重“学”与重“道”:关于苏辙道德文章的考察

苏辙在文学史上的评价呈逐渐走低的态势。古代文章"一门三父子"的千古美誉,苏辙成为最黯淡无光的一位。人们通常认为,这种现象是由于苏轼光环的遮蔽所致,其实最重要的原因是人们对苏辙研究不够,认识不深。苏辙一生重"学"重"道",强调学道既是学习之本,更是立身行世之要;他毕生追求道德文章相统一,故其文汪洋淡泊,有一唱三叹之致。苏轼与秦观不约而同地对此高度推崇,现代研究者不能熟视无睹。

重“學”與重“道”:關於蘇轍道德文章的考察

蘇轍在文學史上的評價逞逐漸走低的態勢。古代文章"一門三父子"的千古美譽,蘇轍成爲最黯淡無光的一位。人們通常認爲,這種現象是由於蘇軾光環的遮蔽所致,其實最重要的原因是人們對蘇轍研究不够,認識不深。蘇轍一生重"學"重"道",强調學道既是學習之本,更是立身行世之要;他畢生追求道德文章相統一,故其文汪洋淡泊,有一唱三歎之致。蘇軾與秦觀不約而同地對此高度推崇,現代研究者不能熟視無睹。

也谈由重“教”转为重“学”

:什么是教学 ?过去往往理解成“教师教———学生学” ,现代教学论认为应是“教师———教学生学”。学生的学习固然需要教师的指导 ,但归根结蒂是要靠自身的努力和能力。教师的“教”只有通过学生主动的“学”才能起作用 ,离开了学生的自主学习 ,实现教学目的将是一句空话。学生在校期间获得的知识是有限的 ,大量的要靠离校后的体现。因此 ,掌握学习本领至关重要。教师“教”学生“学会了”学习 (即掌握了学习本领 ) ,并养成自我学习的习惯 ,那么 ,教学目标才能实现 ,教学的价值才得以真正的体现。本文从教师要教“学”的理由 (转变观念 )、如何教“学”(改革教法 )、完成教学轨道转移的标志 (达到效果 )

教学贵在于重“学”

学生的学习固然需要教师的指导,但归根结底是要靠自身的努力和能力。教师的“教”只有通过学生主动的“学”才能起作用。离开了学生的自主学习,实现教学目的将是一句空话。学生在校期间获得的知识是有限的,大量的要靠离校后的摄取。

对外汉语教学侧重性分析

根据在中国大陆地区学习汉语的外国人来源情况,以及针对东西方文化上存在的差异,作者提出了外籍学生在学习汉语时所面临的重点与难点问题及其可能的解决办法。在对比和参照其它语言教学过程中存在的优缺点基础上,本文作者在教学方法和课堂设计上提出了一些富有建设性的意见和做法,提供了一些有侧重性的教学参考示例。

笔墨创新在重彩山水画教学过程中的运用

笔墨创新建立在艺术家对传统重彩山水画的深刻体会、认识和把握上。与此同时,它也脱离不了中国哲学思想的滋养。重彩山水画创新可以通过笔墨创新来实现,在重彩山水画教学过程中,教师要把创新与传统联系起来,培养学生的笔墨创新思维,以达到借古开今的目的,促进重彩山水画教学的发展。

建立学习学的思考和设想

长期以来,在教学理论和实践中,存在着一种失之偏颇的现象;在教学理论的研究中,“教”研究得较多,“学”研究得较少。虽然呼吁和倡导开展“学”的研究的不乏其人,但身体力行,脚踏实地,全面系统地研究“学”的人却不多。可以说,“学”的研究一直是教学理论研究的一个薄弱环节;在教学实践中,重“教”而不重“学”。

Optimizing polypharmacy interventions and evaluating their impact on elderly inpatients using dual criteria and medication appropriateness index

With the acceleration of society’s aging process,the widespread phenomenon of polypharmacy among the elderly has become a significant concern.This research aimed to analyze potential inappropriate medication among 178 inpatients in the geriatric general department of our hospital from January 2022 to September 2022.The participants were randomly assigned to an observation group and a control group.The observation group received pharmaceutical intervention,whereas the control group did not.The objective was to explore the impact of pharmaceutical intervention on polypharmacy in this population.The results revealed that after pharmaceutical intervention,there were no significant differences in medication adherence,medication appropriateness index(MAI),quantity of medicine,and potentially inappropriate medication(PIM)in the control group compared to before the intervention(P>0.05).However,the observation group showed significant improvement(P<0.05).The proportion of patients with good adherence increased from 57%to 78%,and the percentage of patients with MAI scores over 10 decreased from 60%to 40%.Moreover,there was a reduction in the number of medications prescribed,with only 47%of patients receiving more than five different types compared to the initial rate of 64%.Additionally,the occurrence of PIM declined from an initial rate of 64%to just 44%,surpassing that observed in the control group.Therefore,the implementation of pharmaceutical intervention can effectively enhance medication adherence and appropriateness among elderly patients,mitigate the risk of PIM,and promote rational medicine utilization.

数学结课的原则

好的结课就能发挥前馈控制的功能,强化对知识的正确认识,减少出现知识偏差的人次。好的结课能改变重“教”不重“学”的主观性,改变重“知”不重“思”的浅层性,改变重“灌”不重“趣”的强制性。帮助学生总结、归纳知识,形成新的认知结构。能培养学生归纳概括能力,使学生享受成功的乐趣,提高学习的自信心,激发学生的探索欲望。能启动学生的内在活力,对学生产生良好的心理影响。因此,笔者认为在教学实践中,结课应该遵循以下几方面原则。 一、简明扼要、突出重点的原则 课尾结课一般安排2—3分钟左右,结课不可能面面俱到,要紧扣教学目标、重点和知识结构,针对学生的知识掌握情况进行及时的精练的归纳。

Re-identifying beef cattle using improved AlignedReID++

Accurate and continuous identification of individual cattle is crucial to precision farming in recent years.It is also the prerequisite to monitor the individual feed intake and feeding time of beef cattle at medium to long distances over different cameras.However,beef cattle can tend to frequently move and change their feeding position during feeding.Furthermore,the great variations in their head direction and complex environments(light,occlusion,and background)can also lead to some difficulties in the recognition,particularly for the bio-similarities among individual cattle.Among them,AlignedReID++model is characterized by both global and local information for image matching.In particular,the dynamically matching local information(DMLI)algorithm has been introduced into the local branch to automatically align the horizontal local information.In this research,the AlignedReID++model was utilized and improved to achieve the better performance in cattle re-identification(ReID).Initially,triplet attention(TA)modules were integrated into the BottleNecks of ResNet50 Backbone.The feature extraction was then enhanced through cross-dimensional interactions with the minimal computational overhead.Since the TA modules in AlignedReID++baseline model increased the model size and floating point operations(FLOPs)by 0.005 M and 0.05 G,the rank-1 accuracy and mean average precision(mAP)were improved by 1.0 percentage points and 2.94 percentage points,respectively.Specifically,the rank-1 accuracies were outperformed by 0.86 percentage points and 0.12 percentage points,respectively,compared with the convolution block attention module(CBAM)and efficient channel attention(ECA)modules,although 0.94 percentage points were lower than that of squeeze-and-excitation(SE)modules.The mAP metric values were exceeded by 0.22,0.86 and 0.12 percentage points,respectively,compared with the SE,CBAM,and ECA modules.Additionally,the Cross-Entropy Loss function was replaced with the CosFace Loss function in the global branch of baseline model.CosFace Loss and Hard Triplet Loss were jointly employed to train the baseline model for the better identification on the similar individuals.AlignedReID++with CosFace Loss was outperformed the baseline model by 0.24 and 0.92 percentage points in the rank-1 accuracy and mAP,respectively,whereas,AlignedReID++with ArcFace Loss was exceeded by 0.36 and 0.56 percentage points,respectively.The improved model with the TA modules and CosFace Loss was achieved in a rank-1 accuracy of 94.42%,rank-5 accuracy of 98.78%,rank-10 accuracy of 99.34%,mAP of 63.90%,FLOPs of 5.45 G,frames per second(FPS)of 5.64,and model size of 23.78 M.The rank-1 accuracies were exceeded by 1.84,4.72,0.76 and 5.36 percentage points,respectively,compared with the baseline model,part-based convolutional baseline(PCB),multiple granularity network(MGN),and relation-aware global attention(RGA),while the mAP metrics were surpassed 6.42,5.86,4.30 and 7.38 percentage points,respectively.Meanwhile,the rank-1 accuracy was 0.98 percentage points lower than TransReID,but the mAP metric was exceeded by 3.90 percentage points.Moreover,the FLOPs of improved model were only 0.05 G larger than that of baseline model,while smaller than those of PCB,MGN,RGA,and TransReID by 0.68,6.51,25.4,and 16.55 G,respectively.The model size of improved model was 23.78 M,which was smaller than those of the baseline model,PCB,MGN,RGA,and TransReID by 0.03,2.33,45.06,14.53 and 62.85 M,respectively.The inference speed of improved model on a CPU was lower than those of PCB,MGN,and baseline model,but higher than TransReID and RGA.The t-SNE feature embedding visualization demonstrated that the global and local features were achieve in the better intra-class compactness and inter-class variability.Therefore,the improved model can be expected to effectively re-identify the beef cattle in natural environments of breeding farm,in order to monitor the individual feed intake and feeding time.

初中文言文教学:对“标”找差

初中文言文教学应避免重＂教＂轻＂学＂,教师要引导学生在疑问中突破自己,在解决疑问中有了新的认知体验与成长体验,然后进一步巩固自主学习的意识,这才是真学习,才是课标中所说的＂理解＂。教学还应避免重＂言＂轻＂文＂,教师要在教学时适当突破文言文本身的知识价值,突破文言文传统的教学范式,从＂文＂的角度着眼追求一些语文味,学生的学习乐趣才会更浓些,学习效果也才会更好些。

儒家人格理想的铸造

一论教育的本质和价值孔子首先从个体的人的先天遗传素质出发,讨论教育的本质和价值问题,然后在此基础上展开对其他基本理论问题的论述。在讨论教育本质问题时,孔子强调由论“学”而论“教”、由重“学”而重“教”。例如,《论语》(本文引用论语只注篇名)中“性”四见、“学”六十四见、“教”七见、“诲”五见,且开篇第一句便讨论“学”和“习”。一位终身从事教育工作的教师言行录——《论语》,被其弟子和后学作如是载述和编排,绝非偶然。它反映了在教育究竟应被看作什么、应从何种角度来讨论等重大理论问题上,孔子及儒家学派的一贯观点。

晚清西方力学知识体系的译介与传播——以“重学”一词的使用及其演变为例

"重学"是早期西方"力学"(Mechanics)一词的译名。它在晚清力学传播中占据了重要的位置。随着与重学相关著作的译介与传播,"重学"一词的内涵不断扩大,"重学"的译名也发生了变化,有将"Me-chanics"译为"力学"的,也有将"Dynamics"译作"力学"的,而且"力学"一词的含义当时在不同的译著中指代不同,造成了力学知识体系传播的混乱。"重学"一词的使用及其演变过程体现了力学知识体系在晚清的吸收与消化过程,并反映出当时翻译与传播中存在的问题。

Microstructure evolution and tensile mechanical properties of thixoformed AZ61 magnesium alloy prepared by squeeze casting

A novel process that combines squeeze casting with partial remelting to obtain AZ61 magnesium alloy with semi-solid microstructures was proposed. In this route, the squeeze casting was used to predeform the magnesium alloy billets to obtain small dendritic structures. During subsequent partial remelting, small dendritic structures transform into globular grains surrounded by liquid films. The results show that the squeeze casting AZ61 alloy after partial remelting produces more ideal, finer semi-solid microstructure compared with as-cast AZ61 alloy treated by the same isothermal holding conditions. Moreover, the mechanical properties of the thixoformed AZ61 alloy prepared by squeeze casting plus partial remelting are better than those of the thixoformed alloy prepared by conventional casting plus partial remelting.

Ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in sediments of Xiawan Port based on modified potential ecological risk index

Modified potential ecological risk index （MRI） was proposed based on the potential ecological risk index （RI） and risk assessment code （RAC） by modifying an index. The modified index was relevant to the chemical speciation of heavy metals. Xiawan Port, a typical region contaminated by industrial production, was selected as a case study area. The total concentrations and chemical speciation of heavy metals in sediments of Xiawan Port were analyzed. The experimental data indicate that Xiawan Port is seriously polluted by heavy metals, especially by Cd. The risks of heavy metals are evaluated by RI, RAC and MRI, respectively. The resluts of MRI show that the risks of heavy metals are in the decreasing order of Cd〉Pb〉Cu〉Zn. Comparison of results by different methods reveals that MRI integrates the characters of RI and RAC. MRI is recognized to be useful for risk managemnt of heavy metals in sediments.

Fractional distribution and risk assessment of heavy metal contaminated soil in vicinity of a lead/zinc mine

The pollution characteristics of Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu and Ni in soil of lead-zinc mining area were studied. The results indicate that the contamination degree followed the sequence of Cd〉Pb〉Zn〉Ni〉Cu and concentrations of Pb, Cd and Zn exceeded corresponding limits of the Chinese National Soil Environmental Quality Standard III. The soil was extremely polluted by Cd（Iego=5.26）, moderately to heavily polluted by Zn（Iego=2.38）, heavily to extremely polluted by Pb（Iego=4.13）. The results of BCR three-step sequential extraction procedure show that the active Cd, Pb and Zn were relatively high and might exert adverse effects on the plants grown in the soil, while Cu and Ni existed in soil with a relatively stable form. Potential ecological risk results indicate that soils were engaging in a high potential ecological risk by pollution of Cd and should be given rise to concern.

ROBOTIC DYNAMIC MODEL ON LOAD SWING OF SLEWING CRANE

This paper sets up a robotic manipulator model on slewing crane. The model can synthetically describe the dynamic behavior of the load of slewing crane in rotating, elevating and hoisting motions. The dynamic equations of the system are recursively derived by a Newton Euler method. The dynamic behavior of the load of slewing crane in rotating motion is simulated on a computer. The method of robotic dynamics to derive the dynamic equations of the swing of load is accurate and convenient and it has good regularity. The result of the study provides a base in theory on design of crane and an accurate mathematical model for controlling the swing of load.

Plant Developmental Biology in China: Past, Present and Future

Plant development is a process from germination of seed to vegetative growth, flower initiation and development, fertilization and finally to the next generation seed formation. A lot of achievements have been obtained in plant developmental biology in China. Since the 1990's, those young generation scientists returned to China from abroad to use molecular and genetic techniques to study morphological, physiological and biochemical process of plant development. The present paper reviews the progress in some research area of plant developmental biology in the past decades and also prospects the chance and future of plant developmental studies, due to the recent advances of plant genome sequencing and functional genomics in China under the international research background.

Influence of Soil Geochemistry to the Quality of Winter Jujube in Zhanhua

[Objective] The aim was to investigate the effects of soil geochemistry on the quality of winter jujube.[Method]Based on the data of ecological geochemical survey in lower Yellow River Basin,the relevance of the geochemistry environment in top soils and the quality of winter jujubes was analyzed.[Result]Cd,Ni and other heavy metals in the soil more obviously affected the nutrition of winter jujubes.[Conclusion]B,Mn,MgO,Cd,Zn,K2O and other elements in the root soil played an important role in the enrichment of Cr and Hg of winter jujube fruit.And the absorption of heavy metals in winter jujube root could be interfered by improving fertilization method,to reduce the enrichment of harmful elements in jujube fruit.

Infrared Spectra and Theoretical Calculations of BS2 and BS2-： Strong Pseudo Jahn-Teller Effect

Laser ablated boron atoms have been reacted with hydrogen sulfide and the reaction products condensed with argon at 4 K, which gave BS2, BS2-, HSBS, and HBS molecules. Reagent isotopic substitution （H2S, H234S, D2S, 10 B, 11B） and variation of boron and hydrogen sulfide concentrations have been used to identify the major products. Both BS2-- and BS2 were identified as linear molecules with no significant difference in the structure parameters, but the B-S anti-symmetric stretching vibration of BS2 is significantly lower than that of BS2-, which is ascribed to pseudo Jahn-Teller effect. Theoretical calculation was employed to have an insight into the interaction nature of the bonds in the corresponding products.