《尔雅·释丘》英译的文化地理学阐释——以“丘”类术语英译为例

《释丘》作为《尔雅》地理名物训诂篇目,收录了先秦时期很多“丘”类人文地理术语,文化内涵丰富。《释丘》中“丘”类术语的英译,如何既展示其地理特征,又传递其文化内涵,是其英译难点。基于《释丘》的文本特点,其英译可从两个层面展开。首先,可通过注疏正文本化的翻译方法,在英译时充分呈现其地理特征;其次,从文化地理学角度出发,阐释术语所含文化内涵。根据《释丘》内容,“丘”类术语的文化地理意象可分为聚落文化、权力文化以及神社文化,其英译补充阐释也可从这三个角度展开。从文化地理学的角度阐释术语,为汉语辞书典籍的英译提出了新的解读视角。

Effect of Slow and Controlled Release Fertilizers on the Yield and Nutrient Use Efficiency of Hot Pepper in Qiu-bei

[Objective] The aim of this study was to investigate the impacts of slow and controlled release fertilizers（SCRF）on the yield of qiubei hot pepper,its nutrient use efficiency and environment.[Method] Using Qiubei hot pepper（Capsicum frutescens L.）as the experimental material,we studied the fertilization effect and environment-protecting effect of SCRF.[Result] The result showed that SCRF could improve the agronomic characteristics of hot pepper.Compared to singly applied common fertilizers,SCRF increased economic yield by 20.90% and economic benefit by 13 234.35 Yuan/hm2,and the ratio of output to input was improved by 47.93%.In comparison with common straight fertilizers at same NPK proportion and rate,SCRF increased economic yield by 5.26% and economic benefit by 5 554.80 Yuan/hm2,and the ratio of output to input was improved by 9.91%.Under the reduced use of SCRF by 20%,SCRF increased economic yield by 12.38% and economic benefit by 9595.20 Yuan/hm2 compared with singly applied common fertilizers,and the ratio of output to input was improved by 65.95%.SCRF improved nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium use efficiencies by 12.42-17.53,3.35-5.24 and 5.37-14.02 percents respectively.[Conclusion] As the result of much reduced N and P application rates,SCRF would significantly economize fertilizer resources and minimize the pollution caused by the loss of fertilizer nutrients,which is of practical importance for environment protection.

《尔雅》简述(连载一)

第一章《尔雅》概述 一《尔雅》的作者和成书年代 中国古来的传统,把语言文字之学,称为“小学”。小学书大别为三类:一是文字之学,以研究《说文解字》为主;二是训诂之学,以研究《尔雅》为主;三是音韵之学,以研究《广韵》为主。这一篇只简述《尔雅》,不及其它。 《尔雅》这一部书,自晋郭璞注,宋邢昺疏之后,到清代各家的笺疏、补正、校勘等等的著作,据周祖谟先生《重印雅学考跋》(《问学集》下,689——696页,

反训臆说——读《反训探原》质疑

“反训探原”一文,(原载《中国语文》八○年第四期)把“反训”字分为十类,认为:这十类字就是“反训”的十种来历和成因.兹照抄原分类名目例字如次:(分类顺序略有更动)一、内含反训 例:率 遵循也.又,领导也.等 齐同也.又,差异也.二、破读反训 例:仰 下托上也.又,上委下也.三、互换反训 例:攘 推贤而善也.礼敬谦逊也.又,消责不善也.逆 迎受也.又,违拒也.四、引伸反训 例:衅 填隙也.又,裂隙也.五、隐讳反训 例:考 延年也.又,终命也.六、假借反训 例:乖 戾也.又,和顺也.

Robust salt-dome detection using the ranking of texture-based attributes

The accurate interpretation and analysis of seismic data heavily depends on the robustness of the algorithms used. We focus on the robust detection of salt domes from seismic surveys. We discuss a novel feature-ranking classification model for saltdome detection for seismic images using an optimal set of texture attributes. The proposed algorithm overcomes the limitations of existing texture attribute-based techniques, which heavily depend on the relevance of the attributes to the geological nature of salt domes and the number of attributes used for accurate detection. The algorithm combines the attributes from the Gray-Level Co-occurrence Matrix （GLCM）, the Gabor filters, and the eigenstructure of the covariance matrix with feature ranking using the information content. The top-ranked attributes are combined to form the optimal feature set, which ensures that the algorithm works well even in the absence of strong reflectors along the salt-dome boundaries. Contrary to existing salt-dome detection techniques, the proposed algorithm is robust and eomputationally efficient, and works with small-sized feature sets. I used the Netherlands F3 block to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm. The experimental results suggest that the proposed workflow based on information theory can detect salt domes with accuracy superior to existing salt-dome detection techniques.

A new approach for salt dome detection using a 3D multidirectional edge detector

Accurate salt dome detection from 3D seismic data is crucial to different seismic data analysis applications. We present a new edge based approach for salt dome detection in migrated 3D seismic data. The proposed algorithm overcomes the drawbacks of existing edge-based techniques which only consider edges in the x （crossline） and y （inline） directions in 2D data and the x （crossline）, y （inline）, and z （time） directions in 3D data. The algorithm works by combining 3D gradient maps computed along diagonal directions and those computed in x, y, and z directions to accurately detect the boundaries of salt regions. The combination of x, y, and z directions and diagonal edges ensures that the proposed algorithm works well even if the dips along the salt boundary are represented only by weak reflectors. Contrary to other edge and texture based salt dome detection techniques, the proposed algorithm is independent of the amplitude variations in seismic data. We tested the proposed algorithm on the publicly available Netherlands offshore F3 block. The results suggest that the proposed algorithm can detect salt bodies with high accuracy than existing gradient based and texture-based techniques when used separately. More importantly, the proposed approach is shown to be computationally efficient allowing for real time implementation and deployment.

The cAMP-mediated protein kinase signal transduction pathway is involved in the pyrogenic effect of CRH in rats

To determine whether the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) mediated protein kinase signal transduction pathway is involved in the pyrogenic action of corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) in rats.Methods Corticotropin releasing hormone, 2', 3 '-dideoxyadenosine (DDA) and adenosine-3', 5'(cyclic) monophosphorothionate, Rp-lsomer (Rp-cAMPS), were administered intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.). The colonic temperature was measured using a thermistor, and the content of cAMP in the hypothalamus was determined by radioimmunoassay. Hypethalemic incubation was used to assess the effects of CRH on the content of cAMP in the hypothalamus in vitro.Results Microinjection (i.c.v.) of CRH (2.5 μg, 5.0 μg and 10 μg) caused increases in colonic temperature and the hypothalemus cAMP level in conscious rats. CRH increased hypothalemus cAMP level in vitro. The pyrogenic effects of CRH were abolished or markedly inhibited by prior injection (i. c. v. ) of an adenylate cyclase inhibitor, DDA (30 μg), or an inhibitor of cAMP-dependent protein kinase, Rp-cAMPS (15 μg).Conclusion cAMP mediates the pyrogenic action of centrally administered of CRH in rats, and protein kinase A may play an important role in the central CRH-induced fever. The cAMP-dependent protein kinase signal transduction pathway may be involved in the central mechanisms of the pyrogenic action of CRH in rats.