丁依赖的相互关系,探索降低尼古丁依赖的控烟方法。方法研究对象为2016—2017年上海成人烟草流行调查的吸烟人群,采用《2016—2017年中国成人烟草流行调查问卷》进行横断面研究,按早晨醒来...目的探讨吸烟者的烟草知识、态度和行为与尼古丁依赖的相互关系,探索降低尼古丁依赖的控烟方法。方法研究对象为2016—2017年上海成人烟草流行调查的吸烟人群,采用《2016—2017年中国成人烟草流行调查问卷》进行横断面研究,按早晨醒来后到吸第一支烟的时间(time to first cigarette,TTFC)将人群分为早吸组(TTFC≤30 min)和晚吸组(TTFC>30 min)。结果早吸组491人(44.56%),晚吸组611人(55.44%),认为吸烟不会造成中风、心脏病、肺癌、阴茎勃起障碍的吸烟者比认为吸烟会造成这4种疾病的人,早吸风险增加(OR=1.506,95%CI:1.078~2.104);开始吸烟年龄更晚的人早吸风险降低(OR=0.956,95%CI:0.931~0.982)。结论TTFC较短的吸烟者对烟草危害认知较低,应提供具体的吸烟危害知识、改变吸烟者对于控烟的态度和鼓励年轻人不要过早接触烟草。展开更多
Numerical study of three-dimensional evolution of wake-type flow and vortex dislocations is performed by using a compact finite diffenence-Fourier spectral method to solve 3-D incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. A...Numerical study of three-dimensional evolution of wake-type flow and vortex dislocations is performed by using a compact finite diffenence-Fourier spectral method to solve 3-D incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. A local spanwise nonuniformity in momentum defect is imposed on the incoming wake-type flow. The present numerical results have shown that the flow instability leads to three-dimensional vortex streets, whose frequency, phase as well as the strength vary with the span caused by the local nonuniformity. The vortex dislocations are generated in the nonuniform region and the large-scale chain-like vortex linkage structures in the dislocations are shown. The generation and the characteristics of the vortex dislocations are described in detail.展开更多
文摘目的探讨吸烟者的烟草知识、态度和行为与尼古丁依赖的相互关系,探索降低尼古丁依赖的控烟方法。方法研究对象为2016—2017年上海成人烟草流行调查的吸烟人群,采用《2016—2017年中国成人烟草流行调查问卷》进行横断面研究,按早晨醒来后到吸第一支烟的时间(time to first cigarette,TTFC)将人群分为早吸组(TTFC≤30 min)和晚吸组(TTFC>30 min)。结果早吸组491人(44.56%),晚吸组611人(55.44%),认为吸烟不会造成中风、心脏病、肺癌、阴茎勃起障碍的吸烟者比认为吸烟会造成这4种疾病的人,早吸风险增加(OR=1.506,95%CI:1.078~2.104);开始吸烟年龄更晚的人早吸风险降低(OR=0.956,95%CI:0.931~0.982)。结论TTFC较短的吸烟者对烟草危害认知较低,应提供具体的吸烟危害知识、改变吸烟者对于控烟的态度和鼓励年轻人不要过早接触烟草。
基金the Special Founds for Major State Basic Research Projects (G1999032801), and by the National Climbing A Pre-selected Projects and the National Natural Science Foundation of China. Computational resourceswere provided by NCFC computer center, CAS. The he
文摘Numerical study of three-dimensional evolution of wake-type flow and vortex dislocations is performed by using a compact finite diffenence-Fourier spectral method to solve 3-D incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. A local spanwise nonuniformity in momentum defect is imposed on the incoming wake-type flow. The present numerical results have shown that the flow instability leads to three-dimensional vortex streets, whose frequency, phase as well as the strength vary with the span caused by the local nonuniformity. The vortex dislocations are generated in the nonuniform region and the large-scale chain-like vortex linkage structures in the dislocations are shown. The generation and the characteristics of the vortex dislocations are described in detail.
