Due to the fact that the existing web service description methods cannot address the issue of service reuse of various levels of granularity, the concept of service component is introduced, which packages together web...Due to the fact that the existing web service description methods cannot address the issue of service reuse of various levels of granularity, the concept of service component is introduced, which packages together web services and choreography, and their operations and properties are presented in a consistent and uniform manner. Service components are published externally as normal web services and can thus be employed by webbased applications. In order to improve reusability and testability of service components, the concept of composition pattern is also proposed, which presents the relationships among service components. The relationships and relationship compositions have a rigorous semantic, so that composite components can be validated at the configuration stage. The composition patterns support to integrate service components of various levels of granularity. Experience indicates that the application assembly can effectively be conducted by understanding, selecting, and reusing components easily.展开更多
The negative valve overlap (NVO) strategy of HCCI operation was experimentally investigated on a gasoline HCCI engine operated with variable valve timing in association with the addition of diesel fuel. The experiment...The negative valve overlap (NVO) strategy of HCCI operation was experimentally investigated on a gasoline HCCI engine operated with variable valve timing in association with the addition of diesel fuel. The experimental results show that, by using gasoline and diesel blended fuels, the required NVO interval for suitable HCCI combustion under a given engine speed and a moderate compression ratio condition could be reduced, and the HCCI combustion region was extended remarkably without substantial increase in NOx emissions under a given inlet and exhaust valve timing due to the improvement of charge ignitability. In addition, the possible scale of NVO was extended. A substantial increase in the lean limit of excess air ratio and the upper limit of load range can be achieved because of higher volumetric efficiency, resulting from the decrease in the required NVO and the presence of less residual gases in cylinder.展开更多
The non-tidal variation gained from continuous gravity observations in stations usually reflects the regional continuous gravity changes. In this paper we focus on studying the non-tidal variation of Baijiatuan statio...The non-tidal variation gained from continuous gravity observations in stations usually reflects the regional continuous gravity changes. In this paper we focus on studying the non-tidal variation of Baijiatuan station,Beijing where there are two different gravimeters( namely,L&R-804 and PET-031). Based on the original raw tidal records of two gravimeters from 2008 to 2011,we first remove various interference from raw data by the standard procedure software-Tsoft; then we model the solid earth tides, ocean tidal loading and pole tide through related parameters; after that we adopt a new segmented polynomial fitting method based on Tsoft to fit the complex drift of spring gravimeter; and finally we calculate the atmospheric loading effects by a linear regression model. After a series of processing we gain the non-tidal variation of the two gravimeters at Baijiatuan site,Beijing. Furthermore,to analyze the non-tidal variation preliminarily,we study the main component of related tidal data by power spectral density. Comparing the non-tidal variation of two different gravimeters,we find seasonal fluctuations in non-tidal results, which are in accordance with the water storage change. Therefore,we take into account the relevance of gravity changes and water storage based on the gravity data of GRACE and water data of the CMAP model from 2003 to 2011 at different sites in the Chinese mainland( Beijing, Chengdu, Shenyang and Shiquanhe), and make a preliminary analysis on the relationship between gravity changes and water storage.展开更多
To evaluate the effects of maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index （pre-BMI） and gestational weight gain （GWG） on neonatal birth weight （NBW） in the population of Chinese healthy pregnant women, attempting to gui...To evaluate the effects of maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index （pre-BMI） and gestational weight gain （GWG） on neonatal birth weight （NBW） in the population of Chinese healthy pregnant women, attempting to guide weight control in pregnancy. A retrospective cohort study of 3772 Chinese women was conducted. The population was stratified by maternal pre-BMI categories as underweight （〈18.5 kg/m2）, normal weight （18.5-23.9 kg/m2）, overweight （24.0-27.9 kg/m2）, and obesity （〉28.0 kg/m2）. The NBW differences were tested among the four groups, and then deeper associations among maternal pre-BMI, GWG, and NBW were investigated by multivariate analysis. NBW increased significantly with the increase of maternal pre-BMI level （P〈0.05）, except overweight to obesity （P〉0.05）. The multivariate analysis showed that both pre-BMI and GWG were positively correlated with NBW （P〈0.05）. Compared with normal pre-BMI, underweight predicted an increased odds ratio of small-for-gestational-age （SGA） and decreased odds ratio for macrosomia and large-for-gestational-age （LGA）, and the results were opposite for overweight. With the increase of GWG, the risk of SGA decreased and the risks of macrosomia and LGA increased. In addition, in different pre-BMI categories, the effects of weight gain in the first trimester on NBW were different （P〈0.05）. NBW is positively affected by both maternal pre-BMI and GWG, extreme pre-BMI and GWG are both associated with increased risks of abnormal birth weight, and maternal pre-BMI may modify the effect of weight gain in each trimester on NBW. A valid GWG guideline for Chinese women is an urgent requirement, whereas existing recommendations seem to be not very suitable for the Chinese.展开更多
This paper considers the simultaneous attack problem of multiple missiles against a maneuvering target. Different from most of the existing literature in which the simultaneous attack problem is formulated as a consen...This paper considers the simultaneous attack problem of multiple missiles against a maneuvering target. Different from most of the existing literature in which the simultaneous attack problem is formulated as a consensus problem of missiles＇ time-to-go estimates, this paper formulates it as the consensus problem of missiles＇ ranges-to-go. Based on this strategy, novel distributed guidance laws are proposed to solve the simultaneous attack problem with the target of unknown maneuverability.Adaptive control method is introduced to estimate the upper bound of the target＇s acceleration. The effectiveness of the proposed guidance laws is verified both theoretically and numerically.展开更多
A class of multifunctions satisfying more general contractive inequalities is introduced and random coincidence point theorems for pairs of measurable nmltifunctions belonging to this class are proved.
To yield cholinesterase（ChE） from prokaryotic expression, the ChE gene that belongs to Daphnia magna was amplified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction（RT-PCR） using forward primer 5＇-CCCYGGNGCSAT G...To yield cholinesterase（ChE） from prokaryotic expression, the ChE gene that belongs to Daphnia magna was amplified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction（RT-PCR） using forward primer 5＇-CCCYGGNGCSAT GATGTG-3＇ and reverse primer 5＇-GYAAGTTRGCCCAATATCT-3＇. To express the gene, one sequence of the amplified DNA, which was able to encode a putative protein containing two conserved carboxylesterase domains, was connected to the prokaryotic expression vector PET-29a（＋）. The recombinant vector was transformed into Escherichia coil BL21（DE3）. Protein expression was induced by isopropy-D-thiogalactoside. The expressed ChE was used as an immunogen to immunize BALB/c mice. The obtained antibodies were tested for their specificity towards crude enzymes from species such as Alona milleri, Macrobrachium nipponense, Bombyx mori, Chironomus kiiensis, Apis mellifera, Eisenia foetida, Brachydanio rerio, and Xenopus laevis. Results indicated that the antibodies had specificity suitable for detecting ChE in Daphnia magna. A type of indirect and non-competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（IN-ELISA） was used to test the immunoreactive content of ChE（ChE-IR） in Daphina magna. The detection limit of the IN-ELISA was found to be 14.5 ng/ml at an antiserum dilution of 1：22 000. Results from tests on Daphnia magna exposed to sublethal concentrations of triazophos indicated a maximal induction of 57.2% in terms of ChE-IR on the second day after the animals were exposed to a concentration of 2.10 μg/L triazophos. Testing on animals acclimatized to a temperature of 16 °C indicated that ChE-IR was induced by 16.9% compared with the ChE-IR content detected at 21 °C, and the rate of induction was 25.6% at 10 °C. The IN-ELISA was also used to test the stability of ChE-IR in collected samples. Repeated freezing and thawing had no influence on the outcome of the test. All these results suggest that the polyclonal antibodies developed against the recombinant ChE are as efficient as those developed against the native ChE in detecting ChE content in Daphnia magna.展开更多
基金The National Basic Research Program of China (973Program) (No.1999032710).
文摘Due to the fact that the existing web service description methods cannot address the issue of service reuse of various levels of granularity, the concept of service component is introduced, which packages together web services and choreography, and their operations and properties are presented in a consistent and uniform manner. Service components are published externally as normal web services and can thus be employed by webbased applications. In order to improve reusability and testability of service components, the concept of composition pattern is also proposed, which presents the relationships among service components. The relationships and relationship compositions have a rigorous semantic, so that composite components can be validated at the configuration stage. The composition patterns support to integrate service components of various levels of granularity. Experience indicates that the application assembly can effectively be conducted by understanding, selecting, and reusing components easily.
基金Supported by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council of the UK(No58338/01)
文摘The negative valve overlap (NVO) strategy of HCCI operation was experimentally investigated on a gasoline HCCI engine operated with variable valve timing in association with the addition of diesel fuel. The experimental results show that, by using gasoline and diesel blended fuels, the required NVO interval for suitable HCCI combustion under a given engine speed and a moderate compression ratio condition could be reduced, and the HCCI combustion region was extended remarkably without substantial increase in NOx emissions under a given inlet and exhaust valve timing due to the improvement of charge ignitability. In addition, the possible scale of NVO was extended. A substantial increase in the lean limit of excess air ratio and the upper limit of load range can be achieved because of higher volumetric efficiency, resulting from the decrease in the required NVO and the presence of less residual gases in cylinder.
基金sponsored by the Basic Scientific Research of Institute of Geophysics,CEA(DQJB12B20,DQJB12C03,DQJB12B14)
文摘The non-tidal variation gained from continuous gravity observations in stations usually reflects the regional continuous gravity changes. In this paper we focus on studying the non-tidal variation of Baijiatuan station,Beijing where there are two different gravimeters( namely,L&R-804 and PET-031). Based on the original raw tidal records of two gravimeters from 2008 to 2011,we first remove various interference from raw data by the standard procedure software-Tsoft; then we model the solid earth tides, ocean tidal loading and pole tide through related parameters; after that we adopt a new segmented polynomial fitting method based on Tsoft to fit the complex drift of spring gravimeter; and finally we calculate the atmospheric loading effects by a linear regression model. After a series of processing we gain the non-tidal variation of the two gravimeters at Baijiatuan site,Beijing. Furthermore,to analyze the non-tidal variation preliminarily,we study the main component of related tidal data by power spectral density. Comparing the non-tidal variation of two different gravimeters,we find seasonal fluctuations in non-tidal results, which are in accordance with the water storage change. Therefore,we take into account the relevance of gravity changes and water storage based on the gravity data of GRACE and water data of the CMAP model from 2003 to 2011 at different sites in the Chinese mainland( Beijing, Chengdu, Shenyang and Shiquanhe), and make a preliminary analysis on the relationship between gravity changes and water storage.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81370725 and 81370726)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(No.LQ14H040004)the Key Discipline of Obstetrics of Zhejiang Province,China
文摘To evaluate the effects of maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index （pre-BMI） and gestational weight gain （GWG） on neonatal birth weight （NBW） in the population of Chinese healthy pregnant women, attempting to guide weight control in pregnancy. A retrospective cohort study of 3772 Chinese women was conducted. The population was stratified by maternal pre-BMI categories as underweight （〈18.5 kg/m2）, normal weight （18.5-23.9 kg/m2）, overweight （24.0-27.9 kg/m2）, and obesity （〉28.0 kg/m2）. The NBW differences were tested among the four groups, and then deeper associations among maternal pre-BMI, GWG, and NBW were investigated by multivariate analysis. NBW increased significantly with the increase of maternal pre-BMI level （P〈0.05）, except overweight to obesity （P〉0.05）. The multivariate analysis showed that both pre-BMI and GWG were positively correlated with NBW （P〈0.05）. Compared with normal pre-BMI, underweight predicted an increased odds ratio of small-for-gestational-age （SGA） and decreased odds ratio for macrosomia and large-for-gestational-age （LGA）, and the results were opposite for overweight. With the increase of GWG, the risk of SGA decreased and the risks of macrosomia and LGA increased. In addition, in different pre-BMI categories, the effects of weight gain in the first trimester on NBW were different （P〈0.05）. NBW is positively affected by both maternal pre-BMI and GWG, extreme pre-BMI and GWG are both associated with increased risks of abnormal birth weight, and maternal pre-BMI may modify the effect of weight gain in each trimester on NBW. A valid GWG guideline for Chinese women is an urgent requirement, whereas existing recommendations seem to be not very suitable for the Chinese.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.61473005,11332001,and 61471242the Research Project Fund under Grant No.17-163-11-ZT-003-018-01+2 种基金the Air Force Advance Research Fund under Grant No.303020503the Joint Fund of Equipment development and Aerospace Science and Technology under Grant No.6141B0624050101the National Defense Basic Scientific Research Program(Major)of China
文摘This paper considers the simultaneous attack problem of multiple missiles against a maneuvering target. Different from most of the existing literature in which the simultaneous attack problem is formulated as a consensus problem of missiles＇ time-to-go estimates, this paper formulates it as the consensus problem of missiles＇ ranges-to-go. Based on this strategy, novel distributed guidance laws are proposed to solve the simultaneous attack problem with the target of unknown maneuverability.Adaptive control method is introduced to estimate the upper bound of the target＇s acceleration. The effectiveness of the proposed guidance laws is verified both theoretically and numerically.
文摘A class of multifunctions satisfying more general contractive inequalities is introduced and random coincidence point theorems for pairs of measurable nmltifunctions belonging to this class are proved.
基金supported by the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation(No.LY12B07008),China
文摘To yield cholinesterase（ChE） from prokaryotic expression, the ChE gene that belongs to Daphnia magna was amplified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction（RT-PCR） using forward primer 5＇-CCCYGGNGCSAT GATGTG-3＇ and reverse primer 5＇-GYAAGTTRGCCCAATATCT-3＇. To express the gene, one sequence of the amplified DNA, which was able to encode a putative protein containing two conserved carboxylesterase domains, was connected to the prokaryotic expression vector PET-29a（＋）. The recombinant vector was transformed into Escherichia coil BL21（DE3）. Protein expression was induced by isopropy-D-thiogalactoside. The expressed ChE was used as an immunogen to immunize BALB/c mice. The obtained antibodies were tested for their specificity towards crude enzymes from species such as Alona milleri, Macrobrachium nipponense, Bombyx mori, Chironomus kiiensis, Apis mellifera, Eisenia foetida, Brachydanio rerio, and Xenopus laevis. Results indicated that the antibodies had specificity suitable for detecting ChE in Daphnia magna. A type of indirect and non-competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（IN-ELISA） was used to test the immunoreactive content of ChE（ChE-IR） in Daphina magna. The detection limit of the IN-ELISA was found to be 14.5 ng/ml at an antiserum dilution of 1：22 000. Results from tests on Daphnia magna exposed to sublethal concentrations of triazophos indicated a maximal induction of 57.2% in terms of ChE-IR on the second day after the animals were exposed to a concentration of 2.10 μg/L triazophos. Testing on animals acclimatized to a temperature of 16 °C indicated that ChE-IR was induced by 16.9% compared with the ChE-IR content detected at 21 °C, and the rate of induction was 25.6% at 10 °C. The IN-ELISA was also used to test the stability of ChE-IR in collected samples. Repeated freezing and thawing had no influence on the outcome of the test. All these results suggest that the polyclonal antibodies developed against the recombinant ChE are as efficient as those developed against the native ChE in detecting ChE content in Daphnia magna.
