不同采收期对川半夏产量和品质的动态变化影响

[目的]研究不同采收期对川半夏产量和品质的影响,以确定川半夏的最佳采收时间。[方法]7月9日~11月6日每15 d采收一次,共设9个不同采收时期,测定各采收期川半夏块茎主要产量性状和水溶性浸出物平均含量。[结果]各采收期的川半夏各产量性状及水溶性浸出物平均含量存在差异,9月22日采收的川半夏单株总块茎数、大中块茎粒数最多,净产量、增殖率和折干率最高,水溶性浸出物平均含量亦较高。[结论]川半夏最佳采收期为9月下旬。

种植密度对北方设施叶用甘薯茎尖、产量和效益的影响

为探索北方地区设施叶用甘薯适宜种植密度,兼顾采摘难易和效益,在留有采收空间的前提下,设置6个密度(12万、15万、18万、21万、24万和27万株/hm^(2)),研究其对叶用甘薯茎尖性状、采收产量和效益的影响。结果表明:与12万株/hm^(2)处理相比,15万、18万、21万、24万和27万株/hm^(2)处理下,总采收量分别显著增加14.9%、19.4%、25.7%、20.5%、16.4%,21万株/hm^(2)处理的产量最高;产量的增加源于平均采收茎尖数的增加,其中单次采收茎尖数的增幅在采收前期和中期较大,采收前期茎尖产量的增幅高于后期。随着密度的增加,单个茎尖平均鲜重逐渐降低,主要源于采收茎尖基部茎粗的降低。各处理下叶用甘薯净效益均较12万株/hm^(2)处理增加,以21万株/hm^(2)处理的净效益最高,增幅达30.1%。综合考虑,为兼具采摘和生产功能,在设施留有30 cm采收空间的条件下,种植叶用甘薯推荐21万株/hm^(2)的密度,3行为一生产单元,留出采收空档,参考株行距18 cm×17 cm。

不同叶用甘薯品种在北京地区种植的比较评价

为丰富适宜北京地区种植的叶用甘薯品种,选取13个品种,以福菜薯18号为参照,对比各品种的食用评价、采收产量及产量构成等。结果表明:食用评价方面,鄂菜薯10号、薯绿1号、鄂菜薯1号、鄂菜薯2号、广菜薯5号、浙菜薯1号的综合评分高于对照。采收产量方面,与对照相比,莆薯53、浙菜薯1号、鄂菜薯10号的总采收量分别增加14.1%、7.6%、4.6%,其中莆薯53达到显著性差异;广菜薯5号和广菜薯7号分别减少5.1%、6.5%,未达到显著性差异。分析其单次采收构成,浙菜薯1号、鄂菜薯10号、广菜薯5号的单个茎尖平均鲜重较对照增加15%以上,其中浙菜薯1号、鄂菜薯10号达到显著性差异;莆薯53的单次平均采收茎数较对照增加6.6%,其中采收前期增幅较为明显。综上,除福菜薯18号外,以浙菜薯1号、鄂菜薯10、广菜薯5号综合表现较佳,建议进一步生产试验后推广。

Effects of Different Transplanting and Harvest Dates on Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco Leaves

In this study,the effects of nine different combinations of transplanting and harvest dates on yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves were investigated.The results showed that different combinations of transplanting and harvest dates had few effects on growth period and agronomic characters of tobacco plants but exerted remarkable effects on economic characters and chemical composition of flue-cured tobacco leaves.With the postponing of transplanting stage,output value of flue-cured tobacco leaves increased.Output value of flue-cured tobacco leaves in C1treatment（normal harvest） was higher than that in C2（harvest 7 d later） and C3（harvest 14 d later） treatments.Different combinations of transplanting and harvest dates had significant effects on chemical composition of flue-cured tobacco leaves,which exhibited no obvious law.Overall,flue-cured tobacco leaves in T3C1treatment（transplanting 14 d earlier,normal harvest） displayed excellent performance compared with other treatments.

广西引种菜用黄麻试验初报

通过对福建农林大学提供的15份菜用黄麻品系进行对比试验,从生长发育特性、鲜茎叶和种子产量以及鲜茎叶采收进程等方面进行研究,结果显示,14个参试品系鲜茎叶及种子的产量均高于对照品种MC2,鲜茎叶增产幅度在0.43%-26.07%,其中MC5(14013.25kg/hm2)比对照MC2增产26.07%,达极显著水平,MC7、MC10比对照增产12.37%、14.11%,品质优良,产量构成因素匹配较好,适合在广西推广种植;鲜茎叶采收重量呈现出低-高-高-低-高的趋势。

Effects of Different Harvesting Dates on Yield and Quality of Silage Maize

Using silage maize cuttivar Yuqingyu 3 as the experimental material, the effects of five different harvesting dates on yield and quality of silage maize were in- vestigated. The results showed that the harvesting date posed various effects on quality and yield of silage maize. With the postponement of harvesting date, silage maize exhibited continuously increasing dry weight and gradually declining fresh weight; in maize straws, ADF and NDF contents increased constantly, crude protein content and IVODM decreased gradually, crude fat content increased first and then declined; in maize kernels, crude protein and lysine contents decreased continuously, crude starch content increased gradually, crude fat content increased first and then reduced. In conclusion, silage maize should be harvested at 27-34 d after pollination.