Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae is an important pathogen causing Mycoplasmal pneumonia of swine, which generally causes secondary infections and mixed infections, thus seriously threats the development of swine industry and ...Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae is an important pathogen causing Mycoplasmal pneumonia of swine, which generally causes secondary infections and mixed infections, thus seriously threats the development of swine industry and resulting in huge economic losses. Using PCR technology has very important significance to the correct diagnosis of Mycoplasmal pneumonia at the early stage. In this paper, specific target genes of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, methods for clinical sample collection, key technical factors of DNA sample processing method, and the research progress, main advantages and disadvantages, and application of general PCR technology, multiple PCR technology, nested-PCR technology, real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR technology, gene chip detection technology and loop-mediated isothermal amplification in detection of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae were summarized, which provided convenience for the effective diagnosis and prevention of Mycoplasmal pneumonia of swine.展开更多
[Objective] The research aimed to provide the genetic basis for the protection, development and utilization of Guizhou local pig breeds. [Method] From 27 pairs of porcine microsatellite primers recommended by Food and...[Objective] The research aimed to provide the genetic basis for the protection, development and utilization of Guizhou local pig breeds. [Method] From 27 pairs of porcine microsatellite primers recommended by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations （FAO） and international Society for Animal Genetics （ISAG）, six pairs （S0155, SW240, IGF1, SW951, SW857, SW24） were selected for microsatellite DNA detection of three Guizhou local pig breeds, including Nuogu Pig, Kele Pig and Guanling Pig. Subsequently, their genetic diversities were analyzed. [ Result] The three pig breeds were high polymorphic at the six microsatellite loci （PIC 〉0.5）. The Nei＇s standard genetic distance of them was 0.206 3 -0.481 5. The genetic distance between Nuogu Pig and Kele Pig Was the closest, and that between Nuogu Pig and Guanling Pig was the furthest. [ Conclusion] The three Guizhou local pig breeds are in high genetic diversities. Nuogu Pig is a special type of Kele Pig, an excellent Chinese local pig breed.展开更多
The trophic ecology of the small yellow croaker （Larimichthys polyactis） was studied using stable isotope analyses. Samples were collected from July to September 2009 and 34 individuals from eight sites were examine...The trophic ecology of the small yellow croaker （Larimichthys polyactis） was studied using stable isotope analyses. Samples were collected from July to September 2009 and 34 individuals from eight sites were examined for stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes. Stable carbon isotope ratios （~3C） ranged from -20.67 to -15.43, while stable nitrogen isotope ratios （~SN） ranged 9.18-12.23. The relationship between fi^3C and ~SN suggested high resource partitioning in the sampling area. Significant differences in stable isotope values among the eight sampling sites may be linked to environmental diversities involving various physical processes （such as ocean current, wind and tide） and different carbon sources. Furthermore, the stable isotope ratios may also explain the ontogenetic variability in diet and feeding, because δ13C and δ15N varied significantly with increasing body size. The findings are consistent with other studies on diet analyses in small yellow croaker. It was also demonstrated that stable isotope analysis could be used to estimate the trophic characters of small yellow croaker in feeding patterns and migrating habits.展开更多
The purpose of this study was to determine the occurrence and antimicrobial resistance of Streptococcus spp. isolated from fresh ewe＇s milk and consequently to draw conclusions concerning the health condition of the ...The purpose of this study was to determine the occurrence and antimicrobial resistance of Streptococcus spp. isolated from fresh ewe＇s milk and consequently to draw conclusions concerning the health condition of the animal flocks and the current trends of antibiotic use in small ruminants. A total of 77 mountainous sheepfolds were investigated representing 10% of all transhumant sheep and goats flocks in the area. Duplicate milk samples were collected from January to February transferred to the laboratory and analyzed for the presence of Streptococcus spp. by using the serial dilution method and plating on the surface of Slanetz and Bartley agar. The isolates were tested against nine antimicrobial agents with the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. The results showed that Streptococcus spp. occurred in 84.4% of the samples and in counts ranged between 1.8 log CFU/mL and 4.6 log CFU/mL. Concerning susceptibility, only 1.3% of the isolates were resistant to all antimicrobials while 27.3% were fully susceptible. Resistance to cefepime was the most common （93.1%） observation followed by resistance to ampicillin （82.1%）, ciprofloxacine （58.3%） and meropenem （51.9%）. The isolates were vancomycin susceptible at a rate of 83.6%. Multidrug resistance to at least three antibiotics was observed to be 22.1% of Streptococcus spp.. Given the prevalence of Streptococcus spp. and the elevated resistance of isolates to various antibiotics it is concluded that further examinations and even interventions are required in order to pertain the appropriate animal health and milk quality.展开更多
Emissions of gases from industrial activities and even from agriculture activities and from soil as releasing of nitrogen from soils to atmosphere have been increasing steadily therefore, acid rain is the concern thro...Emissions of gases from industrial activities and even from agriculture activities and from soil as releasing of nitrogen from soils to atmosphere have been increasing steadily therefore, acid rain is the concern throughout the world. The hill field at the UCD research farm was chosen as the representative of good versatile, on which moderate to intensive farming is practised in the drier rainfall areas of Ireland. Nutrient contents in rainfall water samples were measurable, although the site of rainfall sample collection is located in the east of the country far away from the Atlantic Ocean. TDP （total dissolve phosphorus） concentrations in rainwater samples were very low. While DRP （dissolve reactive phosphorus） is the main component in some samples, the DUP （dissolve unreactive phosphorus） is dominant in others. DRP values accounted for less than 50% of dissolved phosphorus in rainfall. Sodium （Na） and Chloride （CI） ions had the highest concentration value, because most of Irish rain originates from the Atlantic Ocean. Nitrate （NO3） had the highest value 15.2 lag.mLl but it associated only with mineral fertiliser spreading time.展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31100135)Agricultural Independent Innovation Fund of Jiangsu Province[CX(11)4038]~~
文摘Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae is an important pathogen causing Mycoplasmal pneumonia of swine, which generally causes secondary infections and mixed infections, thus seriously threats the development of swine industry and resulting in huge economic losses. Using PCR technology has very important significance to the correct diagnosis of Mycoplasmal pneumonia at the early stage. In this paper, specific target genes of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, methods for clinical sample collection, key technical factors of DNA sample processing method, and the research progress, main advantages and disadvantages, and application of general PCR technology, multiple PCR technology, nested-PCR technology, real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR technology, gene chip detection technology and loop-mediated isothermal amplification in detection of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae were summarized, which provided convenience for the effective diagnosis and prevention of Mycoplasmal pneumonia of swine.
基金Supported by Key Project of Agriculture in Guizhou Province (NY[2008]3042)~~
文摘[Objective] The research aimed to provide the genetic basis for the protection, development and utilization of Guizhou local pig breeds. [Method] From 27 pairs of porcine microsatellite primers recommended by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations （FAO） and international Society for Animal Genetics （ISAG）, six pairs （S0155, SW240, IGF1, SW951, SW857, SW24） were selected for microsatellite DNA detection of three Guizhou local pig breeds, including Nuogu Pig, Kele Pig and Guanling Pig. Subsequently, their genetic diversities were analyzed. [ Result] The three pig breeds were high polymorphic at the six microsatellite loci （PIC 〉0.5）. The Nei＇s standard genetic distance of them was 0.206 3 -0.481 5. The genetic distance between Nuogu Pig and Kele Pig Was the closest, and that between Nuogu Pig and Guanling Pig was the furthest. [ Conclusion] The three Guizhou local pig breeds are in high genetic diversities. Nuogu Pig is a special type of Kele Pig, an excellent Chinese local pig breed.
基金Supported by the Special Research Fund for the National Non-profit in East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute (No. 2009M01)
文摘The trophic ecology of the small yellow croaker （Larimichthys polyactis） was studied using stable isotope analyses. Samples were collected from July to September 2009 and 34 individuals from eight sites were examined for stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes. Stable carbon isotope ratios （~3C） ranged from -20.67 to -15.43, while stable nitrogen isotope ratios （~SN） ranged 9.18-12.23. The relationship between fi^3C and ~SN suggested high resource partitioning in the sampling area. Significant differences in stable isotope values among the eight sampling sites may be linked to environmental diversities involving various physical processes （such as ocean current, wind and tide） and different carbon sources. Furthermore, the stable isotope ratios may also explain the ontogenetic variability in diet and feeding, because δ13C and δ15N varied significantly with increasing body size. The findings are consistent with other studies on diet analyses in small yellow croaker. It was also demonstrated that stable isotope analysis could be used to estimate the trophic characters of small yellow croaker in feeding patterns and migrating habits.
文摘The purpose of this study was to determine the occurrence and antimicrobial resistance of Streptococcus spp. isolated from fresh ewe＇s milk and consequently to draw conclusions concerning the health condition of the animal flocks and the current trends of antibiotic use in small ruminants. A total of 77 mountainous sheepfolds were investigated representing 10% of all transhumant sheep and goats flocks in the area. Duplicate milk samples were collected from January to February transferred to the laboratory and analyzed for the presence of Streptococcus spp. by using the serial dilution method and plating on the surface of Slanetz and Bartley agar. The isolates were tested against nine antimicrobial agents with the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. The results showed that Streptococcus spp. occurred in 84.4% of the samples and in counts ranged between 1.8 log CFU/mL and 4.6 log CFU/mL. Concerning susceptibility, only 1.3% of the isolates were resistant to all antimicrobials while 27.3% were fully susceptible. Resistance to cefepime was the most common （93.1%） observation followed by resistance to ampicillin （82.1%）, ciprofloxacine （58.3%） and meropenem （51.9%）. The isolates were vancomycin susceptible at a rate of 83.6%. Multidrug resistance to at least three antibiotics was observed to be 22.1% of Streptococcus spp.. Given the prevalence of Streptococcus spp. and the elevated resistance of isolates to various antibiotics it is concluded that further examinations and even interventions are required in order to pertain the appropriate animal health and milk quality.
文摘Emissions of gases from industrial activities and even from agriculture activities and from soil as releasing of nitrogen from soils to atmosphere have been increasing steadily therefore, acid rain is the concern throughout the world. The hill field at the UCD research farm was chosen as the representative of good versatile, on which moderate to intensive farming is practised in the drier rainfall areas of Ireland. Nutrient contents in rainfall water samples were measurable, although the site of rainfall sample collection is located in the east of the country far away from the Atlantic Ocean. TDP （total dissolve phosphorus） concentrations in rainwater samples were very low. While DRP （dissolve reactive phosphorus） is the main component in some samples, the DUP （dissolve unreactive phosphorus） is dominant in others. DRP values accounted for less than 50% of dissolved phosphorus in rainfall. Sodium （Na） and Chloride （CI） ions had the highest concentration value, because most of Irish rain originates from the Atlantic Ocean. Nitrate （NO3） had the highest value 15.2 lag.mLl but it associated only with mineral fertiliser spreading time.
