The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is the system of organs within multi-cellular animals that takes in food, digests it to extract energy and nutrients, and expels the remaining waste. The various patterns of GI tract fu...The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is the system of organs within multi-cellular animals that takes in food, digests it to extract energy and nutrients, and expels the remaining waste. The various patterns of GI tract function are generated by the integrated behaviour of multiple tissues and cell types. A thorough study of the GI tract requires understanding of the interactions between cells, tissues and gastrointestinal organs in health and disease. This depends on knowledge, not only of numerous cellular ionic current mechanisms and signal transduction pathways, but also of large scale GI tissue structures and the special distribution of the nervous network. A unique way of coping with this explosion in complexity is mathematical and computational modelling; providing a computational framework for the multilevel modelling and simulation of the human gastrointestinal anatomy and physiology. The aim of this review is to describe the current status of biomechanical modelling work of the GI tract in humans and animals, which can be further used to integrate the physiological, anatomical and medical knowledge of the GI system. Such modelling will aid research and ensure that medical professionals benefit, through the provision of relevant and precise information about the patient's condition and GI remodelling in animal disease models. It will also improve the accuracy and efficiency of medical procedures, which could result in reduced cost for diagnosis and treatment.展开更多
The thermodynamic process of two macroalgae, Sargassum fusiforme and Laminaria japonica, absorbing heavy metal ions Cu2+, Pb2+, Cd2+ and Ni2+, has been studied. The result indicates that the absorption isotherms of th...The thermodynamic process of two macroalgae, Sargassum fusiforme and Laminaria japonica, absorbing heavy metal ions Cu2+, Pb2+, Cd2+ and Ni2+, has been studied. The result indicates that the absorption isotherms of these two macroalgae clearly accord with the Landmuir adsorption model. The absorptive processes of S. fusiforme and L. japonica for Cu2+℃ are endothermal, and at 35 , the adsorption heat of these two algae is 59.5 kJ/mol and 76.8 kJ/mol respectively. Temperature could affect the algae’s adsorption capacity. Their adsorption ℃℃capacity increases with temperature ( 25 and 35 ).展开更多
A process of biosorption of Cu^2＋, Zn^2＋ and Cd^2＋ on Bacillus subtilis was investigated. The experiments show that the process of biosorption is quite fast, The maximum adsorption was reached after 5 min and hardl...A process of biosorption of Cu^2＋, Zn^2＋ and Cd^2＋ on Bacillus subtilis was investigated. The experiments show that the process of biosorption is quite fast, The maximum adsorption was reached after 5 min and hardly changed with time. The experimental data was analyzed using four sorption kinetic models： the pseudo-first-order, the Ritchie second-order, the modified second-order and the Elovich equations, which helped to determine the best-fit equation for the sorption of metal ions onto biomass, The results show that both the Ritchie second-order and modified secondorder equations can fit the experimental data. The Langmuir model is able to accurately describe adsorption of Cu^2＋ and Zn^2＋ on B. subtilis. The experimental data points of adsorption Cd^2＋ and Zn^2＋ on B. subtilis are described by Freundlich isotherms model.展开更多
Objective: To test the suture strength on the tendon or ligament end and evaluate the stitch in the reconstruction of cruciate ligament and its clinical application. Methods: Twenty-four specimens of patellar tendon w...Objective: To test the suture strength on the tendon or ligament end and evaluate the stitch in the reconstruction of cruciate ligament and its clinical application. Methods: Twenty-four specimens of patellar tendon with free ends were divided into 3 groups: Group I (3 Krackow stitches), Group II (2 Krackow stitches) and Group III (2 Krackow stitches with the first stitch passing through the tendon tissue as a modified Krackow stitch). These 3 groups were further divided into 6 subgroups according to different suture materials, No 1 Ethilon or stainless steel wire (φ= 0.4 mm). Tensile test was undertaken to find out the least stitches with efficient suture pattern. Results: Two Krackow locking stitches had stronger strength than 0.4 mm-diameter stainless steel wire. The fixation strength of 2 stitches with No 1 Ethilon was more than 80 N, superior to the failure strength of the material itself. The same strength was maintained if the first stitch was across the tendon tissue transversely. There was no statistically significant difference in the suture strength between 2 and 3 Krackow locking stitches. Conclusions: The suture strength is greater than the failure strength of the suture material. Less suture exposure can be achieved when the first stitch is across the tendon tissue while maintaining a comparable strength to other sutures. To attain higher suture strength, stronger materials or multiple strands rather than more stitches are preferred. Therefore, a rapid early rehabilitation of range of motion (ROM) is possible and reliable in practice.展开更多
基金Supported by A grant from US National Institute of Health with No. 1RO1DK072616-01A2Karen Elise Jensen Fond
文摘The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is the system of organs within multi-cellular animals that takes in food, digests it to extract energy and nutrients, and expels the remaining waste. The various patterns of GI tract function are generated by the integrated behaviour of multiple tissues and cell types. A thorough study of the GI tract requires understanding of the interactions between cells, tissues and gastrointestinal organs in health and disease. This depends on knowledge, not only of numerous cellular ionic current mechanisms and signal transduction pathways, but also of large scale GI tissue structures and the special distribution of the nervous network. A unique way of coping with this explosion in complexity is mathematical and computational modelling; providing a computational framework for the multilevel modelling and simulation of the human gastrointestinal anatomy and physiology. The aim of this review is to describe the current status of biomechanical modelling work of the GI tract in humans and animals, which can be further used to integrate the physiological, anatomical and medical knowledge of the GI system. Such modelling will aid research and ensure that medical professionals benefit, through the provision of relevant and precise information about the patient's condition and GI remodelling in animal disease models. It will also improve the accuracy and efficiency of medical procedures, which could result in reduced cost for diagnosis and treatment.
文摘The thermodynamic process of two macroalgae, Sargassum fusiforme and Laminaria japonica, absorbing heavy metal ions Cu2+, Pb2+, Cd2+ and Ni2+, has been studied. The result indicates that the absorption isotherms of these two macroalgae clearly accord with the Landmuir adsorption model. The absorptive processes of S. fusiforme and L. japonica for Cu2+℃ are endothermal, and at 35 , the adsorption heat of these two algae is 59.5 kJ/mol and 76.8 kJ/mol respectively. Temperature could affect the algae’s adsorption capacity. Their adsorption ℃℃capacity increases with temperature ( 25 and 35 ).
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 20206024)
文摘A process of biosorption of Cu^2＋, Zn^2＋ and Cd^2＋ on Bacillus subtilis was investigated. The experiments show that the process of biosorption is quite fast, The maximum adsorption was reached after 5 min and hardly changed with time. The experimental data was analyzed using four sorption kinetic models： the pseudo-first-order, the Ritchie second-order, the modified second-order and the Elovich equations, which helped to determine the best-fit equation for the sorption of metal ions onto biomass, The results show that both the Ritchie second-order and modified secondorder equations can fit the experimental data. The Langmuir model is able to accurately describe adsorption of Cu^2＋ and Zn^2＋ on B. subtilis. The experimental data points of adsorption Cd^2＋ and Zn^2＋ on B. subtilis are described by Freundlich isotherms model.
文摘Objective: To test the suture strength on the tendon or ligament end and evaluate the stitch in the reconstruction of cruciate ligament and its clinical application. Methods: Twenty-four specimens of patellar tendon with free ends were divided into 3 groups: Group I (3 Krackow stitches), Group II (2 Krackow stitches) and Group III (2 Krackow stitches with the first stitch passing through the tendon tissue as a modified Krackow stitch). These 3 groups were further divided into 6 subgroups according to different suture materials, No 1 Ethilon or stainless steel wire (φ= 0.4 mm). Tensile test was undertaken to find out the least stitches with efficient suture pattern. Results: Two Krackow locking stitches had stronger strength than 0.4 mm-diameter stainless steel wire. The fixation strength of 2 stitches with No 1 Ethilon was more than 80 N, superior to the failure strength of the material itself. The same strength was maintained if the first stitch was across the tendon tissue transversely. There was no statistically significant difference in the suture strength between 2 and 3 Krackow locking stitches. Conclusions: The suture strength is greater than the failure strength of the suture material. Less suture exposure can be achieved when the first stitch is across the tendon tissue while maintaining a comparable strength to other sutures. To attain higher suture strength, stronger materials or multiple strands rather than more stitches are preferred. Therefore, a rapid early rehabilitation of range of motion (ROM) is possible and reliable in practice.
