重农特征与“周”族名国号的由来

在甲骨文、金文中，“周”字本义为田野种禾，也为田间种禾；因种禾养口，又孳乳出从。之“周”。由从口之“周”再引中，“周”有赒给、周密、周遍、周匝等义。随着“周”字本义的逐渐隐晦，及至后来，解说“周”族名或“周”国号者，遂多据后起的引申义立说，道德周密、歧山四周、舟，乃至周原诸说，皆属此类。事实上，以甲、金文字为依据，联系周族的历史，可以认为：其一，因弃驯化艺植了众多作物，弃之后代直到不久出前，也都以重农为特征，“周”由此成为这一支民族的族名；其二，古公 父时代，基于农业经济的发展，“周”由族名上升为国号，“周”国号出现的地域则在歧下之原；其三，姬发伐纣、商王国解体后，周成为“有天下之号”，历时达八百年之久；其四，农业一道在周民族起源、发展、壮大乃至成为天下共主的过程中所起的作用，因以“周”称其族名、国号乃至“有天下之号”，而得到了极致的表张。

Effects of Land Use Patterns on Soil Heavy Metal Contents

Through sampling in farmland and analysis in laboratory,the contents and the pollution level of Cr,Cu,As,Pb,Zn in different soils were studied. The comparative result showed that the As in all soil samples are lower than the mean value of Shaanxi and whole nation,the Cr in lower half soil samples are higher than the mean value of Shaanxi and whole nation,the Cu and Zn in majority soil samples are higher than the mean value of Shaanxi and whole nation,and the Pb in all soil samples is higher than the mean value of Shaanxi and whole nation. The single factor pollution index and multi-factor pollution index method were used to evaluate the soil pollution. According to Soil Environmental Quality Standard,the studied soils were at unpolluted degrees,the soils were clear,the quality of soil adapt to the crop growth,and not affect the quality of agricultural product.