双倍数据速率(DDR,Double Data Rate)DRAM由于其速度快、容量大,而且价格便宜,因此在各种需求大量数据缓存的场合得到了广泛使用。目前芯片上内嵌的DDRD RAM接口已经成为标准接口,这就需要对其本身进行测试。由于每个芯片速度特性的不同...双倍数据速率(DDR,Double Data Rate)DRAM由于其速度快、容量大,而且价格便宜,因此在各种需求大量数据缓存的场合得到了广泛使用。目前芯片上内嵌的DDRD RAM接口已经成为标准接口,这就需要对其本身进行测试。由于每个芯片速度特性的不同,使得DDRD RAM接口时间特性也不一样,用相同的测试程序覆盖速度不同的芯片,会造成测试覆盖率的不同。本文在DQS上升沿转换点的搜索定位基础上,通过对DQS、DQ时间采样点赋值的方法,有效地解决了因芯片速度特性不同而引起的测试覆盖率问题。该方法经过批量生产的验证,可以提高约30%的测试良率。展开更多
Orbit fitting is used in many GPS applications. For example, in Precise Point Positioning (PPP), GPS orbits (SP3 orbits) are normally retrieved either from IGS or from one of its Analysis Centers (ACs) with 15 minutes...Orbit fitting is used in many GPS applications. For example, in Precise Point Positioning (PPP), GPS orbits (SP3 orbits) are normally retrieved either from IGS or from one of its Analysis Centers (ACs) with 15 minutes’ sampling, which is much bigger than the normal observation sampling. Therefore, algorithms should be derived to fit GPS orbits to the observation time. Many methods based on interpolation were developed. Using these methods the orbits fit well at the sampling points. However, these methods ignore the physical motion model of GPS satellites. Therefore, the trajectories may not fit the true orbits at the periods in between 2 sampling epochs. To solve this problem, we develop a dynamic approach, in which a model based on Helmert transformation is developed in GPS orbit fitting. In this orbit fitting approach, GPS orbits at sampling points are treated as pseudo-observations. Thereafter, Helmert transformation is built up between the pseudo-observations and dynamically integrated orbits at each epoch. A set of Helmert parameters together with corrections of GPS initial orbits are then modeled as unknown parameters. Results show that the final fit orbits have the same precision as the IGS final orbits.展开更多
文摘双倍数据速率(DDR,Double Data Rate)DRAM由于其速度快、容量大,而且价格便宜,因此在各种需求大量数据缓存的场合得到了广泛使用。目前芯片上内嵌的DDRD RAM接口已经成为标准接口,这就需要对其本身进行测试。由于每个芯片速度特性的不同,使得DDRD RAM接口时间特性也不一样,用相同的测试程序覆盖速度不同的芯片,会造成测试覆盖率的不同。本文在DQS上升沿转换点的搜索定位基础上,通过对DQS、DQ时间采样点赋值的方法,有效地解决了因芯片速度特性不同而引起的测试覆盖率问题。该方法经过批量生产的验证,可以提高约30%的测试良率。
文摘Orbit fitting is used in many GPS applications. For example, in Precise Point Positioning (PPP), GPS orbits (SP3 orbits) are normally retrieved either from IGS or from one of its Analysis Centers (ACs) with 15 minutes’ sampling, which is much bigger than the normal observation sampling. Therefore, algorithms should be derived to fit GPS orbits to the observation time. Many methods based on interpolation were developed. Using these methods the orbits fit well at the sampling points. However, these methods ignore the physical motion model of GPS satellites. Therefore, the trajectories may not fit the true orbits at the periods in between 2 sampling epochs. To solve this problem, we develop a dynamic approach, in which a model based on Helmert transformation is developed in GPS orbit fitting. In this orbit fitting approach, GPS orbits at sampling points are treated as pseudo-observations. Thereafter, Helmert transformation is built up between the pseudo-observations and dynamically integrated orbits at each epoch. A set of Helmert parameters together with corrections of GPS initial orbits are then modeled as unknown parameters. Results show that the final fit orbits have the same precision as the IGS final orbits.
