A total of 24 soil samples were collected from areas around Artisanal Gold and associated Pb-Zn-Cu sulfide mining and mineral processing sites in the Anka mining district of Zamfara State, NW Nigeria. The samples were...A total of 24 soil samples were collected from areas around Artisanal Gold and associated Pb-Zn-Cu sulfide mining and mineral processing sites in the Anka mining district of Zamfara State, NW Nigeria. The samples were geochemically analyzed with the main objective of assessing the degree of Pb and Hg pollution in the environment resulting from the mining and mineral ore processing activities in the mining district and to consider the effect on human health. The assessment of the degree of pollution or toxicity was based on the Igeo （index of geoaccummulation） and EF （enrichment factor） where the former gives a quantitative pollution class with respect to the quality of the medium analyzed, while the latter differentiates between metals originating from anthropogenic activities and those from natural processes. The geochemical results show that the concentrations of Pb and Hg especially at the mineral processing sites significantly exceed the established thresholds （4,152 ppm and 12.92 ppm respectively）. The calculated EF values for both Pb and Hg revealed that the soils from the entire mining district are extremely enriched in these elements, essentially originating from the anthropogenic activities （EF= 〉〉 40）. Lead and Mercury are toxic heavy metals with documented long-lasting adverse human health effects. These calls for efficient bioremediation measures for the removal of Pb and Hg from the contaminated soils that take into account the geochemical peculiarities of the mining district.展开更多
Clinicians involved in HIV/AIDS （Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome） prevention of mother to child transmission （PMTCT） programme and research activities can benefit from the advantag...Clinicians involved in HIV/AIDS （Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome） prevention of mother to child transmission （PMTCT） programme and research activities can benefit from the advantages that computerized systems add to medical practice even in resource constrained sub-Saharan clinic settings. Their continued use of paper based systems presents clinical data management and patient care challenges. A portable point of care data capture electronic system and a computerized clinic patient management system （CCPMS） were implemented to remedy these challenges. PMTCT report compilation was easier with the portable data collection system whose data were found to be more complete and accurate with a 0.83% error rate compared to a 4.1% error rate in the paper registers. A resounding majority of clinicians preferred using the new CCPMS with many of the view that it improved drug inventory and general clinic management with a positive effect on patient care.展开更多
文摘A total of 24 soil samples were collected from areas around Artisanal Gold and associated Pb-Zn-Cu sulfide mining and mineral processing sites in the Anka mining district of Zamfara State, NW Nigeria. The samples were geochemically analyzed with the main objective of assessing the degree of Pb and Hg pollution in the environment resulting from the mining and mineral ore processing activities in the mining district and to consider the effect on human health. The assessment of the degree of pollution or toxicity was based on the Igeo （index of geoaccummulation） and EF （enrichment factor） where the former gives a quantitative pollution class with respect to the quality of the medium analyzed, while the latter differentiates between metals originating from anthropogenic activities and those from natural processes. The geochemical results show that the concentrations of Pb and Hg especially at the mineral processing sites significantly exceed the established thresholds （4,152 ppm and 12.92 ppm respectively）. The calculated EF values for both Pb and Hg revealed that the soils from the entire mining district are extremely enriched in these elements, essentially originating from the anthropogenic activities （EF= 〉〉 40）. Lead and Mercury are toxic heavy metals with documented long-lasting adverse human health effects. These calls for efficient bioremediation measures for the removal of Pb and Hg from the contaminated soils that take into account the geochemical peculiarities of the mining district.
文摘Clinicians involved in HIV/AIDS （Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome） prevention of mother to child transmission （PMTCT） programme and research activities can benefit from the advantages that computerized systems add to medical practice even in resource constrained sub-Saharan clinic settings. Their continued use of paper based systems presents clinical data management and patient care challenges. A portable point of care data capture electronic system and a computerized clinic patient management system （CCPMS） were implemented to remedy these challenges. PMTCT report compilation was easier with the portable data collection system whose data were found to be more complete and accurate with a 0.83% error rate compared to a 4.1% error rate in the paper registers. A resounding majority of clinicians preferred using the new CCPMS with many of the view that it improved drug inventory and general clinic management with a positive effect on patient care.
