采矿质量控制过程方法的探讨与应用

随着工业社会的生产与发展,对能源的消耗在逐渐加大。这就使得采矿企业不得不在提高矿石开采数量的同时,保证矿石的质量。面对这一难题,采矿企业选择使用过程方法来对采矿质量进行控制,并且效果显著。本文中,笔者将就过程方法如何控制矿石质量进行简要阐述。

班组工作效率优化——向采矿流程过程控制迈进

福尔肯布里奇 (Falconbridge)萨德伯里各厂矿正在努力降低生产成本 ,它在改进工作方法和绩效管理两方面有一套战略。在克莱格 (Craig)矿 ,正在使用一种INTEL L IMINEひ(智能矿山 )的模件采矿系统作为过程控制手段以帮助实时管理矿山生产。在其他较小的工作场所 ,已经引进了弗莱尔贝斯公司 (Flairbase)的班组工作效率优化和监督信息管理系统 ,用以帮助生产管理班组工作效率优化的重点是流程内各工序和整个工作循环时间 ,以保证生产过程在不断受到监控和前后照应情况下 ,将确定生产流程内一切工序的时间 ,并且归纳入矿工的班工时序列中。工作人员报告每项工序用了多长时间 ,如果时间比预计的长 ,他们将要报告工作拖延的原因。本文将说明使用此系统的好处 。

我国金属矿采矿技术主要成就与评价

系统和全面地介绍了 50年来我国金属矿山采矿技术在露天开采、井巷掘进、采矿方法、矿山充填、采矿装备和采矿环境控制等方面的主要成就 ,探讨了 2

急倾斜多层极薄矿体采矿方法研究

针对某铅锌银矿的急倾斜多层极薄矿体,提出用削壁渣水泥砂浆胶结充填采矿法对多层矿脉进行顺序回采。首先使用削壁充填采矿法回采下盘矿体,待下盘矿体每分层削壁充填束后,采用质量浓度为68%、灰砂比为1:4的水泥尾砂浆浇注削壁充填的松散体空隙,使松散体胶结为具有一定强度的胶结体。待下盘矿体全部回采结束,充填体胶结后,再以削壁充填法回采上盘矿体。该方法保留了削壁充填采矿法回采极薄矿体中废石混入率低、矿石回采率高的优势,从而解决了多层平行急倾斜极薄矿体采矿贫化率高、资源损失大的难题。在环保方面,既可消耗部分选矿尾砂,缓减尾矿库压力,又可治理采空区,降低矿山地表塌陷风险,提高了资源回采率,延长矿山服务年限。

煤矿Wi-Fi无线通信技术研究及应用

Wi-Fi技术具有覆盖性好、稳定的特点,在煤矿井下无线通信中具有比较明显的应用优势。本文对煤矿井下Wi-Fi无线通信技术的应用展开研究,分析无线通信技术的特点和需求,比较Wi-Fi技术和其他技术的特点,探讨Wi-Fi技术的应用思路和井下的无线网络设计方式,最后,结合实例,讨论具体的应用方法,希望通过研究可以解决煤矿井下Wi-Fi无线通信的应用需求,提升对煤矿安全、生产的管理水平。

New Respirable Dust Suppression Systems for Coal Mines

Dust suppression in coal mines is a worldwide problem which has not been solved effectively. The applica-tion of negative pressure secondary dust removal (NPSDR) is a breakthrough in the coal mine safety field. In this paper,NPSDR technology and ultrasonic dust suppression systems are introduced. High pressure water is supplied to the NPSDR device which is mounted on the shearer. A negative pressure field is formed in the device. At the same time,the dusty air around the shearer drum will be sucked into,and purged from,the NPSDR device by the negative pressure field. An ultrasonic dust suppression system uses water and compressed air to produce micron sized droplets which suppress respirable coal dust effectively. The NPSDR technology can be used for shearer dust suppression while ultra-sonic dust suppression can be applied in areas such as the transportation positions. These dust suppression methods have the following advantages: high efficiency,wide applicability,simple structure,high reliability and low cost.

Topical areas of research needs in ground control – A state of the art review on coal mine ground control

Ground control is one of the four subsystems of underground mining. It covers not only roof control, but also rib control, floor control, pillar design, shield design, overburden failures and subsidence. In the past three decades, ground control has made a tremendous advancement and many case studies have demonstrated its important role in the daily mining operations. However, there are plenty of room for improvements. This paper discusses the research needs in 12 subject areas including research approach, rock property, geology, computer modeling, in-situ stresses, roof bolting, coal pillars, field instrumentation,failures, surface subsidence, shield supports and coal bumps.

Strength and deformation behaviors of bedded rock mass under bolt reinforcement

The mechanism of bolt support is an important topic in mining engineering and slope treatment. The artificial material and loading system were self-developed to study the influence of bedding cohesion and bolt number on the anchoring behavior of bedded rock mass. The results show that, both peak strength and elasticity modulus increase gradually with the increase of bedding cohesion and bolt number. The axial stress–strain curve of bedded rock mass under the reinforcement of bolts presents the features of strain-softening and secondary strengthening. Finally, anchoring behavior of bedded rock mass with different bolt numbers was simulated by using FLAC3 D numerical program and the results were compared with the experimental results. This study can provide certain bases to the stability control and support design of bedded rock mass in roadway.

Developing selective mining capability for longwall shearers using thermal infrared-based seam tracking

Longwall mining continues to remain the most efficient method for underground coal recovery. A key aspect in achieving safe and productive longwall mining is to ensure that the shearer is always correctly positioned within the coal seam. At present, this machine positioning task is the role of longwall personnel who must simultaneously monitor the longwall coal face and the shearer's cutting drum position to infer the geological trends of the coal seam. This is a labour intensive task which has negative impacts on the consistency and quality of coal production. As a solution to this problem, this paper presents a sensing method to automatically track geological coal seam features on the longwall face, known as marker bands, using thermal infrared imaging. These non-visible marker bands are geological features that link strongly to the horizontal trends present in layered coal seams. Tracking these line-like features allows the generation of a vertical datum that can be used to maintain the shearer in a position for optimal coal extraction. Details on the theory of thermal infrared imaging are given, as well as practical aspects associated with machine-based implementation underground. The feature detection and tracking tasks are given with real measurements to demonstrate the efficacy of the approach. The outcome is important as it represents a new selective mining capability to help address a long-standing limitation in longwall mining operations.

Optimal control of cobalt crust seabedmining parameters based on simulated annealing genetic algorithm

Under the condition of the designated collection ratio and the interfused ratio of mullock, to ensure the least energy consumption, the parameters of collecting head （the feed speed, the axes height of collecting head, and the rotate speed） are chosen as the optimized parameters. According to the force on the cutting pick, the collecting size of the cobalt crust and bedrock and the optimized energy consumption of the collecting head, the optimized design model of collecting head is built. Taking two hundred groups seabed microtopography for grand in the range of depth displacement from 4.5 to 5.5 era, then making use of the improved simulated annealing genetic algorithm （SAGA）, the corresponding optimized result can be obtained. At the same time, in order to speed up the controlling of collecting head, the optimization results are analyzed using the regression analysis method, and the conclusion of the second parameter of the seabed microtopography is drawn.

The control of coal mine gas and coordinated exploitation of coal bed methane in China

Based on the characteristics of the coalfield geology and the distribution of coalbed methane (CBM) in China,the geological conditions for exploiting the CBM and drainingthe coal mine gas were analyzed,as well as the characteristics of CBM production.Bycomparing the current situation of CBM exploitation in China with that in the United States,the current technology and characteristics of the CBM exploitation in China were summarizedand the major technical problems of coal mine gas control and CBM exploitationanalyzed.It was emphasized that the CBM exploitation in China should adopt the coalmine gas drainage method coordinated with coal mine exploitation as the main model.Itwas proposed that coal mine gas control should be coordinated with coal mine gas exploitation.The technical countermeasure should be integrating the exploitation of coal andCBM and draining gas before coal mining.

Distinct element modelling of fracture plan control in continuum and jointed rock mass in presplitting method of surface mining

Controlled blasting techniques are used to control overbreak and to aid in the stability of the remaining rock formation. Presplitting is one of the most common methods which is used in many open pit mining and surface blast design. The purpose of presplitting is to form a fracture plane across which the radial cracks from the production blast cannot travel. The purpose of this study is to investigate of effect of presplitting on the generation of a smooth wall in continuum and jointed rock mass. The 2D distinct element code was used to simulate the presplitting in a rock slope. The blast load history as a function of time was applied to the inner wall of each blasthole. Important parameters that were considered in the analysis were stress tensor and fracturing pattern. The blast loading magnitude and blasthole spacing and jointing pattern were found to be very significant in the final results.

Challenges and new insights for exploitation of deep underground metal mineral resources

Long-term and continuous large-scale exploitation has increasingly exhausted shallow metal mineral resources,and deep mining has become inevitable.The current global status of deep mining of metal mineral resources was presented,a series of engineering challenges faced by deep mining were systematically analyzed,and some progress and future innovation focus in key engineering technologies,such as the prediction and prevention of rockburst,cooling techniques,rock support techniques,deep hoisting techniques,and several nontraditional deep mining techniques,were highlighted.Meanwhile,new insights into development strategies of deep mining technology were proposed.The integration of these forward-looking key innovative technologies will form the overall framework of an innovative technology system for the deep mining of metal minerals.This technology system will help to achieve safe,efficient,and green exploitation of deep underground metal mineral resources and ensure the sustainable development of the metal mining industry.

Mathematical model of electric hydraulic and powered support control system at a plough mining face

Given the actual working of a fully mechanized plough at a mining face, we have proposed a formula for running constraints between powered supports and a coal plough under assumed geological conditions of the coal face and, on this basis, established an automatic control model of powered supports for the coal plough face. We introduced the working principle of the powered support control system of the plough at the mining face. We established three advanced characteristics of this control system： response speed, reliability and easy maintenance of the system. As well, we briefly introduced, the principal function of primary and subordinate controllers and the realization of the communication system by a Single Bus. Ten controllers were constructed and tested in our laboratorium. The results show that the control model is practical and meets actual conditions. It provides a theoretical basis for designing a comouter control system for a oowered support system of a plough at a mining face.

矿井通风系统安全辅助软件设计及其应用

在设计、改造和评价矿井通风系统过程中,需要考虑多种因素,且这些因素对通风系统的影响所占的比重不一,加大了决策的难度。在对前人研究成果归纳总结的基础上,综合考虑矿井通风系统可靠性分配、矿井通风系统改造优化方案优选、矿井通风系统可靠性评价和通风系统潜在事故危险预警等多个关键技术,提出了一套系统的决策方法,并将其与计算机技术相结合,开发设计一个用于指导煤矿现场安全生产的辅助软件。该通风系统辅助软件已经成功地应用于多种情况下通风系统的设计和评估。

Mining a coal seam below a heating goaf with a force auxiliary ventilation system at Longhua underground coal mine, China

Extraction of a coal seam which lies not far below a heating goafcan be a major safety challenge. A force auxiliary ventilation system was adopted as a control method in successful extraction and recovery of the panel 30110 of the #3-1 coal seam, which is about 30-40 rn below the heating goaf of the #2-2 seam at Longhua underground coal mine, Shanxi Province, China. Booster fans and ventilation control devices such as doors and regulators were used in the system. The results show that, provided that a force auxiliary ventilation system is properly designed to achieve a pressure balance between a panel and its overlying goat＇, the system can be used to extract a coal seam overlain by a heating goal. This paper describes the design, installation and performance of the ventilation system during the extraction and recovery phases of the oanel 30110.

Rock mechanical investigation of strata loading characteristics to assess caving and requirement of support resistance in a mechanized powered support longwall face

Longwall mining is one of the most acclaimed and widely used in underground method for coal extraction. The interaction of powered supports with the roof is the key issue in strata mechanics of longwall mining. Controlled caving of rock mass is a prerequisite pro thriving exploitation of coal deposits by longwall retreat with caving technique and support resistance has evolved as the most promising and effective scientific tool to predict various aspects related to strata mechanics of such workings. Load density,height of caving block, distance of fractured zone ahead of the face, overhang of goaf and mechanical strength of the debris above and below the support base have been found to influence the magnitude of load on supports. Designing powered support has been attempted at the different countries in different methods. This paper reviews the mechanism of roof caving and the conventional approaches of caving behaviour and support resistance requirement in the context of major strata control experiences gained worldwide. The theoretical explanation of the mechanism of roof caving is still continuing with consistently improved understanding through growing field experiences in the larger domain of geo-mining conditions and state-of-art strata mechanics analysis and monitoring techniques.

The safety parameters monitoring system for the coal mine based on CAN bus communication and intelligent data acquisition

In this paper,a monitoring and controlling system for the safety in production and environmental parameters of a small and medium-sized coal mine has been developed after analyzing the current domestic coal production and security conditions. The client computer can convert the analog signal about the safety in production and environmental parameters detected from the monitoring terminal into digital signal,and then,send the signal to the coal mine safety monitoring centre. This information can be analyzed,judged,and diagnosed by the monitoring-management-controlling software for helping the manager and technical workers to control the actual underground production and security situations. The system has many advantages including high reliability,better performance of real-time monitoring,faster data communicating and good practicability,and it can effectively prevent the occurrence of safety incidents in coal mines.

Mining cost analysis and cost control based on the sensitivity factor analysis

This paper systematically generalizes relevant theories and methods regarding mining cost control and constitutes the model for the mining cost analysis. It also comes up with the sensitivity factor analysis to conduct mining cost control. The theories and methods have been experimented with Jiangsu Chuanshan Mining Joint-Stock Company Ltd. Case studies have been undertaken on mining cost of the company and the most sensitive factor which affects mining cost has been found accordingly. Finally the paper concludes that the focus concerning the cost control of the company should be directed at output and material costs.

DISPATCHING REAL-TIME MODEL OF COMPUTER-CONTROLLED TRUCK

In order to recover ore as much as possible, a computer-controlled truck real-time dispatching model is conducted under the conditions of Qidashan lron Mine. It can not only acquire the optimization of shovel and truck operation, but also satisfy requirements of blending ores.The simulation results indicate the effectiveness of the model developed.