Taking Malus pumila Mill, Cv. ‘Jinguan＇ as test matedal, the storage quality of the apples under the different storage conditions of plastic membrane atmosphere storage （MAP）, fruit wax coating, chitosan treatment...Taking Malus pumila Mill, Cv. ‘Jinguan＇ as test matedal, the storage quality of the apples under the different storage conditions of plastic membrane atmosphere storage （MAP）, fruit wax coating, chitosan treatment with different calcium fertilizers were studied. The results showed that different storage modes inhibited the fruit rotting and weight loss, delayed the decrease of fruit hardness and titratable acid content, reduced the soluble solid content, inhibited the degradation of vitamin C. The suitable treatment had good effect on preservation of apple fruits, in which 1% chitosan treatment had the best effect.展开更多
Sweet cherries ( Prunus avium L. cv. Napoleon) were stored in controlled atmospheres (CA) of high O(2) (70% O(2) + 0% CO(2)) or high CO(2) (5% O(2) + 10% CO(2)), in modified atmosphere package (MAP, (13% - 18%) O(2) +...Sweet cherries ( Prunus avium L. cv. Napoleon) were stored in controlled atmospheres (CA) of high O(2) (70% O(2) + 0% CO(2)) or high CO(2) (5% O(2) + 10% CO(2)), in modified atmosphere package (MAP, (13% - 18%) O(2) + (2% -4%) CO(2)) and in air (control) at 1 degreesC to investigate the effects of different O(2) and CO(2) concentrations on physiological properties, quality and storability of the fruits during storage. The results indicated that compared with other treatments, CA with high O(2) concentration decreased fruit decay and ethanol content, but increased the accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) and stimulated browning. CA with high CO(2) concentration inhibited polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity, reduced MDA content, maintained vitamin C content and firmness, decreased fruit decay and browning. Soluble solids contents (SSC) were not significantly affected by different atmosphere treatments. 'Napoleon' fruits stored in 5% O(2) + 10% CO(2) for as long as 80 d were of good quality, but only 40, 20 and 30 d stored in MAP, 70% O(2) + 0% CO(2) and air, re-spectively.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to study the effects of different picking time and storage environment on fruit quality of a pear cultivar Xinlin No.7 and the relationship between storage environment and fruit quality, s...[Objective] This study aimed to study the effects of different picking time and storage environment on fruit quality of a pear cultivar Xinlin No.7 and the relationship between storage environment and fruit quality, so as to provide a theoretical basis for storage and preservation of Xinli No.7. [Method] The fruits of Xinli NO.7 were picked up in August （optimal） and September respectively and then stored in room, cellar and freezer, respectively. The dynamics in temperature, humidity, CO2 concentration, fruit weight loss rate, pericarp chlorophyll content and fruit interior quality were determined. [Result] The environment differed significantly among different storage methods. In room and cellar, the temperature showed a downward trend, and the humidity decreased after early-mid October. The CO2 concentration changed steadily, and increased rapidly in cellar after December. In freezer, the temperature and humidity changed steadily, and the CO2 concentration increased after October. The changes in quality of the fruits harvested in August and September were similar. There was a certain correlation between storage environment and fruit quality of Xinli No.7. In room and cellar, the variation trends of tem- perature and humidity were consistent with those of chlorophyll content, fruit hardness and titratable acid content with positive correlations, but were opposite from those of fruit weight loss rate, soluble solids content and soluble sugar content with negative correlations. In freezer, the CO2 concentration was closely related to the changes in fruit quality. Its variation trend was consistent with those of fruit weight loss rate and soluble solids content, but was opposite from those of pericarp chlorophyll content, fruit firmness, soluble sugar content and titratable acid content. The differences in some of the traits reached significant levels （P〈0.05, P〈0.01）. [Conclusion] With the extension of storage time, the temperature, humidity and CO2 concentration changed according to different patterns among different storage methods. The changes in fruit quality of Xinli NO.7 were related to the storage environment, especially to the temperature, to a certain extent.展开更多
Using silage maize cuttivar Yuqingyu 3 as the experimental material, the effects of five different harvesting dates on yield and quality of silage maize were in- vestigated. The results showed that the harvesting date...Using silage maize cuttivar Yuqingyu 3 as the experimental material, the effects of five different harvesting dates on yield and quality of silage maize were in- vestigated. The results showed that the harvesting date posed various effects on quality and yield of silage maize. With the postponement of harvesting date, silage maize exhibited continuously increasing dry weight and gradually declining fresh weight; in maize straws, ADF and NDF contents increased constantly, crude protein content and IVODM decreased gradually, crude fat content increased first and then declined; in maize kernels, crude protein and lysine contents decreased continuously, crude starch content increased gradually, crude fat content increased first and then reduced. In conclusion, silage maize should be harvested at 27-34 d after pollination.展开更多
Animal nutrition is one of the most important limiting factors in animal production, especially in ruminants, providing proteins being the main constraint, due to the limited availability and high cost of protein sour...Animal nutrition is one of the most important limiting factors in animal production, especially in ruminants, providing proteins being the main constraint, due to the limited availability and high cost of protein sources （oilseed meals）. Currently in the dam ＂El lnfiernillo＂ in Michoacan Mexico, has a large population of devil fish （Pterygoplichthys spp.）, which is an economic and ecological problem, because it is not consumed by humans and causes pollution to be discarded directly into the environment. For that reason the objective of this study was to evaluate the use of silage acid devil fish （SADF） in fattening beef cattle as a protein supplement. SADF is defined as a product semi-liquid or pasty mixed with formic acid, which leads to a decrease in pH to near 4.0. Used 18 young bulls （Bos taurus × Bos indicus） for 60 days with a starting weight of 278.9 ± 51.2 kg, housed in individual pens with food and water ad libitum were randomly assigned to three treatments with different levels of inclusion SADF （0%, 12% and 18%）. They were weighed to the beginning of the experiment and later every 30 days, previous fasting of 24 hours. To determine the food consumption, weigh every day the offered food and the surplus. There were no significant differences （P 〈 0.05） among treatments with different levels of inclusion of SADF with respect to daily weight gain, with values of 952 ± 324, 927 ±322 and 854 ± 307 g/day, respectively. The dry matter intake （DMI） was 8.9, 9.3 and 7.7 kg/day to 0%, 12% and 18% of SADF, respectively. In the same values for feed conversion were 9.34, 10.03 and 9.01 kg DMI/kg of weigh live, and carcass yield of 60.6%, 60.3% and 58.5%, respectively. It is concluded that fish silage acid devil is an excellent alternative in feeding beef cattle as a protein supplement.展开更多
Covering the grapevine rows to delay maturity and thus the harvest date becomes a widespread practice at Sultana seedless vineyards. The research work was carried out with different covers to examine their effects on ...Covering the grapevine rows to delay maturity and thus the harvest date becomes a widespread practice at Sultana seedless vineyards. The research work was carried out with different covers to examine their effects on grape quality and storage life in 2009 and 2010. Grapevines were covered with three different densities （shading ratios： 35%, 55%, 75%） at the veraison period. Unshaded （0%） control grapevines and grapevines shaded under different ratios were covered with polypropylene cross-stitch just before harvest maturity. Grapes under cover were harvested nearly one month after than those maturing under open conditions. Grape clusters were packed in PE bags and pre-cooled after harvest and then SO2-generating pads has been put on top, bags were sealed. In the second year at the 120th day of the storage, decay development has been observed in all applications. Total soluble solids content, maturity index and a＊ colour value were found lower in 55% and 75% shaded grapes compared to unshaded grapevines. Still, berry removal force and hue angle value in 55% and 75% of shaded grapes were higher than unshaded grapes. Effects of shading ratios on these parameters decrease or disappear at the end of storage.展开更多
An experiment retail film packaging system was used to compare the atmospheric composition within sealed packs containing barangan banana fruits. This research was done in order to study the effect of packaging films ...An experiment retail film packaging system was used to compare the atmospheric composition within sealed packs containing barangan banana fruits. This research was done in order to study the effect of packaging films with different permeability properties on the physicochemicalproperties of barangan banana during storage at room temperature （28 ± 2 °C） and at 15 °C. The films used were 0.09 mm low density polyethylene （LDPE）, 0.04 mm polypropylene and 0.057 mm LDPE compared with unwrapped fruits as control. Barangan bananas were evaluated each 5 days intervals for changes in moisture content, total sugars, vitamin C, hardness and color. Unwrapped barangan bananas were overripe and soft after 15 days at both temperature conditions. Sealed packages especially using LDPE at 15 °C delayed the development of the yellow color of banana until 20 days of storage and had the lowest weight loss.展开更多
基金Supported by Youth Foundation of Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences(NKYQ-14-02)New Technology Introduction and Promotion Project of Ningxia Financial Forestry([2014]11)Special Fund of Apple System of Modern Agriculture Industry Technology System(CARS-28)~~
文摘Taking Malus pumila Mill, Cv. ‘Jinguan＇ as test matedal, the storage quality of the apples under the different storage conditions of plastic membrane atmosphere storage （MAP）, fruit wax coating, chitosan treatment with different calcium fertilizers were studied. The results showed that different storage modes inhibited the fruit rotting and weight loss, delayed the decrease of fruit hardness and titratable acid content, reduced the soluble solid content, inhibited the degradation of vitamin C. The suitable treatment had good effect on preservation of apple fruits, in which 1% chitosan treatment had the best effect.
文摘Sweet cherries ( Prunus avium L. cv. Napoleon) were stored in controlled atmospheres (CA) of high O(2) (70% O(2) + 0% CO(2)) or high CO(2) (5% O(2) + 10% CO(2)), in modified atmosphere package (MAP, (13% - 18%) O(2) + (2% -4%) CO(2)) and in air (control) at 1 degreesC to investigate the effects of different O(2) and CO(2) concentrations on physiological properties, quality and storability of the fruits during storage. The results indicated that compared with other treatments, CA with high O(2) concentration decreased fruit decay and ethanol content, but increased the accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) and stimulated browning. CA with high CO(2) concentration inhibited polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity, reduced MDA content, maintained vitamin C content and firmness, decreased fruit decay and browning. Soluble solids contents (SSC) were not significantly affected by different atmosphere treatments. 'Napoleon' fruits stored in 5% O(2) + 10% CO(2) for as long as 80 d were of good quality, but only 40, 20 and 30 d stored in MAP, 70% O(2) + 0% CO(2) and air, re-spectively.
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to study the effects of different picking time and storage environment on fruit quality of a pear cultivar Xinlin No.7 and the relationship between storage environment and fruit quality, so as to provide a theoretical basis for storage and preservation of Xinli No.7. [Method] The fruits of Xinli NO.7 were picked up in August （optimal） and September respectively and then stored in room, cellar and freezer, respectively. The dynamics in temperature, humidity, CO2 concentration, fruit weight loss rate, pericarp chlorophyll content and fruit interior quality were determined. [Result] The environment differed significantly among different storage methods. In room and cellar, the temperature showed a downward trend, and the humidity decreased after early-mid October. The CO2 concentration changed steadily, and increased rapidly in cellar after December. In freezer, the temperature and humidity changed steadily, and the CO2 concentration increased after October. The changes in quality of the fruits harvested in August and September were similar. There was a certain correlation between storage environment and fruit quality of Xinli No.7. In room and cellar, the variation trends of tem- perature and humidity were consistent with those of chlorophyll content, fruit hardness and titratable acid content with positive correlations, but were opposite from those of fruit weight loss rate, soluble solids content and soluble sugar content with negative correlations. In freezer, the CO2 concentration was closely related to the changes in fruit quality. Its variation trend was consistent with those of fruit weight loss rate and soluble solids content, but was opposite from those of pericarp chlorophyll content, fruit firmness, soluble sugar content and titratable acid content. The differences in some of the traits reached significant levels （P〈0.05, P〈0.01）. [Conclusion] With the extension of storage time, the temperature, humidity and CO2 concentration changed according to different patterns among different storage methods. The changes in fruit quality of Xinli NO.7 were related to the storage environment, especially to the temperature, to a certain extent.
基金Supported by 2015 Basic Research Operating Expenses Program of Chongqing Municipality‘Excavation and Appraisal of High-Se Maize Germplasm Resources’Key Project of Development and Application of Chongqing Municipality(cstc2014yykfB80014)~~
文摘Using silage maize cuttivar Yuqingyu 3 as the experimental material, the effects of five different harvesting dates on yield and quality of silage maize were in- vestigated. The results showed that the harvesting date posed various effects on quality and yield of silage maize. With the postponement of harvesting date, silage maize exhibited continuously increasing dry weight and gradually declining fresh weight; in maize straws, ADF and NDF contents increased constantly, crude protein content and IVODM decreased gradually, crude fat content increased first and then declined; in maize kernels, crude protein and lysine contents decreased continuously, crude starch content increased gradually, crude fat content increased first and then reduced. In conclusion, silage maize should be harvested at 27-34 d after pollination.
文摘Animal nutrition is one of the most important limiting factors in animal production, especially in ruminants, providing proteins being the main constraint, due to the limited availability and high cost of protein sources （oilseed meals）. Currently in the dam ＂El lnfiernillo＂ in Michoacan Mexico, has a large population of devil fish （Pterygoplichthys spp.）, which is an economic and ecological problem, because it is not consumed by humans and causes pollution to be discarded directly into the environment. For that reason the objective of this study was to evaluate the use of silage acid devil fish （SADF） in fattening beef cattle as a protein supplement. SADF is defined as a product semi-liquid or pasty mixed with formic acid, which leads to a decrease in pH to near 4.0. Used 18 young bulls （Bos taurus × Bos indicus） for 60 days with a starting weight of 278.9 ± 51.2 kg, housed in individual pens with food and water ad libitum were randomly assigned to three treatments with different levels of inclusion SADF （0%, 12% and 18%）. They were weighed to the beginning of the experiment and later every 30 days, previous fasting of 24 hours. To determine the food consumption, weigh every day the offered food and the surplus. There were no significant differences （P 〈 0.05） among treatments with different levels of inclusion of SADF with respect to daily weight gain, with values of 952 ± 324, 927 ±322 and 854 ± 307 g/day, respectively. The dry matter intake （DMI） was 8.9, 9.3 and 7.7 kg/day to 0%, 12% and 18% of SADF, respectively. In the same values for feed conversion were 9.34, 10.03 and 9.01 kg DMI/kg of weigh live, and carcass yield of 60.6%, 60.3% and 58.5%, respectively. It is concluded that fish silage acid devil is an excellent alternative in feeding beef cattle as a protein supplement.
文摘Covering the grapevine rows to delay maturity and thus the harvest date becomes a widespread practice at Sultana seedless vineyards. The research work was carried out with different covers to examine their effects on grape quality and storage life in 2009 and 2010. Grapevines were covered with three different densities （shading ratios： 35%, 55%, 75%） at the veraison period. Unshaded （0%） control grapevines and grapevines shaded under different ratios were covered with polypropylene cross-stitch just before harvest maturity. Grapes under cover were harvested nearly one month after than those maturing under open conditions. Grape clusters were packed in PE bags and pre-cooled after harvest and then SO2-generating pads has been put on top, bags were sealed. In the second year at the 120th day of the storage, decay development has been observed in all applications. Total soluble solids content, maturity index and a＊ colour value were found lower in 55% and 75% shaded grapes compared to unshaded grapevines. Still, berry removal force and hue angle value in 55% and 75% of shaded grapes were higher than unshaded grapes. Effects of shading ratios on these parameters decrease or disappear at the end of storage.
文摘An experiment retail film packaging system was used to compare the atmospheric composition within sealed packs containing barangan banana fruits. This research was done in order to study the effect of packaging films with different permeability properties on the physicochemicalproperties of barangan banana during storage at room temperature （28 ± 2 °C） and at 15 °C. The films used were 0.09 mm low density polyethylene （LDPE）, 0.04 mm polypropylene and 0.057 mm LDPE compared with unwrapped fruits as control. Barangan bananas were evaluated each 5 days intervals for changes in moisture content, total sugars, vitamin C, hardness and color. Unwrapped barangan bananas were overripe and soft after 15 days at both temperature conditions. Sealed packages especially using LDPE at 15 °C delayed the development of the yellow color of banana until 20 days of storage and had the lowest weight loss.
