由满族耶鲁里神观其萨满教三界之说

三界之说是萨满教的特征之一,三界的产生过程也是萨满教一直力图解释清楚的一件事情。从满族萨满教中恶神耶鲁里的产生、发展和变化,可以看到萨满教观念的发展进程。产生于上界的耶鲁里从善神到下界的恶神的演化,解释宇宙产生和发展的曲折性,也反映人类从母系社会过渡到父亲社会的争斗,耶鲁里这个雌雄一体的神灵,正是过渡阶段的产物。

“里仁”与人的居住方式——《论语·里仁》的思想及精神

《里仁》在《论语》的结构中具有重要的位置,它是教学、政治、礼乐的归宿,三者依于仁而后才能有真实的生命。里仁的概念揭示的是一种居住方式,其核心是与他人一道共同成为人。对《论语》而言,里仁生活的展开固然需要个人的立志与践行,但对更多的人而言,也需要一种立足于人而成为人的基本情感的促动,但此种基本情调作为好恶的问题,必须藉由某种教化的氛围中得以生成。

葛饰北斋《神奈川冲浪里》的深远影响探究

《神奈川冲浪里》描绘了神奈川海域的巨浪和富士山的景色,这幅作品不仅提升了日本浮世绘的知名度,还影响了世界范围内的绘画、音乐和文学等领域的大师创作,从十九世纪至今的绘画创作和设计作品中依然可以看到它的身影,研究解读画作内容主体和构图形式的艺术价值,从日本社会变迁、版画传播形式等方面探析画作产生深远影响的原因。

浅谈《神奈川冲浪里》的影响

《神奈川冲浪里》这幅日本版画广泛流传,甚至成为西方现代绘画发展史上不可忽视的因素之一。凭着版画作品易传播和易复制的特性,这幅版画在19世纪中叶远渡重洋,进入欧洲,并以浮世绘特有的色彩和构图吸引艺术家的目光,直到现在仍然能给观者强烈的美感和视觉冲击,不断激发当代艺术家的创作灵感。这幅版画之所以能够声名远扬、经久不衰,与日本社会的变迁、葛饰北斋的艺术特色以及异域文化传播等方面有着密切的联系。

中国山水画中的“浪花”纹样在 《神奈川冲浪里》中的嬗变

南宋时期，中国山水画确立了“浪花”纹样的基本范式，并在以后各朝代的山水画中沿袭。至明代愈渐成熟，略具装饰性。本文以中国山水画中的“浪花”纹样为切入点，探讨它在《神奈川冲浪里》中发生的嬗变。

深蓝巨浪的回响——葛饰北斋《神奈川冲浪里》与现代广告设计影响分析

《神奈川冲浪里》是葛饰北斋的名作,它精妙的构图和日本民族风格为未来的艺术从业者留下了宝贵的财富。在现代广告设计领域,葛饰北斋的独特创作风格也激起了设计师的巧思。通过了解葛饰北斋的生平,《神奈川冲浪里》的创作背景,以及现代广告的实际应用来分析这幅名作对广告设计领域的影响,引导后续设计师继续创作。

《富岳三十六景》及其影响与周边文娱产品

以日本著名浮世绘(Ukiyoe)画师葛饰北斋(Katsushikahokusai)的系列版画《神奈川冲浪里》(《Thirty-Six Views of Mount Fuji》)为对象,对其相关的衍生产品进行分析,通过解析相关产品的构成特征,发现很多文化产品含相关元素,得出这组版画对如今文化产品有广泛深远的影响的结论。

Fourier and wavelet transformations application to fault detection of induction motor with stator current

Fault detection of an induction motor was carried out using the information of the stator current. After synchronizing the actual data, Fourier and wavelet transformations were adopted in order to obtain the sideband or detail value characteristics under healthy and various faulty operating conditions. The most reliable phase current among the three phase currents was selected using an approach that employs the fuzzy entropy measure. Data were trained with a neural network system, and the fault detection algorithm was verified using the unknown data. Results of the proposed approach based on Fourier and wavelet transformations indicate that the faults can be properly classified into six categories. The training error is 5.3×10-7, and the average test error is 0.103.

Clinical Study on the Needling and Drug Treatment of Acute Cerebral Hemorrhage

Researches in recent years have shown that cellular immune factor plays an important role in the generation and development of cerebral hemorrhage1-3.

Comparison of Artificial Neural Networks,Geographically Weighted Regression and Cokriging Methods for Predicting the Spatial Distribution of Soil Macronutrients(N,P,and K)

Soil macronutrients(i.e. nitrogen(N), phosphorus(P), and potassium(K)) are important soils components and knowing the spatial distribution of these parameters are necessary at precision agriculture. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of different methods such as artificial neural networks(ANN) and two geostatistical methods(geographically weighted regression(GWR) and cokriging(CK)) to estimate N, P and K contents. For this purpose, soil samples were taken from topsoil(0–30 cm) at 106 points and analyzed for their chemical and physical parameters. These data were divided into calibration(n = 84) and validation(n = 22). Chemical and physical variables including clay, p H and organic carbon(OC) were used as auxiliary soil variables to estimate the N, P and K contents. Results showed that the ANN model(with coefficient of determination R^2 = 0.922 and root mean square error RMSE = 0.0079%) was more accurate compared to the CK model(with R^2 = 0.612 and RMSE = 0.0094%), and the GWR model(with R^2 = 0.872 and RMSE = 0.0089%) to estimate the N variable. The ANN model estimated the P with the RMSE of 3.630 ppm, which was respectively 28.93% and 20.00% less than the RMSE of 4.680 ppm and 4.357 ppm from the CK and GWR models. The estimated K by CK, GWR and ANN models have the RMSE of 76.794 ppm, 75.790 ppm and 52.484 ppm. Results indicated that the performance of the CK model for estimation of macro nutrients(N, P and K) was slightly lower than the GWR model. Also, the accuracy of the ANN model was higher than CK and GWR models, which proved to be more effective and reliable methods for estimating macro nutrients.

The Hindu Aristotle

This paper presents an original interpretation of the Upanishads that the inner self is located in the embryo brain region of the brain. This is the part of the brain already present in the embryo and consists of the brainstem, hypothalamus, thalamus, and midbrain. It is also the part of the brain that operates during dreaming and deep sleep and causes the transition from sleeping to waking states, and the Upanishads state unequivocally that the self is responsible for these mental states. With the self located in the embryo brain region, an entirely new interpretation of Aristotle＇s De Anima is presented which parallels the Upanishads in every respect; the inner self and Aristotle＇s ＂soul＂ have identical functions and attributes. An Aristotelian First Principle is presented： Biology is the source of Consciousness; DNA is the source of Biology; Ergo DNA is the source of Consciousness.

Acupuncture Treatment of Melancholia

Case HistoryMs. Liu, a 63-year-old housewife, paid her first visit on Oct.7, 1986 with main complaint of distension and pain in the chest and hypochondrium, and insomnia for one month.

中日鬼面具简论

从《周礼》记载的傩仪算起,傩文化在中国已经绵延发展了几千年。公元705年(庆云二年),日本宫廷依照中国唐代礼制举办驱傩仪式。随着时代变迁,方相氏驱傩相继在中国、日本消失,然而,接下来的流变发展各有特点,中国的方相氏驱傩只存在于文献记载中,民间出现各种各样的傩事活动。日本一些神社多次复苏方相氏驱傩,并且与后来出现的社寺傩、艺能傩,以及撒豆打鬼风俗共存发展。虽然流变不同,却有很多相通之处,两国鬼面具都体现中国古代阴阳五行思想,都有历史人物出现在驱傩活动中,鬼面具都善于借鉴本国传统戏剧中的脸谱或者面具。本文通过对照几组中日傩事活动的面具和表演内涵,探讨中日两国同根异花的傩文化现象。

Peripheral Nerve Discharge Elicited by Manual Acupuncture at Zusanli (ST 36) Regulates Blood Pressure in Anesthetized Rats

Objective： To investigate target organ response by recording mean arterial blood pressure （MAP） fluctuation corresponding to nerve-tract discharges from the nerve innervating acupoint of Zusanli （ST 36） in the hind limb evoked by MA in anesthetized rats. Methods： Male SD rats anesthetized with chloral hydrate were randomly divided into 3 groups which were treated with manual acupuncture （MA）, injection of lidocaine followed by MA and injection of normal saline （NS） followed by MA, respectively. The right carotid artery was canulated for persistent measurement of the blood pressure and meanwhile nerve discharges from the nerve-tract were recorded for analysis with amplitude spike counts for every 5 s. Results： The results showed that there were significant nerve discharges recorded from the nerve-tract when applying MA at Zusanli （ST 36） and simultaneous decrease in the MAP, while there was no response when inserting a needle into the Zusanli （ST 36） without manipulation （P〈0.05）. Furthermore, the reduction of MAP during MA could be completely abolished after blockade of peripheral nerve discharges with an injection of lidocaine into the tissue around Zusanli （ST 36） but not with that of normal saline （NS）. Conclusion： These results indicate that MA at Zusanli （ST 36） can elicit the peripheral nerve discharges from the nerve innervating the acupoint; such kind of nerve discharges may contain acupuncture signal regulating blood pressure via somato-cardiovascular reflex.

Study of Neuropathways of Acupuncture Effect on Functional Regulation and Disease Treatment

Objective： To reveal the neuropathways of acupuncture effect on regulation of autonomic functions, treatment of diseases and the relationship between treating acupoint and certain target tissue or organ. Methods： it is reviewed for the authors＇ studies of characteristics of afferent nerve response, somato-sympathetic reflex （one of the somato-autonomic reflexes） and glutamate derived central modulation, target tissue and organ responses to somatic stimulation of acupuncture or electrical shock in rats and mice. Results and Conclusion： An electrical discharge from the nerve afferent serving Zusanli （ST 36） was recorded by applying manual acupuncture or electroacupuncture to Zusanli （ST 36）. Such process could be replaced by applying electric shock directly to the afferent nerve assumingly. Somatic electrical stimulation of the afferent nerve e.g. tibia nerve can reflexively elicit an electrical discharge from autonomic efferent nerve e.g. sympathetic nerve that is defined as somato-sympathetic reflex. The reflex can be modulated by an excitatory neurotransmitter of glutamate in the central pathways. On the other hand, somatic stimulation of Zusanli （ST 36）, etc. by electroacupuncture showed that there were inhibitory modulation of somatic sensory input from target tissue of the inflammatory pain in the hind paw of the mouse and visceral sensory input from target organ of the colorectum hyperagesia in the irritable bowel syndrome （IBS） rat. Spinal GABA and NMDA receptors were proved to be involved in the former and latter processes, respectively.

Effect of moxibustion at Shenque(CV 8)on myocardial remodeling and function in exercise-induced fatigue rats

Objective To explore the effect of moxibustion at Shenque(CV 8)on myocardial structure and function in exercise-induced fatigue rats.Methods A 12-week treadmill running training was performed to create an exercise-induced fatigue rat model.Sixty eligible male specific-pathogen-free grade Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a blank group,a control group,a model group,a non-meridian non-acupoint group,a Zusanli(ST 36)group and a Shenque(CV 8)group,with 10 rats in each group.Rats in the blank group did not receive treadmill running training or moxibustion.Rats in the control group did not receive treadmill running training but received mild moxibustion at Shenque(CV 8).Rats in the model group received treadmill running training but no moxibustion.Rats in the non-meridian non-acupoint group,the Zusanli(ST 36)group and the Shenque(CV 8)group received moxibustion at the non-meridian non-acupoint points,Zusanli(ST 36)or Shenque(CV 8)immediately after each treadmill running training,15 min each time,once a day for 5 consecutive days a week at a 2-day interval,60 times of moxibustion in total.Left ventricular end-diastolic diameter(LVEDd),left ventricular end-systolic diameter(LVESd),left ventricular diastolic volume(LVDv),left ventricular systolic volume(LVSv),ejection fraction(EF),stroke volume(SV),early diastolic peak flow velocity of mitral valve(E)and late diastolic peak flow velocity of mitral valve(A)of each group before and after the last treadmill running training were measured.Blood was collected 6 h after the last treadmill running training,and serum C-reactive protein(CRP),myoglobin(Mb),creatine kinase-myocardial band(CK-MB),cardiac troponin I(cTnI)and cardiac troponin T(cTnT)levels were detected.Finally,the heart was separated,the heart mass(HM)was measured,the cTnT level of the myocardial tissue was detected,the ultrastructural changes of the left ventricular myocardium were observed by transmission electron microscope,the left ventricular fraction shortening(LVFS),E/A and heart mass index(HMI)were calculated.Results Compared with the same group before treatment,the rat cardiac LVEDd,LVESd,LVDv,LVSv,SV,E and A were significantly increased(all P<0.01),and the rat LVFS,E/A and EF were significantly decreased(all P<0.01)in the model group and the non-meridian non-acupoint group after treatment;the rat cardiac SV,LVDv,LVSv,E and A were all increased(all P<0.01),while E/A and EF were decreased(all P<0.01)in the Zusanli(ST 36)group after treatment;the rat cardiac LVDv,E and A were significantly increased(P<0.01 or P<0.05),and E/A was significantly decreased(P<0.01)in the Shenque(CV 8)group after treatment.After treatment,compared with the blank group,the rat cardiac LVEDd,LVESd,SV,LVDv,LVSv,E,A,the serum CRP,Mb,CK-MB,cTnI,cTnT and HMI,and the myocardial cTnT were increased(all P<0.01),and the LVFS,E/A and EF were all reduced(all P<0.01)in the model group;compared with the model group and the non-meridian non-acupoint group,rats in the Zusanli(ST 36)group and the Shenque(CV 8)group showed decreased LVEDd,LVESd,SV,LVDv,LVSv,E,A,serum CRP,Mb,CK-MB,cTnI,cTnT and HMI,and myocardial cTnT(P<0.01 or P<0.05),along with increased LVFS,E/A and EF(all P<0.01);compared with the Zusanli(ST 36)group,Mb and A of the Shenque(CV 8)group were decreased(both P<0.01),while both E/A and EF were increased(P<0.01,P<0.05).Transmission electron microscopy examination showed that myofibrils in the blank group and the control group were neatly arranged with clear light and dark bands;the model group and the non-meridian non-acupoint group showed different degrees of myofibril disintegration and breakage,increased and aggregated mitochondria of different sizes,and increased electron density.The myofibrils in the Shenque(CV 8)group and Zusanli(ST 36)group were arranged neatly with clear light and dark bands,and compensatory hyperplasia of mitochondria.Conclusion Moxibustion at Shenque(CV 8)and Zusanli(ST 36)both can effectively improve the occurrence of myocardial remodeling in exercise-induced fatigue rats,and the effect of moxibustion at Shenque(CV 8)is better in improving cardiac function.

Spatial Estimation of Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity from Terrain Attributes Using Regression,Kriging,and Artificial Neural Networks

Several methods,including stepwise regression,ordinary kriging,cokriging,kriging with external drift,kriging with varying local means,regression-kriging,ordinary artificial neural networks,and kriging combined with artificial neural networks,were compared to predict spatial variation of saturated hydraulic conductivity from environmental covariates.All methods except ordinary kriging allow for inclusion of secondary variables.The secondary spatial information used was terrain attributes including elevation,slope gradient,slope aspect,profile curvature and contour curvature.A multiple jackknifing procedure was used as a validation method.Root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE) were used as the validation indices,with the mean RMSE and mean MAE used to judge the prediction quality.Prediction performance by ordinary kriging was poor,indicating that prediction of saturated hydraulic conductivity can be improved by incorporating ancillary data such as terrain variables.Kriging combined with artificial neural networks performed best.These prediction models made better use of ancillary information in predicting saturated hydraulic conductivity compared with the competing models.The combination of geostatistical predictors with neural computing techniques offers more capability for incorporating ancillary information in predictive soil mapping.There is great potential for further research and development of hybrid methods for digital soil mapping.

Observation of Influence of Mild Moxibustion by Different Intervals on Therapeutic Effects of Patients with Primary Hyperlipidemia

Objective： To observe the influence of mild moxibustion by different intervals on the therapeutic effect of the patients with primary hyperlipidemia. Methods： 63 cases of patients were randomly divided into Group A （32 cases） and Group B （31 cases）. In both groups, mild moxibustion was applied bilaterally to Zusanli （ST 36）. The treatment was given once a day for group A and once every other day for group B. The therapeutic effects of the two groups were summarized after twelve weeks. Results： The two groups are remarkably significant in reducing total cholesterol （TC） （P〈0.001）, and also remarkably significant in reducing triglyceride （TG）, low density lipoprotein cholesterin （LDL-C） and in elevating high density lipoprotein cholesterin （HDL-C） （P〈0.05）; and not evident in improving apolipotroten （ApoAI）, apoliporotein B （ApoB）, and lipoprotein a [Lp （a）]; however ApoAI showed an obvious tendency to rise, and ApoB and Lp （a） showed an tendency to decrease. There is no statistic significance in comparison between the groups. Conclusion： Mild moxibustion for primary hyperlipidemia can be applied by a plan of one treatment every other day.

Study on the differences between moxibustion at different points in the effects on the anti-fatigue ability of rats undergoing one-time exhaustive swimming

Objective:To observe the effects of moxibustion at Shenshu(BL 23),Zusanli(ST 36)and Shenque(CV 8)on the energy metabolism and endocrine metabolism indicators of rats undergoing one-time exhaustive swimming,and to explore the differences between moxibustion at different points in the effects on anti-exercise fatigue.Methods:Forty-eight male SPF rats were randomly divided into a blank group,a model group,a non-meridian and non-acupoint group,a Shenshu(BL 23)group,a Zusanli(ST 36)group,and a Shenque(CV 8)group using random number table method,with eight rats in each group.Except for the blank group,rats in the other groups were subjected to replicating the one-time exhaustive model using the weight-bearing swimming experiment.Except for the model group,the other model rats received mild moxibustion immediately after swimming.Rats in the non-meridian and non-acupoint group received mild moxibustion at bilateral subcostal non-meridian and non-acupoint points,those in the Shenshu(BL 23)group received mild moxibustion at bilateral Shenshu(BL 23),those in the Zusanli(ST 36)group received mild moxibustion at bilateral Zusanli(ST 36),and those in the Shenque(CV 8)group received mild moxibustion at Shenque(CV 8)for 15 min.Four hours after the exhaustive swimming,femoral artery blood was collected to detect blood lactate(BLA),lactate dehydrogenase(LDH),creatine kinase(CK),creatinine(CRE),blood urea nitrogen(BUN),cortisol(C)and testosterone(T)levels,and calculate the T/C ratio.Results:Compared with the blank group,rat's serum levels of BLA,LDH,CK,BUN and C in the model group and the non-meridian and non-acupoint group were increased,and serum levels of CRE and T,and T/C ratios were decreased(P<0.01 or P<0.05);compared with the model group and the non-meridian and non-acupoint group,the serum levels of BLA,LDH,CK,BUN and C in the Shenshu(BL 23)group,Zusanli(ST 36)group and Shenque(CV 8)group were decreased,and the serum CRE and T levels,and the T/C ratios were increased(all P<0.01);compared with the Shenshu(BL 23)group,the serum CK level was decreased in the Shenque(CV 8)group(P<0.01),the serum levels of T and C were decreased in the Zusanli(ST 36)group and Shenque(CV 8)group(P<0.01 or P<0.05),and the T/C ratio was increased in the Shenque(CV 8)group(P<0.01);compared with the Zusanli(ST 36)group,the serum CK and BUN levels were decreased(P<0.01,P<0.05),and the T/C ratio was increased in the Shenque(CV 8)group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Moxibustion at Shenshu(BL 23),Zusanli(ST 36)and Shenque(CV 8)shows different anti-fatigue effects by regulating the energy metabolism and endocrine metabolism in rats undergoing one-time exhaustive swimming.Moxibustion at Shenshu(BL 23)is better in promoting energy synthesis.Moxibustion at Shenque(CV 8)is more effective in regulating synthesis and decomposition of the skeletal muscle proteins.

Effect of Point Sticking Therapy on Biochemical Markers and Rating of Perceived Exertion in Athletes with Exercise-induced Fatigue

Objective： To observe the effect of point sticking therapy on biochemical markers and Rating of Perceived Exertion （RPE） in athletes with exercise-induced fatigue. Methods： A total of 35 football players were randomly allocated into a blank group, a control group and an observation group. The athletes in the blank group received no treatment, those in the control group take Xi Yang Shen （Radix Panacis Quinquefolii） orally and those in the observation group were treated by point sticking therapy. The athletes＇ RPE, hemoglobin （Hb）, red blood cell count （RBC）, blood urea nitrogen （BUN） and blood glucose （BG） were recorded every day for analysis. Results： The RPE value in the blank group tends to increase, while that in the treatment and the blank groups tend to increase first but decrease afterwards, and the corresponding RPE value in the observation group was smaller than that in the control group. After treatment, athletes in the blank group showed a decrease in Hb, RBC and BG, but an increase in BUN in the blank group; while athletes in the observation and the control groups showed increases in Hb, RBC and BG, but a decrease in BUN. Conclusion： Point sticking can alleviate clinical symptoms induced by exercise-induced fatigue.